S100 Beta Protein as a Marker of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Breakthrough in Diagnostics or a False Trail? Review of the Literature.

Research	Year	Number of patients studied/control group	Results
Wiltfang et al. [15]	1999	36/no control group	S100B serum level has advantage over ammonia serum level in detecting portal-systemic encephalopathy
Vaquero et al. [16]	2003	54/no control group	S100B serum level has no correlation with HE severity and liver function
Saleh et al. [17]	2007	43/9	S100B level has correlation with HE (stages I and II), compared to healthy and cirrhotic patients without HE
Isobe-Harima et al. [18]	2008	9/no control group	S100B serum level is higher in HE patients
Duarte Rojo et al. [19]	2016	46/15	S100B serum levels are higher in patients with cirrhosis and HE than in healthy subjects
Toney et al. [21]	2019	82/no control group	no correlation between serum S100B level and severity of HE
Strebel et al. [20]	2020	30/no control group	serum S100B protein level correlated with the presence of HE

CONNECTION WITH THE UNDERLYING DISEASE		DURATION	PRESENCE OF TRIGGERING FACTORS WHC	SEVERITY OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
CONNECTION WITH THE UNDERLYING DISEASE		DURATION	PRESENCE OF TRIGGERING FACTORS WHC	ISHEN
type A	acute liver failure	episodic	with triggering factors	minimal	covert
type B	portosystemic bypass	persistent	with triggering factors	I	covert
type B	portosystemic bypass	persistent	without triggering factors	II	overt
type C	hepatic cirrhosis	recurrent		III
type C	hepatic cirrhosis	recurrent		IV

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Fachgebiete der Zeitschrift:: Biologie, Molekularbiologie, Mikrobiologie und Virologie, Medizin, Vorklinische Medizin, Grundlagenmedizin, Immunologie