[1. A. Duenas-Gonzalez, M. Candelaria, C. Perez-Plascencia, E. Perez-Cardenas, E. Cruz-Hernandez and L. A. Herrera, Valproic acid as epigenetic cancer drug: preclinical, clinical and transcriptional effects on solid tumors, Cancer Treat. Rev.34 (2008) 206–222; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.11.00310.1016/j.ctrv.2007.11.003]Search in Google Scholar
[2. T. Tomson, D. Battino and E. Perucca, Valproic acid after five decades of use in epilepsy: time to reconsider the indications of a time-honoured drug, Lancet Neurol.15 (2016) 210–218; https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00314-210.1016/S1474-4422(15)00314-2]Search in Google Scholar
[3. A. Yarmohamadi, J. Asadi, R. Gharaei, M. Mir and A. K. Khoshnazar, Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhances radiosensitivity in breast cancer cell line, J. Radiat. Cancer Res.9 (2018) 86–92; https://doi.org/10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_37_1710.4103/jrcr.jrcr_37_17]Search in Google Scholar
[4. S. A. Brodie and J. C. Brandes, Could valproic acid be an effective anticancer agent? The evidence so far, Expert. Rev. Anticancer Ther.14 (2014) 1097–1100; https://doi.org/10.1586/14737140.2014.94032910.1586/14737140.2014.940329457952825017212]Search in Google Scholar
[5. A. Grabarska, M. Dmoszynska-Graniczka, E. Nowosadzka and A. Stepulak, Histone deacetylase inhibitors - Molecular mechanisms of actions and clinical applications, Postepy Hig. Med. Dosw.67 (2013) 722–735.10.5604/17322693.106138124018438]Search in Google Scholar
[6. L. Sun and D. H. Coy, Anti-convulsant drug valproic acid in cancers and in combination anticancer therapeutics, Mod. Chem. Appl.2 (2014) 1–5; https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6798.100011810.4172/2329-6798.1000118]Search in Google Scholar
[7. C. Tsai, J. S. Leslie, L. G. Franko-Tobin, M. C. Prasnal, T. Yang, L. V. Mackey, J. A. Fuselier, D. H. Coy, M. Liu, C. Yu and L. Sun, Valproic acid suppresses cervical cancer tumor progression possibly via activating Notch1 signaling and enhances receptor-targeted cancer chemotherapeutic via activating somatostatin receptor type II, Arch. Gynecol. Obstet.288 (2013) 393–400; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2762-710.1007/s00404-013-2762-723435724]Search in Google Scholar
[8. G. Sun, L. V. Mackey, D. H. Coy, C. Y. Yu and L. Sun, The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid induces cell growth arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppressing Notch signaling, J. Cancer6 (2015) 996–1004; https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.1213510.7150/jca.12135456584926366213]Search in Google Scholar
[9. M. Mottamal, S. Zheng, T. L. Huang and G. Wang, Histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical studies as templates for new anticancer agents, Molecules20 (2015) 3898–3941; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2003389810.3390/molecules20033898437280125738536]Search in Google Scholar
[10. C. Mercurio, S. Minucci and P. G. Pelicci, Histone deacetylases and epigenetic therapies of hematological malignancies, Pharmacol. Res.62 (2010) 18–34; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.01010.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.01020219679]Search in Google Scholar
[11. L. Zhang, Y. Han, Q. Jiang, C. Wang and X. Chen, Trend of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: isoform selectivity or multitargeted strategy, Med. Res. Rev.35 (2015) 63–84; https://doi.org/10.1002/med.2132010.1002/med.2132024782318]Search in Google Scholar
[12. D. Wang, Y. Jing, S. Ouyang, B. Liu, T. Zhu, H. Niu and Y. Tian, Inhibitory effect of valproic acid on bladder cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo, Oncol. Lett.6 (2013) 1492–1498; https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2013.156510.3892/ol.2013.1565381378824179547]Search in Google Scholar
[13. X. Yuan, H. Wu, H. Xu, H. Xiong, Q. Chu, S. Yu, G. S. Wu and K. Wu, Notch signaling: an emerging therapeutic target for cancer treatment, Cancer Lett.369 (2015) 20–27; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.04810.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.04826341688]Search in Google Scholar
[14. K. Hori, A. Sen and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas, Notch signaling at a glance, J. Cell Sci.126 (2013) 2135–2140; https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.12730810.1242/jcs.127308367293423729744]Search in Google Scholar
[15. L. G. Franko-Tobin, L. V. Mackey and W. Huang, Notch1-mediated tumor suppression in cervical cancer with the involvement of sst signaling and its application in enhanced SSTR-targeted therapeutics, Oncologist17 (2011) 220–232; https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2011-026910.1634/theoncologist.2011-0269328617122291092]Search in Google Scholar
[16. R. Bar-Shavit, M. Maoz, A. Kancharla, J. K. Nag, D. Agranovich, S. Grisaru-Granovsky and B. Uziely, G protein-coupled receptors in cancer, Int. J. Mol. Sci.17 (2016) 1320 (16 pages); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms1708132010.3390/ijms17081320500071727529230]Search in Google Scholar
[17. S. P. H. Alexander, A. P. Davenport, E. Kelly, N. Marrion, J. A. Peters, H. E. Benson, E. Faccenda, A. J. Pawson, J. L. Sharman, C. Southan and J. A. Davies, The concise guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein coupled receptors, Br. J. Pharmacol.172 (2015) 5744–5869; https://doi.org/10.1111.bph.13348]Search in Google Scholar
[18. N. Tarasenko, H. Chekroun-Setti, A. Nudelman and A. Rephaeli, Comparison of the anticancer properties of a novel valproic acid prodrug to leading histone deacetylase inhibitors, J. Cell Biochem.119 (2018) 3417–3428; https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.2651210.1002/jcb.2651229135083]Search in Google Scholar
[19. X. Ni, L. Li and G. Pan, HDAC inhibitor-induced drug resistance involving ATP-binding cassette transporters (review), Oncol. Lett.9 (2015) 515–521; https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2014.271410.3892/ol.2014.2714430156025624882]Search in Google Scholar
[20. J. C. Ame, C. Spenlehauer and G. Murcia, The PARP superfamily, BioEssays26 (2004) 882–893; https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.2008510.1002/bies.2008515273990]Search in Google Scholar
[21. M. Terranova-Barberio, M. S. Roca, A. I. Zotti, A. Leone, F. Bruzzese, C. Vitagliano, G. Scogliamiglio, D. Russo, G. D’Angelo, R. Franco, A. Budillon and E. Digennaro, Valproic acid potentiates the anti-cancer activity of capecitabine in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer models via induction of thymidine phosphorylase expression, Oncotarget7 (2016) 7715–7731; https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.680210.18632/oncotarget.6802488494926735339]Search in Google Scholar
[22. S. Jawed, B. Kim, T. Ottenhof, G. M. Brown, E. S. Werstiuk and L. P. Niles, Human melatonin MT1 receptor induction by valproic acid and its effects in combination with melatonin on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation, Eur. J. Pharmacol.560 (2007) 17–22; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.02210.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.02217303109]Search in Google Scholar
[23. D. Witt, P. Burfeind, S. Hardenberg, L. Opitz, G. Salinas-Riester, F. Bremmer, S. Schweyer, P. Thelen, J. Neesen and S. Kaulfuss, Valproic acid inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by re-expressing cyclin D2, Carcinogenesis34 (2013) 1115–1124; https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgt01910.1093/carcin/bgt01923349020]Search in Google Scholar
[24. H. Fredly, B. T. Gjertsen and O. Bruserud, Histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: the effects of valproic acid on leukemic cells, and the clinical and experimental evidence for combining valproic acid with other antileukemic agents, Clin. Epigenetics5 (2013) 12 (13 pages); https://doi.org/10.1186/1868-7083-5-1210.1186/1868-7083-5-12373388323898968]Search in Google Scholar
[25. J. P. Issa, G. Garcia-Manero, X. Huang, J. Cortes, F. Ravandi, E. Jabbour, G. Borthakur, M. Brandt, S. Pierce and H. Kantarjian, Results of phase 2 randomized study of low-dose decitabine with or without valproic acid in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia, Cancer121 (2015) 556–561; https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.2908510.1002/cncr.29085432000025336333]Search in Google Scholar
[26. G. Garcia-Manero, H. M. Kantarjian, B. Sanchez-Gonzalez, H. Yang, G. Rosner, S. Verstovsek, M. Rytting, W. G. Wierda, F. Ravandi, C. Koller, L. Xiao, S. Faderl, Z. Estrov, J. Cortes, S. O´Brien, E. Estey, C. Bueso-Ramos, J. Fiorentino, E. Jabbour and J. P. Issa, Phase 1/2 study of the combination of 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine with valproic acid in patients with leukemia, Blood108 (2006) 3271–3279; https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-03-00914210.1182/blood-2006-03-009142189543716882711]Search in Google Scholar
[27. S. Iwahashi, T. Utsunomiya, S. Imura, Y. Morine, T. Ikemoto, Y. Arakawa, Y. Saito, D. Ishikawa and M. Shimada, Effects of valproic acid in combination with S-1 on advanced pancreatobiliary tract cancers: clinical study phases I/II, Anticancer Res.34 (2014) 5187–5192.]Search in Google Scholar
[28. M. Kobayakawa and Y. Kojima, Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) approved for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer in adults when given in combination with cisplatin: a review comparing it with other fluoropyrimidine-based therapies, Oncol. Targets Ther.4 (2011) 193–201; https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S1905910.2147/OTT.S19059323327822162925]Search in Google Scholar
[29. B. F. Chu, M. J. Karpenko, Z. Liu, J. Aimiuwu, M. A. Villalona-Calero, K. K. Chan, M. R. Grever and G. A. Otterson, Phase I study of 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine in combination with valproic acid in non-small-cell lung cancer, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.71 (2013) 115–121; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-012-1986-810.1007/s00280-012-1986-823053268]Search in Google Scholar
[30. K. Steliou, M. S. Boosalis, S. P. Perrine, J. Sangerman and D. V. Faller, Butyrate histone deacetylase inhibitors, Biores. Open Access1 (2012) 192–198; https://doi.org/10.1089/biores.2012.022310.1089/biores.2012.0223355923523514803]Search in Google Scholar
[31. C. Damaskos, N. Garmpis, S. Valsami, M. Kontos, E. Spartalis, T. Kalampokas, E. Kalampokas, D. Moris, A. Daskalopoulou, S. Davakis, G. Tsourouflis, K. Kontzoglou, D. Perrea, N. Nikiteas and D. Dimitroulis, Histone deacetylase inhibitors: An attractive therapeutic strategy against breast cancer, Anticancer Res.37 (2017) 35–46; https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.1128610.21873/anticanres.1128628011471]Search in Google Scholar
[32. M. S. Abaza, A. Afzal and M. Afzal, Short-chain fatty acids are antineoplastic agents, Fatty Acids (2017) 57–70; https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.6844110.5772/intechopen.68441]Search in Google Scholar
[33. G. M. Matthews, G. S. Howarth and R. N. Butler, Short-chain fatty acids induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells associated with changes to intracellular redox state and glucose metabolism, Chemotherapy58 (2012) 102–109; https://doi.org/10.1159/00033567210.1159/00033567222488147]Search in Google Scholar
[34. J. H. Cho, M. Dimri and G. P. Dimri, MicroRNA-31 is a transcriptional target of histone deacetylase inhibitors and a regulator of cellular senescence, J. Biol. Chem.290 (2015) 10555–10567; https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.62436110.1074/jbc.M114.624361440036225737447]Search in Google Scholar
[35. P. Vishwakarma, A. Kumar, M. Sharma, M. Garg and K. Saxena, Histone deacetylase inhibitors: pharmacotherapeutic implications as epigenetic modifier, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol.3 (2014) 27–36; https://doi.org/10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp2014023610.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20140236]Search in Google Scholar
[36. M. S. Al-Keilani, K. H. Alzoubi and S. A. Jaradat, The effect of combined treatment with sodium phenylbutyrate and cisplatin, erlotinib, or gefitinib on resistant NSCLC cells, Clin. Pharmacol.10 (2018) 135–140; https://doi.org/10.2147/CPAA.S17407410.2147/CPAA.S174074618690030349406]Search in Google Scholar
[37. A. R. Z. Almotairy, V. Gandin, L. Morrison, C. Marzan, D. Montagner and A. Erxleban, Antitumor platinum(IV) derivatives of carboplatin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid, J. Inorg. Biochem.177 (2017) 1–7; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.00910.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.09.00928918353]Search in Google Scholar
[38. A. Mostoufi, R. Baghgoli and M. Fereidoonnezhad, Synthesis, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and molecular docking studies of novel phenylbutyrate derivatives as potential anticancer agents, Comput. Biol. Chem.80 (2019) 128–137; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiochem.2019.03.008]Search in Google Scholar
[39. D. J. Morrison and T. Preston, Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism, Gut Microbes7 (2016) 189–200; https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2015.11 34082]Search in Google Scholar
[40. R. Fellows, J. Denizot, C. Stellato, A. Cuomo, P. Jain, E. Stoyanova, S. Balázsi, Z. Hajnády, A. Liebert, J. Kazakevych, H. Blackburn, R. O. Corréa, J. L. Fachi, F. T. Sato, W. R. Ribeiro, C. M. Ferreira, H. Perée, M. Spagnuolo, R. Mattiuz, C. Matoksi, J. Guedes, J. Clark, M, Veldhoen, T. Bonaldi, M. A. R. Vinolo and P. Varga-Weisz, Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids promote histone crotonylation in the colon through histone deacetylases, Nat. Commun.9 (2018) Article ID 105 (15 pages); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02651-510.1038/s41467-017-02651-5576062429317660]Search in Google Scholar