Cite

Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19(6), 716–723. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705 Search in Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. Rinehart and Winston. Search in Google Scholar

Breslau, N., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). The stressor criterion in DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder: An empirical investigation. Biological Psychiatry, 50(9), 699–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01167-2 Search in Google Scholar

Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V. (2014). Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 46(3), 904–911. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0403-5 Search in Google Scholar

Campbell, B., & Manning, J. (2018). The rise of victimhood culture: Microaggressions, safe spaces, and the new culture wars. Springer. Search in Google Scholar

Dakin, B. C., McGrath, M. J., Rhee, J. J., & Haslam, N. (2023). Broadened concepts of harm appear less serious. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14, 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221076692 Search in Google Scholar

Dubossarsky, H., Weinshall, D., & Grossman, E. (2017). Outta control: Laws of semantic change and inherent biases in word representation models. Proceedings of the 2017 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (pp. 1136–1145). Search in Google Scholar

Fabiano, F., & Haslam, N. (2020). Diagnostic inflation in the DSM: A meta-analysis of changes in the stringency of psychiatric diagnosis from DSM-III to DSM-5. Clinical Psychology Review, 80, 101889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101889 Search in Google Scholar

Firth, J. (1957). A synopsis of linguistic theory, 1930-55. Blackwell. Search in Google Scholar

Furedi, F. (2004). Therapy culture: Cultivating vulnerability in an uncertain age. Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Furedi, F. (2018). How fear works: Culture of fear in the twenty-first century. Bloomsbury Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Gablasova, D., Brezina, V., & McEnery, T. (2017). Collocations in corpus-based language learning research: Identifying, comparing, and interpreting the evidence. Language Learning, 67(S1), 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12225 Search in Google Scholar

Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral foundations theory. In P. Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 55–130). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4 Search in Google Scholar

Granger, C. W. (1980). Testing for causality: A personal viewpoint. Journal of Economic Dynamics and control, 2, 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(80)90069-X Search in Google Scholar

Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2009). Moral typecasting: Divergent perceptions of moral agents and moral patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3), 505–520. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013748 Search in Google Scholar

Gross, N. (2016, December 16). Are Americans experiencing collective trauma?. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/opinion/sunday/are-americans-experiencing-collective-trauma.html?searchResultPosition=4 Search in Google Scholar

Hamilton, W. L., Leskovec, J., & Jurafsky, D. (2016). Diachronic word embeddings reveal statistical laws of semantic change. Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers, pp. 1489–1501). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/P16-1141 Search in Google Scholar

Harris, Z. S. (1954). Distributional structure. WORD, 10(2–3), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1954.11659520 Search in Google Scholar

Haslam, N. (2016). Concept creep: Psychology’s expanding concepts of harm and pathology. Psychological Inquiry, 27(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2016.1082418 Search in Google Scholar

Haslam, N., Dakin, B. C., Fabiano, F., McGrath, M. J., Rhee, J., Vylomova, E., Weaving, M., & Wheeler, M. A. (2020). Harm inflation: Making sense of concept creep. European Review of Social Psychology, 31(1), 254–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1796080 Search in Google Scholar

Haslam, N., & McGrath, M. J. (2020). The creeping concept of trauma. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 87(3), 509–531. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/773952 Search in Google Scholar

Haslam, N., Vylomova, E., Zyphur, M., & Kashima, Y. (2021). The cultural dynamics of concept creep. American Psychologist, 76(6), 1013–1026. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000847. Search in Google Scholar

Honnibal, M., & Montani, I. (2017). spaCy 2: Natural language understanding with Bloom embeddings, convolutional neural networks and incremental parsing. https://github.com/xtrancea/spaCy Search in Google Scholar

Hopper, P. J., & Traugott, E. (1993). Grammaticalization. Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Horwitz, A. V., & Wakefield, J. C. (2007). The loss of sadness: How psychiatry transformed normal sorrow into depressive disorder. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Horwitz, A. V., & Wakefield, J. C. (2012). All we have to fear: Psychiatry’s transformation of natural anxieties into mental disorders. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., List, J.-M., Puryear, C., Drabble, R., & Lindquist, K. A. (2021). From text to thought: How analyzing language can advance psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211004899 Search in Google Scholar

Jones, P. J., & McNally, R. J. (2022). Does broadening one’s concept of trauma undermine resilience? Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(S1), S131–S139. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001063 Search in Google Scholar

Lees, A. B. (2018). Yes, you can be traumatized by the media! Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/surviving-thriving/201810/yesyou-can-be-traumatized-the-media Search in Google Scholar

Long, M. E., & Elhai, J. D. (2009). Posttraumatic stress disorder’s traumatic stressor criterion: History, controversy, and clinical and legal implications. Psychological Injury and Law, 2(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-009-9043-6 Search in Google Scholar

Lüdtke, O., & Robitzsch, A. (2022). A comparison of different approaches for estimating cross-lagged effects from a causal inference perspective. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 29(6), 888–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2022.2065278 Search in Google Scholar

McGrath, M. J., Randall-Dzerdz, K., Wheeler, M. A., Murphy, S., & Haslam, N. (2019). Concept creepers: Individual differences in harm-related concepts and their correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, 147, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.015 Search in Google Scholar

McNally, R. J. (2016). The expanding empire of psychopathology: The case of PTSD. Psychological Inquiry, 27(1), 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2016.1108168 Search in Google Scholar

Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. Viking Books. Search in Google Scholar

R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/ Search in Google Scholar

StataCorp (2021). Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. StataCorp LLC. Search in Google Scholar

Sunstein, C. R. (2018). The power of the normal. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3239204 Search in Google Scholar

Tahmasebi, N., Borin, L., & Jatowt, A. (2018). Survey of computational approaches to lexical semantic change detection. arXiv e-prints 1811.06278. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv181106278T Search in Google Scholar

Tully, J., Bhugra, D., Lewis, S. J., Drennan, G., & Markham, S. (2021). Is PTSD overdiagnosed? BMJ, 373, n787. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n787 Search in Google Scholar

Vassell, N. (2020, June 17). ‘Like death by a thousand cuts’: How microaggressions play a traumatic part in everyday racism. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/microaggression-meaning-definition-racism-black-lives-matter-george-floyd-a9568506.html Search in Google Scholar

Vylomova, E., & Haslam, N. (2021). Semantic changes in harm-related concepts in English. In N. Tahmasebi, L. Borin, A. Jatowt, Y. Xu, & S. Hengchen (Eds.), Computational approaches to semantic change. Language Science Press. Search in Google Scholar

Vylomova, E., Murphy, S., & Haslam, N. (2019). Evaluation of semantic change of harm-related concepts in psychology. In N. Tahmasebi, L. Borin, A. Jatowt, & Y. Xu (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change (pp. 29–34). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W19-4704 Search in Google Scholar

Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1191–1207. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x Search in Google Scholar

Weathers, F. W., & Keane, T. M. (2007). The criterion a problem revisited: Controversies and challenges in defining and measuring psychological trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(2), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20210 Search in Google Scholar

Wheeler, M. A., McGrath, M. J., & Haslam, N. (2019). Twentieth century morality: The rise and fall of moral concepts from 1900 to 2007. PLOS One, 14(2), e0212267. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212267 Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2083-8506
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Social Sciences, Psychology, Applied Psychology