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Characterization of Pterotylenchus cecidogenus in Desmodium ovalifolium cover crop from oil palm plantations in central Colombia

Oscar Velandia
Oscar Velandia
, 
Yuri Mestizo
Yuri Mestizo
, 
Héctor Camilo Medina
Héctor Camilo Medina
, 
Donald Riascos-Ortiz
Donald Riascos-Ortiz
, 
Francia Varón De Agudelo
Francia Varón De Agudelo
 und 
Greicy Andrea Sarria
Greicy Andrea Sarria
   | 01. Dez. 2021
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Online veröffentlicht: 01. Dez. 2021
Seitenbereich: 1 - 14
Eingereicht: 16. Nov. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-099
Schlüsselwörter
© 2021 Oscar Velandia et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Symptoms caused by Pterotylenchus cecidogenus nematode on Desmodium ovalifolium. (A) Chlorosis on leaves. (B) Patches caused by drying of plants. (C) Drying and death of the plant. (D) Galls at stem nodes. (E) Old and cracking galls, and the affected cortical tissue. All symptoms are indicated by arrows.
Symptoms caused by Pterotylenchus cecidogenus nematode on Desmodium ovalifolium. (A) Chlorosis on leaves. (B) Patches caused by drying of plants. (C) Drying and death of the plant. (D) Galls at stem nodes. (E) Old and cracking galls, and the affected cortical tissue. All symptoms are indicated by arrows.

Figure 2:

Pterotylenchus cecidogenus microphotographs. (A) Anterior region of the female. (B) Posterior region of the female. (C) Middle region of the female. (D, E) Vulval region of the female. S = stylet, FV = Vulval flaps and MR = Middle region.
Pterotylenchus cecidogenus microphotographs. (A) Anterior region of the female. (B) Posterior region of the female. (C) Middle region of the female. (D, E) Vulval region of the female. S = stylet, FV = Vulval flaps and MR = Middle region.

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic tree obtained by the statistical method of maximum likelihood based on the Tamura-Nei model of the consensus sequences of the D2–D3 partial segment of Pterotylenchus and related genera. The sequences of this work are indicated in bold. The numbers on the nodes indicate bootsrap values of ≥ 70%. The species Cervidellus cervus (HM452377) is included as an outgroup.
Phylogenetic tree obtained by the statistical method of maximum likelihood based on the Tamura-Nei model of the consensus sequences of the D2–D3 partial segment of Pterotylenchus and related genera. The sequences of this work are indicated in bold. The numbers on the nodes indicate bootsrap values of ≥ 70%. The species Cervidellus cervus (HM452377) is included as an outgroup.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree obtained by the statistical method of maximum likelihood based on the Tamura-Nei model of the consensus sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of Pterotylenchus and related genera. The sequences of this work are indicated in bold. The numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap values of ≥ 70%. The species Radopholus similis (GQ281456) is included as an outgroup.
Phylogenetic tree obtained by the statistical method of maximum likelihood based on the Tamura-Nei model of the consensus sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of Pterotylenchus and related genera. The sequences of this work are indicated in bold. The numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap values of ≥ 70%. The species Radopholus similis (GQ281456) is included as an outgroup.

Morphometric data for Pterotylenchus cecidogenus, including those characterized in the present study, those reported in the original description, and those from reference populations of Orrina phyllobia (=Ditylenchus phyllobius).

Measurement Pterotylenchus cecidogenus (females)1 n = 23 Pterotylenchus cecidogenus (females)2 n = 30 Orrina phyllobia (females)3 n = 20 Ditylenchus phyllobius(females)4 n = not available Ditylenchus phyllobius(females)5 n = not available
Body length 708.4 ± 36.5 (646.4–790.3) 640 (590–800) 696.2 (637–785) (590–840) 684 (592–838)
a 30.5 ± 1.8 (26.5–33.7) 28 (22–35) 31.6 (22.5–39) (20–32) 25 (20–32)
c 12.5 ± 1.6 (11.1–17.4) 11.0 (9.6–12.5) 18.3 (17–19.6) (11.4–17.6) 14.6 (11.4–17.6)
c´ 4.2 ± 0.4 (2.8–4.8) 4.5 (3.6–5.2) 4.4 (3.5–5.6) (2.9–4.5) 3.7 (2.9–4.5)
V% 82 ± 0.9 (80.0–84.3) 82 (80.0–84.0) 79.2 (78–81) (78–85) 81 (78–84)
Stylet 9.1 ± 2.4 (5.2–11.9) 9.5 (8.0–11.0) 9 (8–9) (9–10) (9–11)
Max. body diameter 23.2 ± 1.3 (21.0–26.6) 22 (20.0–25.0) - - -
Anal body diameter 13.5 ± 1.0 (11.8–14.9) - - - -
Tail length 57,6 ± 6.1 (40.4–64.1) 60 (53.0–68.0) - - -

Information of sequences D2-D3 and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) downloaded from GenBank and obtained in the present study.

Species name Location Host plant D2-D3 accession number ITSaccession number Reference or source
P. cecidogenus Colombia D. ovalifolium MW208689; MW208690; MZ404621; MZ404622; MZ404623; MZ404624; MZ404625; MZ404626; MZ404627; MZ404628; MZ404629; MZ404630 MZ449098;MZ449099;MZ449100;MZ449101;MZ449102;MZ449103;MZ449104;MZ449105;MZ449106;MZ449107;MZ449108;MZ449109;MZ449110 Present study
Anguina tritici China Triticum sp. DQ328723; KC818620 - Subbotin et al. (2006)
Anguina graminis Russia Festuca rubra - AF396351 Subbotin et al. (2004)
Anguina wevelli USA Eragrostis curvula - AM888393; KU052862 Song et al. (2015)
Anguina amsinckiae USA Amsinckia sp. - MK032870 Cid del Prado Vera et al. (2018)
Subanguina chilensis Chile - DQ328724 - Subbotin et al. (2006)
Subanguina moxae China Artemisia argyi JN885540 - Yao et al. (2012)
Subanguina radicicola Belgium; China Poa sp. DQ328721 AF396365; JN885538 (Subbotin et al., 2004; Subbotin et al., 2006)
Subanguina danthoniae USA Danthonia californica - MK032869 Cid del Prado Vera et al. (2018)
Heteroanguina graminophila Russia Calamagrostis spp. DQ328720 AF396315; AF396318 (Subbotin et al., 2004; Subbotin et al., 2006)
Mesoanguina millefolii Russia - DQ328722 - Subbotin et al. (2006)
Ditylenchus destructor Russia; Poland; China; Iran Solanum tuberosum; Ipomoea batatas DQ328727; EU400639; HQ235698 KC923223; KC923224 (Subbotin et al., 2006; Subbotin et al., 2011; Jeszke et al., 2013; Mahmoudi et al., 2020)
Ditylenchus dipsaci Yemen; Mexico Allium sativum; Medicago sativa JF327759 KY348764 Rosas-Hernández et al. (2017)
Ditylenchus gallaeformans Brazil Miconia albicans; Miconia coralline; Leandra lacunosa JQ429769; JQ429770 JQ429778; JQ429779 Oliveira et al. (2013)
Ditylenchus drepanocercus Brazil Miconia calvescens JQ429772 - Oliveira et al. (2013)
Ditylenchus oncogenus Italy Sonchus bulbosus KF612015 - Vovlas et al. (2015)
Ditylenchus phyllobius Mexico Solanum elaeagnifolium KT192617, KT192618 KT192615; KT192616 Medina et al. (2016)
Ditylenchus persicus Iran Vitis vinifera KX463285 KX463286 Esmaeili et al. (2017)
Ditylenchus weischeri Canada Cirsium arvense MG551902 MG386845 Madani and Tenuta (2018)
Ditylenchus gigas Italy; Iran Vicia faba; Allium sativum HQ219216 KJ653270 Vovlas et al. (2011)
Ditylenchus arachis China Arachis hypogaea KX426054 JN635037; JX040545 Zhang et al. (2014)
Ditylenchus halictus Germany Halictus sexcinctus AY589364 - Ye et al. (2007)
Ditylenchus gilanicus Iran Fagus orientalis MG742325 - Yaghoubi et al. (2018)
Cervidellus cervus USA Ferocactus HM452377 - Bostrom et al., (2011)
Radopholus similis Colombia Musa sp. - GQ281456 Múnera et al. (2010)

Parasitic and ecological parameters of nematodes in rhizospheric soil of Desmodium ovalifolium.

Nematode genus Absolute frequency Relative frequency Absolute density Relative density Prominence value Relative prominence value
Helicotylenchus 33.3 28,6 32,7 47,6 188,7 64,4
Tylenchorhynchus 23.3 20 14,5 21,1 70 23,9
Xiphinema 20 17,2 10,5 15,3 46,96 16
Meloidogyne 13,3 11,4 4 5,8 14,6 4,98
Pterotylenchus 10 8,6 3,5 5,1 11,1 3,8
Pratylenchus 6,7 5,7 1,5 2,2 3,9 1,33
Criconemella 6,7 5,7 1,3 1,9 3,4 1,16
Trichodorus 3,3 2,8 0,7 1 1,3 0,44

Parasitic and ecological parameters of nematodes associated with Desmodium ovalifolium roots.

Nematode Absolute frequency Relative frequency Absolute density Relative density Prominence value Relative prominence value
Meloidogyne 33,3 30,2 8,7 25,2 50,2 30,5
Pterotylenchus 13,3 12,1 12,8 37,1 46,7 28,3
Helicotylenchus 30 27,3 6,2 18 34 20,6
Pratylenchus 26,7 24,3 6,3 18,3 32,6 19,8
Xiphinema 6,7 5,9 0,5 1,4 1,3 0,76

Locations of plantations sampled for the recognition of nematodes in Desmodium ovalifolium.

Sample No. Coordinate Length Latitude Location Oil palm planting year Presence of galls in D. ovalifolium
1 6,7073 ‒74,0007 Puerto Parra (Santander) 2013 +
2 6,7073 ‒73,9994 Puerto Parra (Santander) 2012 +
3 6,7722 ‒74,0502 Puerto Parra (Santander) 2013 +
4 6,9736 ‒73,6815 Barrancabermeja (Santander) 2012 +
5 6,9066 ‒73,6816 San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander) 2007 +
6 6,9823 ‒73,6232 San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander) 2004 +
7 7,0328 ‒73,5576 San Vicente de Chucurí (Santander) 2010 ‒
8 7,2072 ‒73,5793 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 2013 +
9 7,2636 ‒73,5804 Rio Negro (Santander) 2012 ‒
10 7,6562 ‒73,5765 Rio Negro (Santander) 2012 ‒
11 7,2308 ‒73,5588 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2001 +
12 7,1554 ‒73,5183 Girón (Santander) 2014 ‒
13 7,1655 ‒73,5009 Girón (Santander) 2013 ‒
14 7,3257 ‒73,5661 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2007 ‒
15 7,3862 ‒73,5256 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2013 +
16 6,7806 ‒73,9080 Simacota (Santander) 2010 ‒
17 6,7781 ‒73,9042 Simacota (Santander) 2010 ‒
18 6,7923 ‒73,7590 Simacota (Santander) 1999 +
19 7,3116 ‒73,8327 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 2014 +
20 7,3000 ‒73,8793 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 2010 ‒
21 7,2451 ‒73,8438 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 1997 +
22 7,2836 ‒73,7143 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 2006 +
23 7,3301 ‒73,6687 Puerto Wilches (Santander) 2009 +
24 7,2260 ‒73,5466 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2013 ‒
25 7,2340 ‒73,5445 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2013 ‒
26 7,7864 ‒73,4530 San Alberto (Cesar) 2008 ‒
27 7,7864 ‒73,4538 San Alberto (Cesar) 2009 ‒
28 7,6551 ‒73,3853 La Esperanza (Norte de Santander) 2008 +
29 7,7678 ‒73,4023 San Alberto (Cesar) 2005 +
30 7,2159 ‒73,5777 Sabana de Torres (Santander) 2008 +
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