The reality of the simulation session | 4.25 ± 0.58 | 4.37 ± 0.62 | 4.12 ± 0.50 | 0.466 |
Knowledge gain during preparation period | 4.50 ± 0.63 | 3.87 ± 0.88 | 4.19 ± 0.65 | 0.065 |
Knowledge gain during simulation session | 4.00 ± 0.63 | 4.31 ± 0.47 | 4.19 ± 0.54 | 0.287 |
Knowledge gain during debriefing | 4.31 ± 0.70 | 4.37 ± 0.50 | 4.31 ± 0.70 | 0.951 |
Overall adequate knowledge gain | 4.18 ± 0.54 | 4.12 ± 0.62 | 4.06 ± 0.44 | 0.808 |
Overall satisfaction | 4.37 ± 0.50 | 4.31 ± 0.47 | 4.18 ± 0.46 | 0.511 |
Teacher group | 3.12 ± 0.39, | 2.06 ± 0.73, | 1.06 ± 0.62, |
Hot-seat group | 1.23 ± 0.39, | 1.06 ± 0.49, | 0.18 ± 0.51, |
Observer group | 1.37 ± 0.65, | 1.19 ± 0.61, | 0.19 ± 0.52, |
Pretest score | 13.93 ± 1.48 | 14.41 ± 1.94 | 13.37 ± 2.39 | 0.338 |
Posttest score | 17.06 ± 1.23 | 15.64 ± 1.54 | 14.75 ± 2.57 | 0.004 |
Retention test score | 16.00 ± 2.00 | 15.47 ± 1.87 | 14.56 ± 2.16 | 0.135 |
g1 | 0.51 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.32 | 0.17 ± 0.47 | 0.012 |
g2 | 0.28 ± 0.44 | 0.12 ± 0.43 | 0.10 ± 0.57 | 0.529 |
Age (years) | ||||
25–30 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 0.35 |
>30 | 1 | |||
Sex | ||||
Male | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.99 |
Female | 14 | 15 | 14 | |
Grade point average | ||||
2.5–3.0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.86 |
3.0–3.5 | 12 | 11 | 10 | |
>3.5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
Postgraduate year | ||||
2 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 0.38 |
3 | 7 | 11 | 7 | |
Simulation experience | ||||
1–2 times | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0.52 |
3–5 times | 12 | 11 | 10 | |
>5 times | 3 | 4 | 6 |