<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<sec><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>High workplace/ambient temperatures have been associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APO). Millions of women working in developing nations suffer due to the rising temperatures caused by climate change. There are few pieces of research linking occupational heat stress to APO, and fresh evidence is required.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>We used databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to search for research on high ambient/workplace temperatures and their effects. Original articles, newsletters, and book chapters were examined. The literature we analysed was categorised as follows: Heat, strain, and physical activity harming both mother and fetus. After categorising the literature, it was examined to identify the major results.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>We found a definite association between heat stress and APOs such as miscarriages, premature birth, stillbirth, low birthweight, and congenital abnormalities in 23 research articles. Our work provides important information for future research into the biological mechanisms that create APOs and various prevention measures.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Our data suggest that temperature has long-term and short-term effects on maternal and fetal health. Though small in number, this study stressed the need for bigger cohort studies in tropical developing countries to create evidence for coordinated policies to safeguard pregnant women.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
High workplace/ambient temperatures have been associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APO). Millions of women working in developing nations suffer due to the rising temperatures caused by climate change. There are few pieces of research linking occupational heat stress to APO, and fresh evidence is required.

Methodology
We used databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct to search for research on high ambient/workplace temperatures and their effects. Original articles, newsletters, and book chapters were examined. The literature we analysed was categorised as follows: Heat, strain, and physical activity harming both mother and fetus. After categorising the literature, it was examined to identify the major results.

Results
We found a definite association between heat stress and APOs such as miscarriages, premature birth, stillbirth, low birthweight, and congenital abnormalities in 23 research articles. Our work provides important information for future research into the biological mechanisms that create APOs and various prevention measures.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that temperature has long-term and short-term effects on maternal and fetal health. Though small in number, this study stressed the need for bigger cohort studies in tropical developing countries to create evidence for coordinated policies to safeguard pregnant women.

A Comprehensive Review on Hot Ambient Temperature and its Impacts on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Department of Environmental Health Engineering

Centre for Environmental Studies, College of Engineering Guindy

Journal of Mother and Child

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Introduction
High workplace/ambient temperatures have been associated with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (APO). Millions of women working in developing nations...

A Comprehensive Review on Hot Ambient Temperature and its Impacts on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Jun 27, 2023

Page range: 10 - 20

Received: Aug 28, 2022

Accepted: Dec 18, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-22-00051

Keywords
Heat stress, Physical exertion, Physiological strain, Pregnancy outcomes, Low birthweight, Spontaneous abortion, Recommendation

© 2023 Shanmugam Rekha et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

A Comprehensive Review on Hot Ambient Temperature and its Impacts on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Jun 27, 2023

Page range: 10 - 20

Received: Aug 28, 2022

Accepted: Dec 18, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-22-00051

KeywordsHeat stress, Physical exertion, Physiological strain, Pregnancy outcomes, Low birthweight, Spontaneous abortion, Recommendation

© 2023 Shanmugam Rekha et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Heat stress, Physical exertion, Physiological strain, Pregnancy outcomes, Low birthweight, Spontaneous abortion, Recommendation