Treatment (total kg N/ha) | At plantinga | 5 WAPb | 7 WAP |
---|---|---|---|
N rate (kg/ha) per timing | |||
168 | 84 | 42 | 42 |
224 | 112 | 56 | 56 |
280 | 140 | 70 | 70 |
336 | 168 | 84 | 84 |
392 | 196 | 98 | 98 |
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate (kg N/ha) | Pmb | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf |
Bacterivores | Fungivores | |||||||
168 | 192 b | 719 b | 1,615 | 1,246 | 89 | 144 bc | 452 | 327 |
224 | 223 b | 768 b | 1,939 | 1,150 | 79 | 101 c | 389 | 191 |
280 | 259 ab | 703 b | 1,980 | 1,274 | 83 | 108 c | 355 | 248 |
336 | 360 a | 1877 a | 2,396 | 1,186 | 116 | 229 ab | 565 | 226 |
392 | 305 ab | 1,124 ab | 2,109 | 1,431 | 106 | 276 a | 393 | 335 |
|
|
|||||||
168 | 97 b | 362 b | 757 | 413 | 7 | 23 b | 67 | 21 |
224 | 100 ab | 361 b | 899 | 466 | 6 | 24 b | 55 | 0 |
280 | 113 b | 251 b | 1,017 | 450 | 8 | 17 b | 45 | 31 |
336 | 193 a | 872 a | 1,182 | 428 | 11 | 36 ab | 48 | 10 |
392 | 165 ab | 487 ab | 984 | 526 | 13 | 49 a | 96 | 30 |
|
|
|||||||
168 | 25 | 38 | 468 | 295 | 33 b | 99 bc | 102 | 187 |
224 | 41 | 95 | 439 | 189 | 44 ab | 61 c | 108 | 90 |
280 | 54 | 31 | 534 | 331 | 36 b | 87 bc | 121 | 139 |
336 | 58 | 87 | 555 | 269 | 61 a | 184 ab | 207 | 89 |
392 | 33 | 97 | 570 | 190 | 51 ab | 214 a | 118 | 178 |
Organic production | Conventional production | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||
Rate (kg N/ha) | Pmb | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf |
Herbivores | ||||||||
168 | 80 | 648 | 860 | 260 | 13 | 13 | 80 | 648 |
224 | 87 | 567 | 804 | 359 | 7 | 4 | 87 | 567 |
280 | 85 | 310 | 821 | 312 | 7 | 5 | 85 | 310 |
336 | 92 | 511 | 950 | 367 | 4 | 3 | 92 | 511 |
392 | 75 | 500 | 872 | 350 | 5 | 3 | 75 | 500 |
|
||||||||
168 | 48 | 258 | 342 | 187 | 10 | 10 | 48 | 258 |
224 | 49 | 243 | 332 | 291 | 3 | 2 | 49 | 243 |
280 | 65 | 194 | 436 | 194 | 4 | 3 | 65 | 194 |
336 | 58 | 212 | 446 | 221 | 4 | 1 | 58 | 212 |
392 | 50 | 211 | 444 | 187 | 4 | 2 | 50 | 211 |
|
||||||||
168 | 1 | 0 | 29 b | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
224 | 2 | 3 | 41 b | 28 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
280 | 0 | 6 | 98 a | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
336 | 0 | 0 | 49 b | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
392 | 0 | 8 | 49 b | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
-----------Organic---------- | -------Conventional--------- | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nematode genera | Feeding group | cp value | Relative abundancea | Mean abundanceb | Relative abundance | Mean abundance |
|
Bacterivore | 1 | 25.95% | 506 | 14.38% | 79 |
|
Bacterivore | 1 | 1.67% | 33 | 0.03% | 0 |
|
Bacterivore | 1 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.14% | 1 |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 11.27% | 220 | 56.71% | 310 |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 9.31% | 182 | 1.07% | 6 |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 9.08% | 177 | 7.49% | 41 |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 0.74% | 14 | 0.08% | 0 |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 0.15% | 3 | N/A | N/A |
|
Bacterivore | 2 | 0.12% | 2 | 0.31% | 2 |
|
Fungivore | 2 | 5.91% | 115 | 0.77% | 4 |
|
Fungivore | 2 | 3.92% | 77 | 6.21% | 34 |
|
Fungivore | 2 | 3.26% | 64 | 5.00% | 27 |
|
Fungivore | 2 | 0.36% | 7 | 0.07% | 0 |
|
Fungivore | 3 | 0.23% | 4 | 0.10% | 1 |
|
Herbivore | 2 | 3.21% | 63 | 0.08% | 0 |
|
Herbivore | 2 | 0.89% | 17 | 0.02% | 0 |
|
Herbivore | 3 | 11.45% | 223 | 4.62% | 25 |
|
Herbivore | 3 | 6.52% | 127 | 0.24% | 1 |
|
Herbivore | 3 | 0.18% | 4 | 0.82% | 4 |
|
Herbivore | 4 | 0.23% | 5 | 0.28% | 2 |
|
Herbivore | 5 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.16% | 1 |
|
Omnivore | 4 | 1.48% | 29 | 0.36% | 2 |
|
Omnivore | 4 | 0.36% | 7 | N/A | N/A |
|
Omnivore | 4 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.04% | 0 |
|
Omnivore | 5 | 2.94% | 57 | 0.33% | 2 |
|
Omnivore | 5 | 0.04% | 1 | N/A | N/A |
|
Predator | 2 | N/A | N/A | 0.50% | 3 |
|
Predator | 5 | 0.13% | 3 | 0.02% | 0 |
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate (kg N/ha) | Pmb | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf | Pm | Pf |
Bacterivores | Fungivores | |||||||
168 | 95 | 220 ab | 351 | 756 b | 10 | 15 b | 94 | 106 b |
224 | 119 | 156 b | 706 | 1,563 a | 19 | 15 b | 203 | 194 a |
280 | 89 | 216 ab | 542 | 967 b | 7 | 29 a | 148 | 93 b |
336 | 93 | 273 a | 356 | 770 b | 10 | 10 b | 140 | 111 b |
392 | 84 | 316 a | 280 | 829 b | 7 | 13 b | 61 | 51 b |
|
|
|||||||
168 | 2 | 2 | 131 | 73 | 9 | 7 | 70 | 42 |
224 | 2 | 2 | 359 | 214 | 14 | 8 | 138 | 56 |
280 | 4 | 2 | 240 | 149 | 6 | 14 | 99 | 46 |
336 | 1 | 3 | 103 | 116 | 8 | 7 | 53 | 23 |
392 | 2 | 3 | 60 | 108 | 5 | 6 | 45 | 26 |
|
|
|||||||
168 | 89 | 214 ab | 186 | 623 | 1 | 4 | 20 | 62 b |
224 | 115 | 152 b | 295 | 933 | 4 | 5 | 52 | 134 a |
280 | 82 | 211 ab | 277 | 695 | 1 | 10 | 43 | 46 b |
336 | 89 | 267 a | 210 | 587 | 0 | 1 | 53 | 69 ab |
392 | 80 | 311 a | 196 | 597 | 1 | 5 | 15 | 23 b |
Year 1 (2016–2017) | |||||||||||||||||
Date | 20 Oct | 28 Nov | 13 Dec | 20 Dec | 27 Dec | 3 Jan | 10 Jan | 17 Jan | 24 Jan | 31 Jan | 7 Feb | 14 Feb | 20 Feb | 28 Feb | 7 Mar | 14 Mar | 21 Mar |
DAPa: |
|
30 | 45 | 52 | 59 | 66 | 73 | 80 | 87 | 94 | 101 | 108 | 114 | 122 | 129 | 136 | 143 |
Treatment (total kg N/ha) | -----------------------------------------N applied each date (kg/ha)-------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||||||||
168 | 28.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | ||||||||
224 | 28.0 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | ||||||||
280 | 28.0 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | ||||||||
336 | 28.0 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | |
392 | 28.0 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | |
Year 2 (2017–2018) | |||||||||||||||||
Date: | 27 Oct | 4 Dec | 18 Dec | 21 Dec | 28 Dec | 4 Jan | 11 Jan | 16 Jan | 25 Jan | 1 Feb | 8 Feb | 13 Feb | 22 Feb | 1 Mar | 8 Mar | 13 Mar | 22 Mar |
DAP: | ‒6 | 32 | 46 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 | 75 | 84 | 91 | 98 | 103 | 112 | 119 | 126 | 131 | 140 |
Treatment (total kg N/ha) | -----------------------------------------N applied each date (kg/ha)-------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||||||||
168 | 28.0 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 17.5 | ||||||||
224 | 28.0 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | 24.5 | ||||||||
280 | 28.0 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | 31.5 | ||||||||
336 | 28.0 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | |
392 | 28.0 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 |
Year 1 (2016–2017) | Year 2 (2017–2018) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Conventional | Organic | Conventional | Organic |
Soil fumigation | 9 Sep (‒50) | N/Aa | 13 Oct (‒21) | N/A |
Date planted | 29 Oct (0) | 14 Nov (0)b | 2 Nov (0) | 15 Nov (0) |
Date harvested | 10–11 Apr (170) | 17 Apr (161) | 19–20 Apr (168) | 20 Apr (155) |
Midseason soil sampling | 16 Dec (48) | 6 Jan (53) | 2 Jan (61) | 2 Jan (48) |
Harvest soil sampling | 28 Mar (157) | 28 Mar (141) | 13 Mar (131) | 13 Mar (118) |
Organic production | Conventional production | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||
Rate (kg N/ha) | Vmb | Vf | Vm | Vf | Vm | Vf | Vm | Vf |
Structure index | ||||||||
168 | 37 | 50 | 27 | 25 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 1.5 |
224 | 26 | 50 | 36 | 37 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6.6 |
280 | 34 | 48 | 37 | 28 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9.4 |
336 | 28 | 46 | 29 | 24 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 4.4 |
392 | 20 | 37 | 18 | 33 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 0.3 |
Enrichment index | ||||||||
168 | 72 ab | 76 | 73 | 73 | 13 | 10 | 65 | 35 |
224 | 70 b | 71 | 72 | 73 | 18 | 11 | 61 | 42 |
280 | 70 ab | 69 | 77 | 72 | 19 | 13 | 66 | 41 |
336 | 76 a | 81 | 74 | 76 | 10 | 6 | 59 | 43 |
392 | 75 a | 76 | 74 | 76 | 12 | 8 | 54 | 37 |
Hill’s N1 diversity-genera | ||||||||
168 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 3.1 |
224 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 5.4 | 4.0 |
280 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 5.2 | 4.0 |
336 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 7.1 | 4.0 |
392 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 2.8 |
Hill’s N1 diversity-guild | ||||||||
168 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 4.5 |
224 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 4.6 |
280 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.4 |
336 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 |
392 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 |