Assessment of health-related quality of life in Thai patients after heart surgery

Domain/instrument	Mean	SD	Median	Range	% Floor	% Ceiling
SF-12 Domain/Summary Scores
Physical functioning	80.96	24.38	100.00	0.00–100.00	2.3	51.8
Role physical	70.01	25.10	75.00	0.00–100.00	1.6	26.2
Bodily pain	79.40	21.92	75.00	0.00–100.00	0.5	44.6
General health	62.30	24.88	60.00	0.00–100.00	0.3	8.5
Vitality	75.52	23.28	75.00	25.00–100.00	0.0	39.9
Social functioning	90.35	19.63	100.00	0.00–100.00	0.8	76.4
Role emotional	85.17	19.31	100.00	0.00–100.00	0.3	51.0
Mental health	76.17	19.08	75.00	25.00–100.00	2.1	21.8
Physical component summary	46.91	7.99	47.83	17.41–69.88	0	0
Mental component summary	54.44	8.41	55.68	20.04–68.89	0	0
Health Utility Scores
EQ-5D	0.81	0.19	0.74	0.10–1.00	0	43.0
EQ-VAS	0.84	0.13	0.80	0.50–1.00	0	23.3

Comparison of 8 domains and 2 summary scores of SF-12v2 between the Thai sample and the US general population [ref. 9]

Domain/summary component	Thai sample after heart surgery	U.S. general population	Difference (Thai – US)
Physical functioning	80.96 ± 24.38	81.18 ± 29.10	−0.22
Role physical	70.01 ± 25.10	80.53 ± 27.13	−10.52 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Bodily pain	79.40 ± 21.92	81.74 ± 24.53	−2.34 P < 0.05
General health	62.31 ± 24.89	72.20 ± 23.19	−9.89 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Vitality	75.51 ± 23.28	55.59 ± 24.84	19.92 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Social functioning	90.35 ± 19.63	83.74 ± 24.76	6.61 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Role emotional	85.17 ± 19.31	86.41 ± 22.35	−1.24
Mental health	76.17 ± 19.08	70.18 ± 20.50	5.99 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Physical component summary	46.91 ± 7.99	50 ± 10	−3.09 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)
Mental component summary	54.44 ± 8.41	50 ± 10	4.44 P < 0.01 (one-sample t test)

Analysis of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, Physical and Mental Component Summary scores based on patient characteristics

Characteristic	n = 386	EQ-5D	EQ-VAS	PCS	MCS
		mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Age (median)
≤52 years	201	0.81 ± 0.17	0.86 ± 0.12 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	48.73 ± 7.08 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	54.15 ± 8.35
>52 years	185	0.80 ± 0.20	0.81 ± 0.14	44.94 ± 8.46	54.75 ± 8.49
Sex
female	195	0.77 ± 0.18 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	0.84 ± 0.14	45.81 ± 8.34 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	53.72 ± 8.18
male	191	0.84 ± 0.19	0.83 ± 0.13	48.03 ± 7.47	55.17 ± 8.61
Work status
unemployed	156	0.76 ± 0.21 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	0.79 ± 0.14 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	44.31 ± 8.87 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	53.20 ± 8.83 P < 0.05
employed	230	0.84 ± 0.16	0.86 ± 0.12	48.68 ± 6.81	55.28 ± 8.03
Comorbidity
no	215	0.84 ± 0.17 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	0.86 ± 0.13 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	48.15 ± 7.82 P < 0.01 (independent t test)	55.31 ± 8.22 P < 0.05
yes	171	0.77 ± 0.19	0.81 ± 0.14	45.35 ± 7.95	53.33 ± 8.54

Comparison of EQ-5D domains between Thai patients after the heart surgery and the Thai general population [ref. 13]

Domain	Thai patients after heart surgery (n = 386)	Thai general population (n = 1,409)	P Calculated by collapsing cells to compare ‘no problems’ vs. ‘with problems’.
1. Mobility
No problem walking	349 (90.4%)	1038 (73.6%)	0.000 P < 0.01 (Chi-squared test)
Some problem walking	37 (9.6%)	364 (25.8%)
Confined to bed	0	7 (0.6%)
2. Self-care
No problem	371 (96.1%)	1287 (91.4%)	0.002 P < 0.01 (Chi-squared test)
Some problems washing or dressing self	14 (3.6%)	104 (7.4%)
Unable to wash or dress self	1 (0.3%)	18 (1.3%)
3. Usual activities (e.g. work, study, housework, family or leisure activities)
No problem	242 (62.7%)	1089 (77.3%)	0.000 P < 0.01 (Chi-squared test)
Some problem	137 (35.5%)	281 (19.9%)
Unable to perform	7 (1.8%)	39 (2.8%)
4. Pain/discomfort
No pain or discomfort	245 (63.5%)	493 (35.0%)	0.000 P < 0.01 (Chi-squared test)
Moderate	140 (36.3%)	885 (62.8%)
Extreme	1 (0.3%)	31 (2.2%)
5. Anxiety/depression
Not anxious or depressed	310 (80.3%)	741 (52.6%)	0.000 P < 0.01 (Chi-squared test)
Moderate	73 (18.9%)	633 (44.9%)
Extreme	3 (0.8%)	35 (2.5%)

Relationships between eight domains and two component summary scores of SF-12v2 and EQ-5D and EQ-VAS

Predictor	EQ-5D		EQ-VAS

	Unstandardized coefficient	P	Unstandardized coefficient	P
Constant	0.156	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.432	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
Physical functioning	0.001	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.002	0.001 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
Role physical	0.001	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.000	0.296
Bodily pain	0.002	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.001	0.048 P < 0.05
General health	0.002	0.004 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.001	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
Vitality	0.001	0.020 P < 0.05	0.001	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
Social functioning	0.000	0.795	0.000	0.190
Role emotional	0.001	0.062	0.001	0.135
Mental health	0.001	0.006 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.000	0.626
Adjusted R2	49.1%	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	39.7%	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)

Constant	−0.317	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.118	0.015 P < 0.05
PCS	0.014	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.009	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
MCS	0.009	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	0.006	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)
Adjusted R2	48.3%	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)	37.8%	0.000 P < 0.01 (multiple linear regression analysis using the ‘enter’ method)

Patients’ characteristics (n = 386)

Characteristics	Value
Age (years)
mean ± SD	50.4 ± 13.7
median	52
range	17–82
Sex, male; n (%)	191 (49.5)
Employment status, employed; n (%)	230 (59.6)
Monthly income (US$)
mean ± SD	226 ± 352
median	121
range	3–3,030
Underlying diseases Patients may have more than one underlying disease
hypertension; n (%)	90 (23.3)
hyperlipidemia; n (%)	43 (11.1)
diabetes; n (%)	40 (10.4)
stroke; n (%)	7 (1.8)
kidney disease; n (%)	5 (1.3)
asthma; n (%)	5 (1.3)
other diseases; n (%)	84 (21.8)
Number of comorbidities
mean ± SD	0.7 ± 1.0
median	0
range	0–5

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Assessment of health-related quality of life in Thai patients after heart surgery

Article Category: Brief communication (Original)

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 203 - 210

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0902.388

Keywords
EQ-5D, health-related quality of life, health utility, heart surgery, SF-12, Thailand

© 2017 Phantipa Sakthong, Vijj Kasemsup, Win Winit-Watjana

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Descriptive statistics of SF-12v2, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS

Comparison of 8 domains and 2 summary scores of SF-12v2 between the Thai sample and the US general population [ref. 9]

Analysis of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, Physical and Mental Component Summary scores based on patient characteristics

Comparison of EQ-5D domains between Thai patients after the heart surgery and the Thai general population [ref. 13]

Relationships between eight domains and two component summary scores of SF-12v2 and EQ-5D and EQ-VAS

Patients’ characteristics (n = 386)

Assessment of health-related quality of life in Thai patients after heart surgery

Article Category: Brief communication (Original)

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 203 - 210

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0902.388

KeywordsEQ-5D, health-related quality of life, health utility, heart surgery, SF-12, Thailand

© 2017 Phantipa Sakthong, Vijj Kasemsup, Win Winit-Watjana

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Descriptive statistics of SF-12v2, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS

Comparison of 8 domains and 2 summary scores of SF-12v2 between the Thai sample and the US general population [ref. 9]

Analysis of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, Physical and Mental Component Summary scores based on patient characteristics

Comparison of EQ-5D domains between Thai patients after the heart surgery and the Thai general population [ref. 13]

Relationships between eight domains and two component summary scores of SF-12v2 and EQ-5D and EQ-VAS

Patients’ characteristics (n = 386)

Keywords
EQ-5D, health-related quality of life, health utility, heart surgery, SF-12, Thailand