Effects of diet quantity on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra

Agudo, N. (2006). Sandfish Hatchery Techniques. WorldFish. Agudo, N. ( 2006 ). Sandfish Hatchery Techniques . WorldFish . Search in Google Scholar

Altamirano, J. P., & Noran-Baylon, R. D. (2020). Nursery culture of sandfish Holothuria scabra in sea-based floating hapa nets: Effects of initial stocking density, size grading and net replacement frequency. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 526, 735379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquaculture.2020.735379 Altamirano, J. P. , & Noran-Baylon, R. D. ( 2020 ). Nursery culture of sandfish Holothuria scabra in sea-based floating hapa nets: Effects of initial stocking density, size grading and net replacement frequency . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 526 , 735379 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735379 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735379 Search in Google Scholar

Asha, P. S., & Muthiah, P. (2005). Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 250(3-4), 823–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.075 Asha, P. S. , & Muthiah, P. ( 2005 ). Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 250 ( 3-4 ), 823 – 829 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.075 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.075 Search in Google Scholar

Axler, R., Larsen, C., Tikkanen, C., McDonald, M., Yokom, S., & Aas, P. (1996). Water quality issues associated with aquaculture: A case study in mine pit lakes. Water Environment Research, 68(6), 995–1011. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143096X128027 Axler, R. Larsen, C. Tikkanen, C. McDonald, M. Yokom, S. , & Aas, P. ( 1996 ). Water quality issues associated with aquaculture: A case study in mine pit lakes . Water Environment Research , 68 ( 6 ), 995 – 1011 . https://doi.org/10.2175/106143096X128027 10.2175/106143096X128027 Search in Google Scholar

Battaglene, S.C. (1999). Culture of tropical sea cucumbers for stock restoration and enhancement. Naga, ICLARM. Q. 22, 4 – 10 Battaglene, S.C. ( 1999 ). Culture of tropical sea cucumbers for stock restoration and enhancement . Naga, ICLARM. Q. 22 , 4 – 10 Search in Google Scholar

Broom, M., Gabr, M. H., Al-Harbi, M., & Satheesh, S. (2021a). Effect of different diets on growth of the sub-adult sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Aquaculture International, 29(6), 2403–2414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00756-9 Broom, M. Gabr, M. H. Al-Harbi, M. , & Satheesh, S. ( 2021a ). Effect of different diets on growth of the sub-adult sea cucumber Holothuria scabra . Aquaculture International , 29 ( 6 ), 2403 – 2414 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00756-9 10.1007/s10499-021-00756-9 Search in Google Scholar

Broom, M., Gabr, M. H., Al-Harbi, M., & Satheesh, S. (2021b). Effect of feeding regime and stocking density on the growth performance of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 25(3), 635–646. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2021.179978 Broom, M. Gabr, M. H. Al-Harbi, M. , & Satheesh, S. ( 2021b ). Effect of feeding regime and stocking density on the growth performance of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra . Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries , 25 ( 3 ), 635 – 646 . https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2021.179978 10.21608/ejabf.2021.179978 Search in Google Scholar

Cárcamo, P. F. (2015). Effects of food type and feeding frequency on the performance of early juveniles of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): implications for aquaculture and restocking. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 436, 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.045 Cárcamo, P. F. ( 2015 ). Effects of food type and feeding frequency on the performance of early juveniles of the sea urchin Loxechinus albus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): implications for aquaculture and restocking . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 436 , 172 – 178 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.045 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.045 Search in Google Scholar

Floren, A. S., Hayashizaki, K. I., Putchakarn, S., Tuntiprapas, P., & Prathep, A. (2021). A review of factors influencing the seagrass-sea cucumber association in tropical seagrass meadows. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 696134. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.696134 Floren, A. S. Hayashizaki, K. I. Putchakarn, S. Tuntiprapas, P. , & Prathep, A. ( 2021 ). A review of factors influencing the seagrass-sea cucumber association in tropical seagrass meadows . Frontiers in Marine Science , 8 , 696134 . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.696134 10.3389/fmars.2021.696134 Search in Google Scholar

Giraspy, D. A. B., & Ivy, G. (2008). The influence of commercial diets on growth and survival in the commercially important sea cucumber Holothuria scabra var. versicolor (Conand, 1986)(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). SPC beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 28:46-52. https://api.semanticscholar. org/CorpusID:83324577 Giraspy, D. A. B. , & Ivy, G. ( 2008 ). The influence of commercial diets on growth and survival in the commercially important sea cucumber Holothuria scabra var. versicolor (Conand, 1986)(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) . SPC beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 28 : 46 - 52 . https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83324577 Search in Google Scholar

Giraspy, D.A.B. & Walsalam, L.G. (2010). Aquaculture potential of the tropical sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra and H. lessoni in the Indo-Pacific region. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, No.30. Giraspy, D.A.B. & Walsalam, L.G. ( 2010 ). Aquaculture potential of the tropical sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra and H. lessoni in the Indo-Pacific region . SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin , No.30. Search in Google Scholar

Gorospe, J. C., Juinio-Meñez, M. A., & Southgate, P. C. (2019). Effects of shading on periphyton characteristics and performance of sandfish, Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833, juveniles. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 512, 734307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquaculture.2019.734307 Gorospe, J. C. Juinio-Meñez, M. A. , & Southgate, P. C. ( 2019 ). Effects of shading on periphyton characteristics and performance of sandfish, Holothuria scabra Jaeger 1833, juveniles . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 512 , 734307 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734307 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734307 Search in Google Scholar

Hair, C. (2012). Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) production and sea-ranching trial in Fiji. In Asia–Pacific tropical sea cucumber aquaculture. ACIAR Proceedings, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research 136: 129-141. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11533869.pdf#page=130 Hair, C. ( 2012 ). Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) production and sea-ranching trial in Fiji. In Asia–Pacific tropical sea cucumber aquaculture . ACIAR Proceedings, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research 136 : 129 - 141 . https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11533869.pdf#page=130 Search in Google Scholar

Hamel, J. F., Conand, C., Pawson, D. L., & Mercier, A. (2001). The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata): its biology and exploitation as beche-demer. Advances in Marine Biology, 41, 129–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)41003-0 Hamel, J. F. Conand, C. Pawson, D. L. , & Mercier, A. ( 2001 ). The sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata): its biology and exploitation as beche-demer . Advances in Marine Biology , 41 , 129 – 223 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)41003-0 10.1016/S0065-2881(01)41003-0 Search in Google Scholar

Hamel, J. F., & Mercier, A. (2004). Synchronous gamete maturation and reliable spawning induction method in holothurians. In A. Lovatelli, C. Conand, S. Purcell, S. Uthicke, J-F. Hamel, & A. Mercier (Eds.). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management (pp 425). FAO Fisheries Technical Reports No. 463, FAO, Rome. Hamel, J. F. , & Mercier, A. ( 2004 ). Synchronous gamete maturation and reliable spawning induction method in holothurians . In A. Lovatelli C. Conand S. Purcell S. Uthicke J-F. Hamel , & A. Mercier (Eds.). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management (pp 425 ). FAO Fisheries Technical Reports No. 463, FAO , Rome . Search in Google Scholar

Indriana, L. F., Firdaus, M., M., Supono., & Munandar, H. (2017). Survival rate and growth of juvenile sandfish (Holothuria scabra) in various rearing conditions. Marine Research in Indonesia, 42(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri. v42i1.156 Indriana, L. F. Firdaus, M. M., Supono ., & Munandar, H. ( 2017 ). Survival rate and growth of juvenile sandfish (Holothuria scabra) in various rearing conditions . Marine Research in Indonesia , 42 ( 1 ), 11 – 18 . https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v42i1.156 10.14203/mri.v42i1.156 Search in Google Scholar

James, D. B., Gandhi, A. D., Palaniswamy, N., & Rodrigo, J. X. (1994). Hatchery techniques and culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India. Special Publication, 57, 1–40. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/3452/1/Special_Publication_No_57. pdf. James, D. B. Gandhi, A. D. Palaniswamy, N. , & Rodrigo, J. X. ( 1994 ). Hatchery techniques and culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India . Special Publication , 57 , 1 – 40 . http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/3452/1/Special_Publication_No_57. pdf. Search in Google Scholar

James, D. B. (1999). Hatchery and culture technology for the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra Jaeger, in India. Naga – The ICLARM Quarterly. 22:12–16. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11023765.pdf James, D. B. ( 1999 ). Hatchery and culture technology for the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra Jaeger, in India . Naga – The ICLARM Quarterly . 22 : 12 – 16 . https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11023765.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Kang, K. H., Kwon, J. Y., & Kim, Y. M. (2003). A beneficial coculture: Charm abalone Haliotis discus hannai and sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 216(1-4), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00203-X Kang, K. H. Kwon, J. Y. , & Kim, Y. M. ( 2003 ). A beneficial coculture: Charm abalone Haliotis discus hannai and sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 216 ( 1-4 ), 87 – 93 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00203-X 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00203-X Search in Google Scholar

Lane, D. J., & Limbong, D. (2015). Catastrophic depletion of reef-associated sea cucumbers: Resource management/reef resilience issues for an Indonesian marine park and the wider Indo-Pacific. Aquatic Conservation, 25(4), 505– 517. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2421 Lane, D. J. , & Limbong, D. ( 2015 ). Catastrophic depletion of reef-associated sea cucumbers: Resource management/reef resilience issues for an Indonesian marine park and the wider Indo-Pacific . Aquatic Conservation , 25 ( 4 ), 505 – 517 . https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2421 10.1002/aqc.2421 Search in Google Scholar

Liao, M. L., Ren, T. J., He, L. J., Jiang, Z. Q., & Han, Y. Z. (2014). Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus juvenile. Aquaculture Nutrition, 20(4), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12098 Liao, M. L. Ren, T. J. He, L. J. Jiang, Z. Q. , & Han, Y. Z. ( 2014 ). Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus juvenile . Aquaculture Nutrition , 20 ( 4 ), 443 – 450 . https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12098 10.1111/anu.12098 Search in Google Scholar

Liao, M., Ren, T., He, L., Han, Y., & Jiang, Z. (2015). Optimum dietary proportion of soybean meal with fish meal, and its effects on growth, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Fisheries Science, 81, 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-015-0916-1 Liao, M. Ren, T. He, L. Han, Y. , & Jiang, Z. ( 2015 ). Optimum dietary proportion of soybean meal with fish meal, and its effects on growth, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus . Fisheries Science , 81 , 915 – 922 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-015-0916-1 10.1007/s12562-015-0916-1 Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y., Dong, S., Tian, X., Wang, F., & Gao, Q. (2010). The effect of different macroalgae on the growth of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka). Aquaculture Research, 41(11), e881–e885. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02582.x Liu, Y. Dong, S. Tian, X. Wang, F. , & Gao, Q. ( 2010 ). The effect of different macroalgae on the growth of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) . Aquaculture Research , 41 ( 11 ), e881 – e885 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02582.x 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02582.x Search in Google Scholar

Magcanta, M. L. M., Sornito, M. B., Espadero, A. D. A., Bacosa, H. P., & Uy, W. H. (2021). Growth, Survival, and Behavior of Early Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1883) in Response to Feed Types and Salinity Levels under Laboratory Conditions. Philippine Journal of Science, 150(5), 871–884. Magcanta, M. L. M. Sornito, M. B. Espadero, A. D. A. Bacosa, H. P. , & Uy, W. H. ( 2021 ). Growth, Survival, and Behavior of Early Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1883) in Response to Feed Types and Salinity Levels under Laboratory Conditions . Philippine Journal of Science , 150 ( 5 ), 871 – 884 . 10.56899/150.05.04 Search in Google Scholar

Militz, T. A., Leini, E., Duy, N. D. Q., & Southgate, P. C. (2018). Successful large-scale hatchery culture of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) using micro-algae concentrates as a larval food source. Aquaculture Reports, 9, 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2017.11.005 Militz, T. A. Leini, E. Duy, N. D. Q. , & Southgate, P. C. ( 2018 ). Successful large-scale hatchery culture of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) using micro-algae concentrates as a larval food source . Aquaculture Reports , 9 , 25 – 30 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2017.11.005 10.1016/j.aqrep.2017.11.005 Search in Google Scholar

Pitt, R., & Duy, N. D. Q. (2004). Breeding and rearing of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in Viet Nam. In A. Lovatelli, C. Conand, S. Purcell, S. Uthicke, J-F. Hamel, & A. Mercier (Eds.). Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management (pp. 333–46.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 463. FAO, Rome. Pitt, R. , & Duy, N. D. Q. ( 2004 ). Breeding and rearing of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in Viet Nam . In A. Lovatelli C. Conand S. Purcell S. Uthicke J-F. Hamel , & A. Mercier (Eds.). Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management (pp. 333 – 46 .). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 463. FAO , Rome . Search in Google Scholar

Purcell, S. W., Hair, C. A., & Mills, D. J. (2012). Sea cucumber culture, farming and sea ranching in the tropics: Progress, problems and opportunities. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 368–369, 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquaculture.2012.08.053 Purcell, S. W. Hair, C. A. , & Mills, D. J. ( 2012 ). Sea cucumber culture, farming and sea ranching in the tropics: Progress, problems and opportunities . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 368–369 , 68 – 81 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.053 Search in Google Scholar

Purcell, S. W. (2014). Value, market preferences and trade of Beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers. PLoS One, 9, e95075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0095075 PMID:24736374 Purcell, S. W. ( 2014 ). Value, market preferences and trade of Beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers . PLoS One , 9 , e95075 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095075 PMID:24736374 10.1371/journal.pone.0095075398814924736374 Search in Google Scholar

Purcell, S. W., & Kirby, D. S. (2006). Restocking the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra: Sizing no-take zones through individual-based movement modelling. Fisheries Research, 80(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.020 Purcell, S. W. , & Kirby, D. S. ( 2006 ). Restocking the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra: Sizing no-take zones through individual-based movement modelling . Fisheries Research , 80 ( 1 ), 53 – 61 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.020 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.03.020 Search in Google Scholar

Qin, C., Dong, S., Tan, F., Tian, X., Wang, F., Dong, Y., & Gao, Q. (2009). Optimization of stocking density for the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka under feed-supplement and non-feed-supplement regimes in pond culture. Journal of Ocean University of China, 8(3), 296–302. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11802-009-0296-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-009-0296-1 Qin, C. Dong, S. Tan, F. Tian, X. Wang, F. Dong, Y. , & Gao, Q. ( 2009 ). Optimization of stocking density for the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka under feed-supplement and non-feed-supplement regimes in pond culture . Journal of Ocean University of China , 8 ( 3 ), 296 – 302 . https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11802-009-0296-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-009-0296-1 10.1007/s11802-009-0296-1 Search in Google Scholar

Raison, C. M. (2008). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and prospects for commercial culture of Holothuria scabra. Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3(082), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20083082 Raison, C. M. ( 2008 ). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and prospects for commercial culture of Holothuria scabra . Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources , 3 ( 082 ), 1 – 15 . https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20083082 10.1079/PAVSNNR20083082 Search in Google Scholar

Ramofafia, C., Gervis, M., & Bell, J. (1995). Spawning and early larval rearing of Holothuria atra. SPC beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 7, 2–7. Ramofafia, C. Gervis, M. , & Bell, J. ( 1995 ). Spawning and early larval rearing of Holothuria atra . SPC beche-de-mer Information Bulletin , 7 , 2 – 7 . Search in Google Scholar

Roberts, R. D., Lapworth, C., & Barker, R. J. (2001). Effect of starvation on the growth and survival of postlarval abalone (Haliotis iris). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 200(3-4), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00531-2 Roberts, R. D. Lapworth, C. , & Barker, R. J. ( 2001 ). Effect of starvation on the growth and survival of postlarval abalone (Haliotis iris) . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 200 ( 3-4 ), 323 – 338 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00531-2 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00531-2 Search in Google Scholar

Robinson, G., Caldwell, G. S., Jones, C. L., Slater, M. J., & Stead, S. M. (2015). Redox stratification drives enhanced growth in a deposit-feeding invertebrate: Implications for aquaculture bioremediation. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 8, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00158 Robinson, G. Caldwell, G. S. Jones, C. L. Slater, M. J. , & Stead, S. M. ( 2015 ). Redox stratification drives enhanced growth in a deposit-feeding invertebrate: Implications for aquaculture bioremediation . Aquaculture Environment Interactions , 8 , 1 – 3 . https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00158 10.3354/aei00158 Search in Google Scholar

Robinson, G., Caldwell, G. S., Wade, M. J., Free, A., Jones, C. L. W., & Stead, S. M. (2016). Profiling bacterial communities associated with sediment-based aquaculture bioremediation systems under contrasting redox regimes. Scientific Reports, 6, 38850. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38850 PMID:27941918 Robinson, G. Caldwell, G. S. Wade, M. J. Free, A. Jones, C. L. W. , & Stead, S. M. ( 2016 ). Profiling bacterial communities associated with sediment-based aquaculture bioremediation systems under contrasting redox regimes . Scientific Reports , 6 , 38850 . https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38850 PMID:27941918 10.1038/srep38850515064027941918 Search in Google Scholar

Seeruttun, R., Appadoo, C., Laxminaraya, A., & Codabaccus, B. (2008). A study on the factors influencing the growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumber, Holothuria atra, under laboratory conditions. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 14(1), 1–15. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/umrj/article/view/130811 Seeruttun, R. Appadoo, C. Laxminaraya, A. , & Codabaccus, B. ( 2008 ). A study on the factors influencing the growth and survival of juvenile sea cucumber, Holothuria atra, under laboratory conditions . University of Mauritius Research Journal , 14 ( 1 ), 1 – 15 . https://www.ajol.info/index.php/umrj/article/view/130811 Search in Google Scholar

Seo, J. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2011). Optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(2), e56–e61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00728.x Seo, J. Y. , & Lee, S. M. ( 2011 ). Optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus . Aquaculture Nutrition , 17 ( 2 ), e56 – e61 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00728.x 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00728.x Search in Google Scholar

Singh, R., MacDonald, B. A., Lawton, P., & Thomas, M. L. (1998). Feeding response of the dendrochirote sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) to changing food concentrations in the laboratory. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76(10), 1842–1849. https://doi.org/10.1139/z98-133 Singh, R. MacDonald, B. A. Lawton, P. , & Thomas, M. L. ( 1998 ). Feeding response of the dendrochirote sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) to changing food concentrations in the laboratory . Canadian Journal of Zoology , 76 ( 10 ), 1842 – 1849 . https://doi.org/10.1139/z98-133 10.1139/z98-133 Search in Google Scholar

Slater, M. J., Jeffs, A. G., & Carton, A. G. (2009). The use of the waste from green-lipped mussels as a food source for juvenile sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 292(3-4), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.027 Slater, M. J. Jeffs, A. G. , & Carton, A. G. ( 2009 ). The use of the waste from green-lipped mussels as a food source for juvenile sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 292 ( 3-4 ), 219 – 224 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.027 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.027 Search in Google Scholar

Uthicke, S., & Klumpp, D. W. (1998). Microphytobenthos community production at a near-shore coral reef: Seasonal variation and response to ammonium recycled by holothurians. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 169, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps169001 Uthicke, S. , & Klumpp, D. W. ( 1998 ). Microphytobenthos community production at a near-shore coral reef: Seasonal variation and response to ammonium recycled by holothurians . Marine Ecology Progress Series , 169 , 1 – 11 . https://doi.org/10.3354/meps169001 10.3354/meps169001 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Y., Kong, L.-J., Li, K., & Bureau, D. P. (2007). Effects of feeding frequency and ration level on growth, feed utilization and nitrogen waste output of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides) reared in net pens. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 271(1-4), 350–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.022 Wang, Y. Kong, L.-J. Li, K. , & Bureau, D. P. ( 2007 ). Effects of feeding frequency and ration level on growth, feed utilization and nitrogen waste output of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides) reared in net pens . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 271 ( 1-4 ), 350 – 356 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.022 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.03.022 Search in Google Scholar

Xia, B., Ren, Y., Wang, J., Sun, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Effects of feeding frequency and density on growth, energy budget and physiological performance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 466, 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquaculture.2016.09.039 Xia, B. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Sun, Y. , & Zhang, Z. ( 2017 ). Effects of feeding frequency and density on growth, energy budget and physiological performance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 466 , 26 – 32 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.09.039 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.09.039 Search in Google Scholar

Yasoda, H. N., Chi, Z., & Ling, Z. K. (2006). Probiotics and sea cucumber farming. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin No.24. Yasoda, H. N. Chi, Z. , & Ling, Z. K. ( 2006 ). Probiotics and sea cucumber farming . SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin No.24. Search in Google Scholar

Yuan, X., Yang, H., Zhou, Y., Mao, Y., Zhang, T., & Liu, Y. (2006). The influence of diets containing dried bivalve feces and/or powdered algae on growth and energy distribution in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 256(1-4), 457–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.029 Yuan, X. Yang, H. Zhou, Y. Mao, Y. Zhang, T. , & Liu, Y. ( 2006 ). The influence of diets containing dried bivalve feces and/or powdered algae on growth and energy distribution in sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 256 ( 1-4 ), 457 – 467 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.029 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.029 Search in Google Scholar

Zheng, H., Ke, C., Zhou, S., & Li, F. (2005). Effects of starvation on larval growth, survival and metamorphosis of Ivory shell Babylonia formosae habei Altena et al., 1981 (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae). Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 243(1-4), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. aquaculture.2004.10.010 Zheng, H. Ke, C. Zhou, S. , & Li, F. ( 2005 ). Effects of starvation on larval growth, survival and metamorphosis of Ivory shell Babylonia formosae habei Altena et al., 1981 (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) . Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) , 243 ( 1-4 ), 357 – 366 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.10.010 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.10.010 Search in Google Scholar