Methods for sentinel lymph node mapping in oral cancer: a literature review

Peritumoral administered tracer	Time of application	Localization of SLNs	Advantages	Disadvantages
Methylene blue dye	Intraoperatively	INTRAOPERATIVELY identification of the SLNs stained with blue dye	- Availability- Low cost- Very low rate of allergic reactions- No nuclear facilities required	- Rapid loss of visibility of the marker in the presence of large amount of adipose tissue or significant intraoperative bleeding- Rapid lymphatic transportation tracker- Staining of primary tumor- Alteration of absorption of the laser energy- Possible extravasation of the dye in the surgical field
99mTc-labelled radiotracer	Preoperatively	PREOPERATIVELY conventional lymphoscintigraphy INTRAOPERATIVELY by gamma-probe	- Most investigated technique- Possibility of small surgical incision- Lack of primary tumor staining	- Subject to shine through phenomenon- Requires nuclear facilities- High cost- Low sensitivity in case of SCC of the floor of the mouth
Indocyanine green	Preoperatively	INTRAOPERATIVELY NIR fluorescence imagining system	- Possibility of small surgical incision (percutaneous visualization)- Lack of primary tumor staining	- Limited clinical experience in OSCC- Rapid lymphatic transportation tracker- High cost

Tracer	Preoperative SLNs detection	Intraoperative SLNs detection
Gadolinium-based paramagnetic contrast agent [Gd3+]	MR lymphography	-
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)	MR lymphography	magnetomer
Iodine-based contrast agent	CT lymphography	-
[89 Zr] – nanocolloid positron emitting radiotracer	PET lymphoscintigraphy	PET-probe

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Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:: Biologie, Molekularbiologie, Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Medizin, Vorklinische Medizin, Grundlagenmedizin, Immunologie