Neuromolecular analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder – the dysregulation in neuronal and signalling pathways

1 Miao XR, Chen QB, Wei K, Tao K, Lu Z. Posttraumatic stress disorder: from diagnosis to prevention. Mil Med Res. 2018;5(32):1-4; DOI:10.1186/s40779-018-0179-0. Search in Google Scholar

2 Ressler KJ, Berretta S, Bolshakov VY, Rosso IM, Meloni EG, Rauch SL, Carlezon Jr WA. Post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and translational neuroscience from cells to circuits. Nat Rev Neurol. 2022;18:273-88; DOI:10.1038/s41582-022-00635-8. Search in Google Scholar

3 Auxémery Y. Post-traumatic psychiatric disorders: PTSD is not the only diagnosis. Presse Med. 2018;47(5):423-30; DOI:10.1016/j. lpm.2017.12.006. Search in Google Scholar

4 Kredlow MA, Fenster RJ, Lauren ES, Ressler KJ, Phelps EA. Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:247-59; DOI:10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7. Search in Google Scholar

5 Bruce SE, Buchholz KR, Brown WJ, Yan L, Durbin A, Sheline YI. Altered emotional interference processing in the amygdala and insula in women with post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage Clin. 2013;2:43-9; DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.11.003. Search in Google Scholar

6 Woo E, Sansing LH, Arnsten AFT, Datta D. Chronic stress weakens connectivity in the prefrontal cortex: architectural and molecular changes. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2021;5:24705470211029254; DOI:10.1177/24705470211029254. Search in Google Scholar

7 Hains AB, Vu MAT, Maciejewski PK, van Dyck CH, Gottron M, Arnsten AFT. Inhibition of protein kinase C signaling protects prefrontal cortex dendritic spines and cognition from effects of chronic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(42):17957-62; DOI:10.1073/pnas.0908563106. Search in Google Scholar

8 Bremner JD. Traumatic stress: effects on the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8 (4):445-61; DOI:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/jbremner. Search in Google Scholar

9 Chen Y, Dubé CM, Rice CJ, Baram TZ. Rapid loss of dendritic spines after stress involves dearangement of spine dynamics by corticotropin-releasing hormone. J Neurosci. 2008;28(11):2903-11; DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0225-08.2008. Search in Google Scholar

10 Suliman S, Hemmings SMJ, Seedat S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in anxiety disorders: systematic review and meta- regression analysis. Front Integr Neurosci. 2013;7:55; DOI:10.3389/ fnint.2013.00055. Search in Google Scholar

11 Zhang L, Li XX, Hu XZ. Post-traumatic stress disorder risk and brain-deorived neurotrophic factor Val66Met. World J Psychiatry. 2016;6(1):1; DOI:10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.1. Search in Google Scholar

12 Averill LA, Purohit P, Averill CL, Boesl MA, Krystal JH, Abdallah CG. Glutamate dysregulation and glutamatergic therapeutics for PTSD: evidence from human studies. Neurosci Lett. 2017;649:147-55; DOI:10.1016/j. neulet.2016.11.064. Search in Google Scholar

13 Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ. How the neurocircuitry and genetics of fear inhibition may inform our understanding of PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(6):648-62; DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09071074. Search in Google Scholar

14 Holmes SE, Girgenti MJ, Davis MT, Pietrzak RH, DellaGioia N, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Southwick S, Duman RS, Carson RE, Krystal JH, Esterlis I; Traumatic Stress Brain Study Group. Altered metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 markers in PTSD: in vivo and postmortem evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(31):8390-5; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1701749114. Search in Google Scholar

15 Davis MT, Hillmer A, Holmes SE, Pietrzak RH, DellaGioia N, Nabulsi N, Matuskey D, Angarita GA, Carson RE, Krystal JH, Esterlis I. In vivo evidence for dysregulation of mGluR5 as a biomarker of suicidal ideation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(23):11490-5; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1818871116. Search in Google Scholar

16 Binder EB. The role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor in pathogenesis and therapy of affective and anxiety disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(1):S186-95; DOI:10.1016/j. psyneuen.2009.05.021. Search in Google Scholar

17 Verkhratsky A, Ho MS, Zorec R, Parpura V. The concept of neuroglia. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1175:1-13. DOI:10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_1. Search in Google Scholar

18 Kettenmann H, Kirchhoff F, Verkhratsky A. Microglia: new roles for the synaptic stripper. Neuron. 2013;77(1):10-8; DOI:10.1016/j. neuron.2012.12.023. Search in Google Scholar

19 Afridi R, Suk K. Microglial responses to stress-induced depression: causes and consequences. Cells. 2023;12(11):1521; DOI:10.3390/cells12111521. Search in Google Scholar