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Suppression of cyst germination success in Gymnodinium catenatum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata by macroalgal extracts from the southern Mediterranean Sea

Zakaria A. Mohamed

Zakaria A. Mohamed

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag UniversitySohag, Egypt
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Mohamed, Zakaria A.
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Hana Abohbell

Hana Abohbell

Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of SabrathaSabratha, Libya
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Abohbell, Hana
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Adel S. Ben Omran

Adel S. Ben Omran

Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli UniversityTripoli, Libya
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Omran, Adel S. Ben
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Tahani A. Y. Asseri

Tahani A. Y. Asseri

Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid UniversityAbha, Saudi Arabia
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Asseri, Tahani A. Y.
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Mohamed Hashem

Mohamed Hashem

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
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Hashem, Mohamed
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Hoida A. Badr

Hoida A. Badr

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag UniversitySohag, Egypt
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Badr, Hoida A.
  
Sep 19, 2025
Suppression of cyst germination success in Gymnodinium catenatum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata by macroalgal extracts from the southern Mediterranean Sea's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Research Paper
Published Online: Sep 19, 2025
Page range: 191 - 211
Received: Feb 26, 2025
Accepted: Mar 01, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2025.1.15
Keywords
© 2025 Zakaria A. Mohamed et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Effect of aqueous macroalgal extracts on the success of cyst germination in harmful microalgae: (A) Ostreopsis cf. ovata and (B) Gymnodinium catenatum. Data points are means ± SD (n = 3). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination among different macroalgae for each extract concentration, whereas different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination between different extract concentrations for each macroalgal species (i.e., horizontal track). SD, standard deviation.
Effect of aqueous macroalgal extracts on the success of cyst germination in harmful microalgae: (A) Ostreopsis cf. ovata and (B) Gymnodinium catenatum. Data points are means ± SD (n = 3). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination among different macroalgae for each extract concentration, whereas different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination between different extract concentrations for each macroalgal species (i.e., horizontal track). SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2

Effect of methanol macroalgal extracts on the success of cyst germination in harmful microalgae: (A) Ostreopsis cf. ovata and (B) Gymnodinium catenatum. Data points are means ± SD (n = 3). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination among different macroalgae for each extract concentration, whereas different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination between different extract concentrations for each macroalgal species (i.e., horizontal track). SD, standard deviation.
Effect of methanol macroalgal extracts on the success of cyst germination in harmful microalgae: (A) Ostreopsis cf. ovata and (B) Gymnodinium catenatum. Data points are means ± SD (n = 3). Different uppercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination among different macroalgae for each extract concentration, whereas different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the cyst germination between different extract concentrations for each macroalgal species (i.e., horizontal track). SD, standard deviation.

Figure S1

GC-MS chromatogram of Jania rubens extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Jania rubens extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S2

GC-MS chromatogram of Laurencia obtusa extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Laurencia obtusa extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S3

GC-MS chromatogram of Cystoseira compressa extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Cystoseira compressa extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S4

GC-MS chromatogram of Cystoseira crinita extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Cystoseira crinita extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S5

GC-MS chromatograms of Cystoseira barbata extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatograms of Cystoseira barbata extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S6

GC-MS chromatogram of Ulva lactuca extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Ulva lactuca extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Figure S7

GC-MS chromatogram of Enteromorpha linza extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
GC-MS chromatogram of Enteromorpha linza extract. GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results of probit analysis used for calculation of IC50 (mg · g−1 sediments) values of the inhibitory effects of aqueous and methanol extracts of macroalgae on the germination success of Gymnodinium catenatum cysts

Macroalgae Type of extract IC50 Regression equation R2
Jania rubens Aqueous 206.7 y = 0.5434x + 3.7036 0.8799
Ethanol 1.1 y = 0.7043x + 4.9505 0.9537
Laurencia obtusa Aqueous 58.6 y = 0.8506x + 3.6622 0.7708
Ethanol 1.55 y = 0.7531x + 4.8602 0.9932
Cystoseira compressa Aqueous 37.7 y = 1.2099x + 4.0006 0.9365
Ethanol 0.12 y = 0.5774x + 5.5143 0.9484
Cystoseira crinita Aqueous 9.9 y = 1.8123x + 3.9096 0.9571
Ethanol 0.08 y = 1.0561x + 5.7358 0.6061
Cystoseira barbata Aqueous 14.8 y = 1.656x + 3.9192 0.9581
Ethanol 0.23 y = 0.9758x + 5.5847 0.9777
Ulva lactuca Aqueous 238 y = 0.4171x + 4.0481 0.7512
Ethanol 1.28 y = 0.9013x + 4.9035 0.9735
Ulva linza Aqueous 141 y = 1.424x + 2.6289 0.8886
Ethanol 1.33 y = 0.8443x + 4.8995 0.9511

Chemical constituents of Ulva lactuca extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 24.65
2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-1-[3,5-dihyd roxy-1-pentenyl]cyclohexan-1-perhydr ol Alcohols 10.84
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 8.93
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 5.85
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid esters 5.38
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 3.89
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 3.51
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester Ester 3.42
(R)-(-)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1- ol Alcohols 2.74
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl Aliphatic hydrocarbon 2.45
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 2.4
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 2.05
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis- Hydrocarbons 1.98
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 1.81
Ethanol, 2-(9-octadecenyloxy)-, (Z)- Fatty ether 1.72
1-Cyclohexylnonene Aliphatic hydrocarbons 1.33
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1- ol acetate Fatty acid esters 1.32
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (Linoleic acid) Unsaturated fatty acid 1.29
Pentanoic acid, 10-undecenyl ester Fatty acid esters 1.27
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 1.18
9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty acid chloride 1.06
9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)- Unsaturated aldehydes 1.04
1,14-Tetradecanediol Long-chain fatty alcohol 0.99
13-Oxabicyclo[10.1.0]tridecane Aliphatic hydrocarbons 0.91
9-Eicosyne Alkynes 0.9
E-2-Methyl-3-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Unsaturated fatty ester 0.86
Undecanoic acid, 10-bromo- Bromo fatty acid 0.83
Cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl-2-octadecyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbons 0.82
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid esters 0.81
Methyl 8-methyl-non-anoate Fatty acid esters 0.75
cis-9,10-Epoxyoctadecan-1-ol Epoxy fatty alcohol 0.7
Ethanone, 1-(2-furanyl)- Heterocyclic ketone 0.6
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.57
Cyclopentane, 1,1′-[3-(2-cyclopentylethyl)-1,5-pentan ediyl]bis- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 0.55
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 0.53

Chemical constituents of Jania rubens extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 14.57
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 12.17
Heptadecanoic acid, heptadecyl ester Fatty acid ester 3.26
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 3.21
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate fatty acid ester 2.44
Octadecanal, 2-bromo- Aldehydes 2.03
Phenacyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid ester 1.57
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl Aliphatic hydrocarbon 1.57
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 1.57
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid ester 1.36
1,3-Dioxolane, 4-ethyl-5-octyl-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-, trans- Alkenes 1.8
Stearic acid, 2-phenyl-m-dioxan-5-yl ester, trans- Fatty acid ester 0.55
9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty acid chloride 0.54
3,3,7,11-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0(4, 11)]undecan-1-ol Alcohols 0.54
1,2-15,16-Diepoxyhexadecane Long-chain fatty epoxide 0.52
Trans-13-octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 0.52
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 0.49
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 7.96
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 2.91
1-Octadecyne Unsaturated hydrocarbon 1.82
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl elaidate Unsaturated fatty ester diol 1.77
Hexadecanoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester Fatty acid ester 1.70
[1,1′-Bicyclohexyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 4′-propyl-, 4-fluorophenyl ester Ester 3.62
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 24.32
Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(1-methylethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester Fatty acid ester 5
Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester Fatty acid ester 0.83
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid ester 0.81
2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-1-[3,5-dihyd roxy-1-pentenyl]cyclohexan-1-perhydr ol Alcohols 0.80
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 0.70
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (Linoleic acid) Unsaturated fatty acid 0.62

Chemical constituents of Laurencia obtusa extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 26.37
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 16.63
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 6.85
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl elaidate Unsaturated fatty ester diol 5.54
1-Heptadecyne Unsaturated hydrocarbon 4
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 3.8
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Fatty acid ester 3.17
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 2.19
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 2.13
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 2.05
Cis-13-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 1.94
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 1.82
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (Linoleic acid) Unsaturated fatty acid 1.75
6,9,12-Octadecatrienoic acid, phenylmethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty ester 1.49
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid ester 1.48
Pentanoic acid, 10-undecenyl ester Fatty acid ester 1.43
2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- Cyclic amides 1.27
2-Myristynoyl-glycinamide Unsaturated fatty amide 1.25
[1,1′-Bicyclohexyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 4′-propyl-, 4-fluorophenyl ester Ester 1.09
Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester Fatty acid ester 1.08
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid ester 1.03
5á,7áH,10à-Eudesm-11-en-1à-ol Sesquiterpenes 1.02
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 1.01
Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) Ester 0.99
Ethyl iso-allocholate Sterol 0.99
9,9-Dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione Cyclic amides 0.93
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 0.84
2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-1-[3,5-dihyd roxy-1-pentenyl]cyclohexan-1-perhydr ol Alcohols 0.74
9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Unsaturated fatty ester 0.72
Z,Z-3,13-Octadecedien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.72
E-2-Octadecadecen-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.71
Pregnane-3,11,20,21-tetrol, cyclic 20,21-(butyl boronate), (3à,5á,11á,20R)- Steroids 0.67
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 0.63
Z-17-Non-adecen-1-ol acetate Fatty acid ester 0.58
9-Octadecenal Unsaturated fatty aldehyde 0.56
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 0.56

Chemical constituents of Cystoseira barbata extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 24.81
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 15.73
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester Ester 9.47
l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2,6 dihexadecanoate Fatty acid esters 9.24
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 5.31
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 4.04
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 4.01
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1- ol acetate Fatty acid esters 3.91
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid esters 3.53
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 3.15
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 3.12
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 2.79
2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-1-[3,5-dihyd roxy-1-pentenyl]cyclohexan-1-perhydr ol Alcohols 1.83
Oleic anhydride Unsaturated fatty acid 1.34
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 1.25
9,12-Octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty acid chloride 1.16
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.82
(R)-(-)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1- ol Alcohols 0.78
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 0.78
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 0.77
Spirost-8-en-11-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3á,5à,14á,20á,22á,25R)- Sterol 0.73
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[[(trimethylsil yl)oxy]methyl]ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty ester 0.63
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenyl ester, (Z)- Unsaturated fatty ester 0.40
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 0.40

Chemical constituents of Cystoseira crinita extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 27.42
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 9.44
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester Ester 7.70
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 6.06
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 5.56
[1,1′-Bicyclohexyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 4′-propyl-, 4-fluorophenyl ester Ester 5.55
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1[[(trimethylsilyl) oxy]methyl]ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty ester 3.33
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 2.97
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 2.9
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) Unsaturated fatty acid 2.76
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 2.63
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 2.37
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid esters 2.19
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 1.75
9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)- Unsaturated aldehydes 1.68
12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol 1.68
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1- ol acetate Fatty acid esters 1.68
Octadecanal, 2-bromo- Aldehydes 1.64
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 1.52
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 1.23
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 1.12
cis-13-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 0.97
3,3,7,11-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0(4, 11)]undecan-1-ol Tricyclic alcohol 0.96
E-10-Pentadecenol Fatty alcohol 0.71
Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester Fatty acid esters 0.69
E-2-Octadecadecen-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.68
Z,Z-3,13-Octadecedien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.59
1-Hexadecyne Alkene 0.58
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 0.55
Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Fatty acid esters 0.55
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis- Hydrocarbons 0.50

Chemical constituents of Enteromorpha linza extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 24.21
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 8.24
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 7.41
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 5.58
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 6.92
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (Linoleic acid) Unsaturated fatty acid 5.04
2-Myristynoyl-glycinamide Unsaturated fatty amide 4.94
[1,1′-Bicyclohexyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 4′-propyl-, 4-fluorophenyl ester Ester 4.55
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid esters 4.37
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 3.85
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 3.01
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 2.62
2-Pentadecyn-1-ol Unsaturated fatty alcohol 2.4
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 1.65
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis Aliphatic hydrocarbons 1.62
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid 1.61
Pentanoic acid, 10-undecenyl ester Fatty acid esters 1.46
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 1.39
Tricyclo[5.4.3.0(1,8)]tetradecan-6-one, 4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramet hyl Tricyclic hydroxyl ketone 1.21
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 1.01
Palmitic acid vinyl ester Fatty acid esters 0.93
2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- Cyclic amides 0.91
cis-13-Octadecenoic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 0.76
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1- ol acetate Fatty acid ester 0.69
Cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester Fatty acid ester 0.67
2,2-Dimethyl-6-methylene-1-[3,5-dihyd roxy-1-pentenyl]cyclohexan-1-perhydr ol Alcohols 0.64
13-Octadecenal, (Z)- Unsaturated aldehydes 0.61
(R)-(-)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1 ol Alcohols 0.57
Z,Z-3,13-Octadecedien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.57
Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol Unsaturated fatty alcohols 0.55

Results of probit analysis used for calculation of IC50 (mg · g−1 sediments) values of the inhibitory effects of aqueous and methanol extracts of macroalgae on the germination success of Ostreopsis cf_ ovata cysts

Macroalgae Type of extract LC50 Regression equation R2
Jania rubens Aqueous 89.6 y = 0.8037x + 3.2067 0.7204
Ethanol 1.4 y = 0.5723x + 4.9254 0.956
Laurencia obtusa Aqueous 131.3 y = 0.7379x + 3.6273 0.7205
Ethanol 2.4 y = 0.5341x + 4.7977 0.8006
Cystoseira compressa Aqueous 6.6 y = 0.6838x + 3.9011 0.9513
Ethanol 0.05 y = 0.3645x + 5.4558 0.7272
Cystoseira crinita Aqueous 3.9 y = 1.2566x + 3.7281 0.9018
Ethanol 0.06 y = 0.6381x + 5.597 0.4817
Cystoseira barbata Aqueous 4.4 y = 1.3949x + 3.3527 0.9966
Ethanol 0.2 y = 0.7682x + 5.5592 0.9798
Ulva lactuca Aqueous 94.4 y = 0.6739x + 3.7685 0.7992
Ethanol 1.4 y = 0.7971x + 4.8792 0.9878
Ulva linza Aqueous 590 y = 0.8067x + 2.5507 0.5819
Ethanol 1.4 y = 0.7971x + 4.8792 0.9878

Chemical constituents of Cystoseira compressa extract as investigated by GC-MS

Chemical name Nature compound Mass distribution (%)
11,13-Dimethyl-12-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Long chain fatty ester 13.13
Cis-vaccenic acid Unsaturated fatty acid 12.05
17-Octadecynoic acid Fatty acid alkyne 8.22
n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) Fatty acid ester 7.82
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (Linoleic acid) Unsaturated fatty acid 7.07
Oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic) Unsaturated fatty acid 5.66
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 5.41
1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether Unsaturated fatty ester 4.92
9,17-Octadecadienal, (Z)- Unsaturated aldehydes 2.94
Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid Fatty acid 2.42
1H-Indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro- Esters 2.18
Z-(13,14-Epoxy)tetradec-11-en-1-ol acetate Fatty acid esters 2.13
9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E,E,E)- Fatty acid ester 1.97
Pentanoic acid, 10-undecenyl ester Fatty acid esters 1.91
[1,1′-Bicyclohexyl]-4-carboxylic acid, 4′-propyl-, 4-fluorophenyl ester Ester 1.89
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl- Aliphatic hydrocarbon 1.85
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, phenylmethyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 1.83
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 1.63
Ethanol, 2-(9-octadecenyloxy)-, (Z)- Fatty ether 1.62
E-10,13,13-Trimethyl-11-tetradecen-1- ol acetate Fatty acid esters 1.53
9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[[(trimethylsil yl)oxy]methyl]ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- Unsaturated fatty ester 1.37
Z,E-2-Methyl-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol Fatty alcohol 1.34
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester Unsaturated fatty ester 1.27
Cyclohexane, 1,1′-(2-tridecyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis- Carbohydrates 1.12
(R)-(-)-(Z)-14-Methyl-8-hexadecen-1- ol Alcohols 1.11
E-10-Pentadecenol Fatty alcohol 0.98
9-Methyl-Z-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate Unsaturated fatty ester 0.81
E-2-Octadecadecen-1-ol Fatty alcohol 0.69
1-Octadecyne Unsaturated hydrocarbon 0.69
13-Octadecenal, (Z)- Unsaturated aldehydes 0.68
9,9-Dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,4- dione Cyclic amides 0.62
8-Hexadecenal, 14-methyl-, (Z)- Aldehydes 0.62
n-Propyl 11-octadecenoate Fatty acid esters 0.52
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
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Chemistry, Chemistry, other, Geosciences, Geosciences, other, Life Sciences, Life Sciences, other
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