Analysis of the Class 1 Integrons, Carbapenemase Genes and Biofilm Formation Genes Occurrence in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates

Aliramezani A, Douraghi M, Hajihasani A, Mohammadzadeh M, Rahbar M. Clonal relatedness and biofilm formation of OXA-23--producing carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environment. Microb Pathog. 2016 Oct;99:204–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.034 Aliramezani A Douraghi M Hajihasani A Mohammadzadeh M Rahbar M. Clonal relatedness and biofilm formation of OXA-23--producing carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environment . Microb Pathog . 2016 Oct ; 99 : 204 – 208 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.034 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Azizi O, Shahcheraghi F, Salimizand H, Modarresi F, Shakibaie MR, Mansouri Sh, Ramazanzadeh R, Badmasti F, Nikbin V. Molecular analysis and expression of bap gene in biofilm-forming multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Rep Biochem Mol Biol. 2016 Oct; 5(1):62–72. Azizi O Shahcheraghi F Salimizand H Modarresi F Shakibaie MR Mansouri Sh Ramazanzadeh R Badmasti F Nikbin V. Molecular analysis and expression of bap gene in biofilm-forming multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii . Rep Biochem Mol Biol . 2016 Oct ; 5 ( 1 ): 62 – 72 . Search in Google Scholar

Barraud O, Ploy MC. Diversity of class 1 integron gene cassette rearrangements selected under antibiotic pressure. J Bacteriol. 2015 Jul;197(13):2171–2178. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.02455-14 Barraud O Ploy MC. Diversity of class 1 integron gene cassette rearrangements selected under antibiotic pressure . J Bacteriol . 2015 Jul ; 197 ( 13 ): 2171 – 2178 . https://doi.org/ 10.1128/JB.02455-14 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cai X, Hu Z, Li J, Li Y, Tian B. [Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from bloodstream infections: PFGE characterization and virulence-associated factors] (in Chinese). Chin J Lab Med. 2017 Mar;40(3):201–205. Cai X Hu Z Li J Li Y Tian B. [Clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from bloodstream infections: PFGE characterization and virulence-associated factors] (in Chinese) . Chin J Lab Med . 2017 Mar ; 40 ( 3 ): 201 – 205 . Search in Google Scholar

Chukamnerd A, Singkhamanan K, Chongsuvivatwong V, Palittapongarnpim P, Doi Y, Pomwised R, Sakunrang C, Jeenkeawpiam K, Yingkajorn M, Chusri S, et al. Whole-genome analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from clinical isolates in Southern Thailand. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022 Jan;20:545–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.038 Chukamnerd A Singkhamanan K Chongsuvivatwong V Palittapongarnpim P Doi Y Pomwised R Sakunrang C Jeenkeawpiam K Yingkajorn M Chusri S . Whole-genome analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from clinical isolates in Southern Thailand . Comput Struct Biotechnol J . 2022 Jan ; 20 : 545 – 558 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.038 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 31st ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne (USA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2021. CLSI . Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing . 31^st ed . CLSI supplement M100. Wayne (USA) : Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ; 2021 . Search in Google Scholar

Couvé-Deacon E, Jové T, Afouda P, Barraud O, Tilloy V, Scaon E, Hervé B, Burucoa C, Kempf M, Marcos JY, et al. Class 1 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii: A weak expression of gene cassettes to counterbalance the lack of LexA-driven integrase repression. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019 Apr;53(4):491–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.012 Couvé-Deacon E Jové T Afouda P Barraud O Tilloy V Scaon E Hervé B Burucoa C Kempf M Marcos JY . Class 1 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii: A weak expression of gene cassettes to counterbalance the lack of LexA-driven integrase repression . Int J Antimicrob Agents . 2019 Apr ; 53 ( 4 ): 491 – 499 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.012 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Dolma KG, Khati R, Paul AK, Rahmatullah M, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wilairatana P, Khandelwal B, Gupta C, Gautam D, et al. Virulence characteristics and emerging therapies for biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A review. Biology. 2022 Sep; 11(9):1343. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091343 Dolma KG Khati R Paul AK Rahmatullah M de Lourdes Pereira M Wilairatana P Khandelwal B Gupta C Gautam D . Virulence characteristics and emerging therapies for biofilm-forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A review . Biology . 2022 Sep ; 11 ( 9 ): 1343 . https://doi.org/ 10.3390/biology11091343 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

El-Ageery SM, Al-Hazmi SS. Microbiological and molecular detection of VIM-1 metallo beta lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(7):965–970. El-Ageery SM Al-Hazmi SS. Microbiological and molecular detection of VIM-1 metallo beta lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii . Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci . 2014 ; 18 ( 7 ): 965 – 970 . Search in Google Scholar

Gillings MR. Integrons: Past, present, and future. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014 Jun;78(2):257–277. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00056-13 Gillings MR. Integrons: Past, present, and future . Microbiol Mol Biol Rev . 2014 Jun ; 78 ( 2 ): 257 – 277 . https://doi.org/ 10.1128/MMBR.00056-13 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Greene C, Vadlamudi G, Newton D, Foxman B, Xi C. The influence of biofilm formation and multidrug resistance on environmental survival of clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Am J Infect Control. 2016 May;44(5):e65–e71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.12.012 Greene C Vadlamudi G Newton D Foxman B Xi C. The influence of biofilm formation and multidrug resistance on environmental survival of clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii . Am J Infect Control . 2016 May ; 44 ( 5 ) :e65–e71. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.12.012 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Harding CM, Hennon SW, Feldman MF. Uncovering the mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii virulence. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018 Feb;16(2):91–102. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.148 Harding CM Hennon SW Feldman MF. Uncovering the mechanisms of Acinetobacter baumannii virulence . Nat Rev Microbiol . 2018 Feb ; 16 ( 2 ): 91 – 102 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.148 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Huang Y, Zhou Q, Wang W, Huang Q, Liao J, Li J, Long L, Ju T, Zhang Q, Wang H, et al. Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia: Clinical efficacy of combined antimicrobial therapy and in vitro drug sensitivity test results. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Feb; 10:92. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00092 Huang Y Zhou Q Wang W Huang Q Liao J Li J Long L Ju T Zhang Q Wang H . Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia: Clinical efficacy of combined antimicrobial therapy and in vitro drug sensitivity test results . Front Pharmacol . 2019 Feb ; 10 : 92 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fphar.2019.00092 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ibrahim ME. Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: Risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2019 Jan; 18(1):1. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-018-0301-x Ibrahim ME. Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: Risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance . Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob . 2019 Jan ; 18 ( 1 ): 1 . http://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12941-018-0301-x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ibrahim S, Al-Saryi N, Al-Kadmy IMS, Aziz SN. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Oct;48(10):6987–6998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06690-6 Ibrahim S Al-Saryi N Al-Kadmy IMS Aziz SN. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as an emerging concern in hospitals . Mol Biol Rep . 2021 Oct ; 48 ( 10 ): 6987 – 6998 . https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11033-021-06690-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jia H, Sun Q, Ruan Z, Xie X. Characterization of a small plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene bla_OXA-72 from community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 880 in China. Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Jun;12:1545–1553. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S202803 Jia H Sun Q Ruan Z Xie X. Characterization of a small plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene bla_OXA-72 from community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 880 in China . Infect Drug Resist . 2019 Jun ; 12 : 1545 – 1553 . https://doi.org/ 10.2147/IDR.S202803 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khorsi K, Messai Y, Hamidi M, Ammari H, Bakour R. High prevalence of multidrug-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes bla_OXA-23-like, bla_OXA-24-like and bla_NDM-1 in Algiers hospitals. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015 Jun;8(6):438–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.011 Khorsi K Messai Y Hamidi M Ammari H Bakour R. High prevalence of multidrug-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes bla_OXA-23-like, bla_OXA-24-like and bla_NDM-1 in Algiers hospitals . Asian Pac J Trop Med . 2015 Jun ; 8 ( 6 ): 438 – 446 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.011 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khoshnood S, Sadeghifard N, Mahdian N, Heidary M, Mahdian S, Mohammadi M, Maleki A, Haddadi MH. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capacity among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients with burns and ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal. 2023 Jan;37(1):e24814. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24814 Khoshnood S Sadeghifard N Mahdian N Heidary M Mahdian S Mohammadi M Maleki A Haddadi MH. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation capacity among Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients with burns and ventilator-associated pneumonia . J Clin Lab Anal . 2023 Jan ; 37 ( 1 ) :e24814. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jcla.24814 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kim SY, Kim MH, Kim SI, Son JH, Kim S, Lee YC, Shin M, Oh MH, Lee JC. The sensor kinase BfmS controls production of outer membrane vesicles in Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol. 2019 Dec;19(1):301. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-019-1679-0 Kim SY Kim MH Kim SI Son JH Kim S Lee YC Shin M Oh MH Lee JC. The sensor kinase BfmS controls production of outer membrane vesicles in Acinetobacter baumannii . BMC Microbiol . 2019 Dec ; 19 ( 1 ): 301 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12866-019-1679-0 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lacotte Y, Ploy MC, Raherison S. Class 1 integrons are low-cost structures in Escherichia coli. ISME J. 2017 Jul;11(7):1535–1544. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.38 Lacotte Y Ploy MC Raherison S. Class 1 integrons are low-cost structures in Escherichia coli . ISME J . 2017 Jul ; 11 ( 7 ): 1535 – 1544 . https://doi.org/ 10.1038/ismej.2017.38 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Larsen MV, Cosentino S, Lukjancenko O, Saputra D, Rasmussen S, Hasman H, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Aarestrup FM, Ussery DW, Lund O. Benchmarking of methods for genomic taxonomy. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 May;52(5):1529–1539. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02981-13 Larsen MV Cosentino S Lukjancenko O Saputra D Rasmussen S Hasman H Sicheritz-Pontén T Aarestrup FM Ussery DW Lund O. Benchmarking of methods for genomic taxonomy . J Clin Microbiol . 2014 May ; 52 ( 5 ): 1529 – 1539 . https://doi.org/ 10.1128/JCM.02981-13 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lasarte-Monterrubio C, Guijarro-Sánchez P, Bellés A, Vázquez-Ucha JC, Arca-Suárez J, Fernández-Lozano C, Bou G, Beceiro A; Spanish National Study Acinetobacter spp. 2020 Group. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter junii conferred by acquisition of bla_OXA-24/40 and genetic characterization of the transmission mechanism between Acinetobacter genomic species. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Feb;10(1):e0273421. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02734-21 Lasarte-Monterrubio C Guijarro-Sánchez P Bellés A Vázquez-Ucha JC Arca-Suárez J Fernández-Lozano C Bou G Beceiro A Spanish National Study Acinetobacter spp. 2020 Group . Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter junii conferred by acquisition of bla_OXA-24/40 and genetic characterization of the transmission mechanism between Acinetobacter genomic species . Microbiol Spectr . 2022 Feb ; 10 ( 1 ) :e0273421. https://doi.org/ 10.1128/spectrum.02734-21 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lee CR, Lee JH, Park M, Park KS, Bae IK, Kim YB, Cha CJ, Jeong BC, Lee SH. Biology of Acinetobacter baumannii: Pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and prospective treatment options. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Mar;7:55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00055 Lee CR Lee JH Park M Park KS Bae IK Kim YB Cha CJ Jeong BC Lee SH. Biology of Acinetobacter baumannii: Pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and prospective treatment options . Front Cell Infect Microbiol . 2017 Mar ; 7 : 55 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00055 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Migliaccio A, Bray J, Intoccia M, Stabile M, Scala G, Jolley KA, Brisse S, Zarrilli R. Phylogenomics of Acinetobacter species and analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct;14:1264030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264030 Migliaccio A Bray J Intoccia M Stabile M Scala G Jolley KA Brisse S Zarrilli R. Phylogenomics of Acinetobacter species and analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes . Front Microbiol . 2023 Oct ; 14 : 1264030 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264030 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nikibakhsh M, Firoozeh F, Badmasti F, Kabir K, Zibaei M. Molecular study of metallo-β-lactamases and integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Aug;21(1):782. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06513-w Nikibakhsh M Firoozeh F Badmasti F Kabir K Zibaei M. Molecular study of metallo-β-lactamases and integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn patients . BMC Infect Dis . 2021 Aug ; 21 ( 1 ): 782 . https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12879-021-06513-w Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pakharukova N, Tuittila M, Paavilainen S, Malmi H, Parilova O, Teneberg S, Knight SD, Zavialov AV. Structural basis for Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018 May;115(21):5558–5563. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800961115 Pakharukova N Tuittila M Paavilainen S Malmi H Parilova O Teneberg S Knight SD Zavialov AV. Structural basis for Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2018 May ; 115 ( 21 ): 5558 – 5563 . https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.1800961115 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rodríguez-Baño J, Martí S, Soto S, Fernández-Cuenca F, Cisneros JM, Pachón J, Pascual A, Martínez-Martínez L, McQueary C, Actis LA, et al; Spanish Group for the Study of Nosocomial Infections (GEIH). Biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii: Associated features and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008 Mar;14(3):276–278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01916.x Rodríguez-Baño J Martí S Soto S Fernández-Cuenca F Cisneros JM Pachón J Pascual A Martínez-Martínez L McQueary C Actis LA Spanish Group for the Study of Nosocomial Infections (GEIH) . Biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii: Associated features and clinical implications . Clin Microbiol Infect . 2008 Mar ; 14 ( 3 ): 276 – 278 . https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01916.x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rodríguez-Martínez JM, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Genetic and functional variability of AmpC-type β-lactamases from Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Nov;54(11): 930–4933. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00427-10 Rodríguez-Martínez JM Poirel L Nordmann P. Genetic and functional variability of AmpC-type β-lactamases from Acinetobacter baumannii . Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2010 Nov ; 54 ( 11 ): 930 – 4933 . https://doi.org/ 10.1128/AAC.00427-10 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Roy S, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Basu S. Convergence of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Front Med. 2022 Mar;9:793615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.793615 Roy S Chowdhury G Mukhopadhyay AK Dutta S Basu S. Convergence of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii infection . Front Med . 2022 Mar ; 9 : 793615 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmed.2022.793615 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sun X, Ni Z, Tang J, Ding Y, Wang X, Li F. The abaI/abaR quorum sensing system effects on pathogenicity in Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol. 2021 Jul;12:679241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.679241 Sun X Ni Z Tang J Ding Y Wang X Li F. The abaI/abaR quorum sensing system effects on pathogenicity in Acinetobacter baumannii . Front Microbiol . 2021 Jul ; 12 : 679241 . https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fmicb.2021.679241 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Villegas MV, Kattan JN, Correa A, Lolans K, Guzman AM, Woodford N, Livermore D, Quinn JP. Dissemination of Acinetobacter baumannii clones with OXA-23 carbapenemase in Colombian hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jun;51(6):2001–2004. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00226-07 Villegas MV Kattan JN Correa A Lolans K Guzman AM Woodford N Livermore D Quinn JP. Dissemination of Acinetobacter baumannii clones with OXA-23 carbapenemase in Colombian hospitals . Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2007 Jun ; 51 ( 6 ): 2001 – 2004 . https://doi.org/ 10.1128/AAC.00226-07 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wang T, Zhu Y, Zhu W, Cao M, Wei Q. Molecular characterization of class 1 integrons in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates. Microb Pathog. 2023 Apr;177:106051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106051 Wang T Zhu Y Zhu W Cao M Wei Q. Molecular characterization of class 1 integrons in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales isolates . Microb Pathog . 2023 Apr ; 177 : 106051 . https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106051 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wang X, Ye Y. [The correlation analysis of the resistance and virulence genes of penicillium carbon alkene resistant Acinetobacter baumannii] (in Chinese). Chin J Antibio. 2021 Dec;46(7):699–705. Wang X Ye Y. [The correlation analysis of the resistance and virulence genes of penicillium carbon alkene resistant Acinetobacter baumannii] (in Chinese) . Chin J Antibio . 2021 Dec ; 46 ( 7 ): 699 – 705 . Search in Google Scholar

Wei Q, Hu Q, Li S, Lu H, Chen G, Shen B, Zhang P, Zhou Y. A novel functional class 2 integron in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Apr;69(4):973–976. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkt456 Wei Q Hu Q Li S Lu H Chen G Shen B Zhang P Zhou Y. A novel functional class 2 integron in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates . J Antimicrob Chemother . 2014 Apr ; 69 ( 4 ): 973 – 976 . https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jac/dkt456 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wei Q, Jiang X, Li M, Chen X, Li G, Li R, Lu Y. Transcription of integron-harboured gene cassette impacts integration efficiency in class 1 integron. Mol Microbiol. 2011 Jun;80(5):1326–1336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07648.x Wei Q Jiang X Li M Chen X Li G Li R Lu Y. Transcription of integron-harboured gene cassette impacts integration efficiency in class 1 integron . Mol Microbiol . 2011 Jun ; 80 ( 5 ): 1326 – 1336 . https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07648.x Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wei Q, Jiang X, Li M, Li G, Hu Q, Lu H, Chen G, Zhou Y, Lu Y. Diversity of gene cassette promoter variants of class 1 integrons in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol. 2013 Nov;67(5): 543–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0399-1 Wei Q Jiang X Li M Li G Hu Q Lu H Chen G Zhou Y Lu Y. Diversity of gene cassette promoter variants of class 1 integrons in uropathogenic Escherichia coli . Curr Microbiol . 2013 Nov ; 67 ( 5 ): 543 – 549 . https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00284-013-0399-1 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wick RR, Judd LM, Gorrie CL, Holt KE. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads. PLoS Comput Biol. 2017 Jun;13(6):e1005595. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595 Wick RR Judd LM Gorrie CL Holt KE. Unicycler: Resolving bacterial genome assemblies from short and long sequencing reads . PLoS Comput Biol . 2017 Jun ; 13 ( 6 ) :e1005595. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005595 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Xiao C, Cao M, Zhang L, Kong N, Wang X, Xiao L, Wei Q. [Distribution of integrons and antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains] (in Chinese). Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 2019 Apr;39(4):277–282. Xiao C Cao M Zhang L Kong N Wang X Xiao L Wei Q. [Distribution of integrons and antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains] (in Chinese) . Chin J Microbiol Immunol . 2019 Apr ; 39 ( 4 ): 277 – 282 . Search in Google Scholar

Zhang Q, Cheng X, Shen J. [Detection of carbapenemases and integrons in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii] (in Chinese). Chin J Antibiot. 2015 May;40(5):377–381. Zhang Q Cheng X Shen J. [Detection of carbapenemases and integrons in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii] (in Chinese) . Chin J Antibiot . 2015 May ; 40 ( 5 ): 377 – 381 . Search in Google Scholar