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Morphometric variation of Spicara flexuosum Rafinesque, 1810 (Teleostei: Sparidae) inhabiting the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean and the Mediterranean Coast of Türkiye

Asli Şalcıoğlu
Asli Şalcıoğlu
   | Mar 18, 2023
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Mar 18, 2023
Page range: 41 - 51
Received: Nov 28, 2022
Accepted: Feb 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.03
© 2023 Asli Şalcıoğlu published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling locations of Spicara flexuosum
Sampling locations of Spicara flexuosum

Figure 2

Morphometric characters of S. flexuosum. A) Original specimen collected from this study. B) The fish photo is modified by Iglésias (2014). Abbreviations in the photos are defined in the text.
Morphometric characters of S. flexuosum. A) Original specimen collected from this study. B) The fish photo is modified by Iglésias (2014). Abbreviations in the photos are defined in the text.

Figure 3

Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance method for S. flexuosum populations from eight morphometric characteristics
Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance method for S. flexuosum populations from eight morphometric characteristics

Figure 4

Principal component diagram based on the ratio of the morphometric traits for S. flexuosum populations from each location
Principal component diagram based on the ratio of the morphometric traits for S. flexuosum populations from each location

Principal component loadings scores, Eigen values and variance based on the relative ratio of each morphometric trait

PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
Eigenvalues 0.00373899 0.00175425 0.00546240 0.000181664
Variance (%) 60.101 28.198 8.7805 2.9201
Character
HL/SL −0.063376 0.016927 0.050071 0.3927
HH/SL 0.21956 −0.090208 −0.21436 0.39744
HH/HL 0.1363 0.28853 0.55127 0.23751
MBH2/SL 0.027696 0.22781 −0.13991 0.24869
TL/MBH1 −0.25438 −0.2234 0.3019 −0.60892
HL/ED 0.54835 0.039031 0.60801 −0.030984
MBH2/HH 0.2144 0.81048 −0.27264 −0.38802
HL/IO 0.71907 −0.38488 −0.30481 −0.21743

Measurements of eight morphometric characters and their standard deviations of S. flexuosum among five locations

HL HH MBH1 MBH2 SL TL ED IO
Istanbul 3.88 ± 0.55 3.25 ± 0.44 3.99 ± 0.47 3.66 ± 0.45 13.28 ± 1.55 15.66 ± 1.63 1.22 ± 0.17 1.10 ± 0.15
Yalova 3.25 ± 0.35 3.09 ± 0.23 4.25 ± 0.33 3.95 ± 0.26 12.67 ± 0.63 15.88 ± 0.81 0.88 ± 0.04 0.89 ± 0.03
Mersin 2.92 ± 0.36 2.58 ± 0.30 3.34 ± 0.22 3.21 ± 0.26 11.11 ± 0.66 13.05 ± 0.80 1.00 ± 0.05 1.00 ± 0.05
Izmir 2.75 ± 0.17 2.44 ± 0.11 3.11 ± 0.13 3.01 ± 0.13 10.86 ± 0.52 12.90 ± 0.60 0.88 ± 0.04 0.89 ± 0.02
Antalya 2.74 ± 0.22 2.42 ± 0.17 3.03 ± 0.26 2.85 ± 0.20 10.52 ± 0.66 12.76 ± 0.43 0.88 ± 0.04 0.85 ± 0.06

Principal component loadings scores, Eigen values and variance based on eight morphometric traits

PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
Eigenvalues 0.018318 0,00413467 0.00041466 0.00034135
Variance (%) 80.001 18.044 1.8096 0.14582
Character
HL 0.47363 0.20971 −0.54221 −0.54121
HH 0.42562 −0.095071 −0.19134 0.44293
MBH1 0.44763 −0.33877 0.22099 −0.36621
MBH2 0.38956 −0.34459 0.47519 −0.058186
SL −7.2803E-17 5.8203E-16 −5.503E-15 5.352E-15
TL 0.32853 −0.21941 −0.22798 0.58388
ED 0.2943 0.65851 0.00334703 0.17156
IO 0.21877 0.48136 0.58547 0.055326

The ratio of morphometric characters and their standard deviations of S. flexuosum among five locations

HL/SL HH/SL HH/HL MBH2/SL TL/MBH1 HL/ED MBH2/HH HL/IO
Istanbul 0.29 ± 0.02 0.24 ± 0.02 0.84 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.01 3.93 ± 0.18 3.20 ± 0.35 1.13 ± 0.09 3.54 ± 0.10
Yalova 0.25 ± 0.02 0.24 ± 0.01 0.95 ± 0.07 0.31 ± 0.01 3.74 ± 0.21 3.67 ± 0.48 1.28 ± 0.10 3.67 ± 0.49
Mersin 0.26 ± 0.02 0.23 ± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.09 0.28 ± 0.01 3.90 ± 0.15 2.92 ± 0.34 1.25 ± 0.10 2.92 ± 0.34
Izmir 0.25 ± 0.01 0.22 ± 0.01 0.89 ± 0.31 0.27 ± 0.01 4.15 ± 0.23 3.10 ± 0.19 1.23 ± 0.06 3.08 ± 0.21
Antalya 0.26 ± 0.01 0.23 ± 0.01 0.88 ± 0.05 0.27 ± 0.01 4.22 ± 0.33 3.10 ± 0.23 1.04 ± 0.07 3.23 ± 0.27

Classification matrix (percentage) based on the discriminant function analysis of five S. flexuosum populations from Turkish coastal waters

Population Predicted group membership
Istanbul Yalova Mersin Izmir Antalya
Istanbul 100 - - - -
Yalova - 96.2 - - -
Mersin - - 99.0 -
Izmir - 3.8 - 100 3.5
Antalya - - 1.00 - 96.5

Coordinates of the studied locations, sampling dates, fishing methods features and sampling depth, number of the samples and minimum and maximum length of S. flexuosum populations in the Marmara Sea, Aegean Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean

Locations Longitude and latitude Sampling date Fishing methods (features and depth) Number of the samples Minimum Maximum Total Length (cm)
Istanbul(Marmara Sea) 40.5382480º N29.4102180º E 23.02.2014 Handline fishing(30 m) 23 11.04 – 17.22
Mersin(Eastern Mediterranean) 36.333359º N34.162964º E 23.06.2014 Bottom trawl net(20–100 m) 20 11.5 – 14.5
Antalya(Eastern Mediterranean) 36.836517º N30.836772º E 12.10.2014 Bottom trawl net(40 m) 21 12 – 13.5
Izmir(Aegean Sea) 38.4051556º N26.8099964º E 14.11.2014 Bottom trawl net(30 m) 22 11.9 – 14.5
Yalova (Armutlu)(Marmara Sea) 40.4934567º N28.7786335º E 05.09.2015 Handline fishing(20 m) 30 13.4 – 17.27

Parameters of the morphometric regression, equation and correlation coefficient

Morphometric ratio Regression equation R2
HL/SL Y = 2.105x + 5.1944 0.702
HH/SL Y = 2.7095x + 4.2273 0.736
MBH2/SL Y = 2.3681x + 3.7576 0.756
MBH2/HH Y = 0.7313x + 0.3787 0.679
TL/MBH1 Y = 2.6683x + 4.5953 0.838
HL/HH Y = 0.6717x + 0.6866 0.712

Descriptive statistics and variation coefficient of each morphometric characters of S. flexuosum

Metric characters Min. Max. Mean SD SE VC
SL 9.03 16.1 11.79 1.39 0.13 11.84
HH 2.05 4.12 2.79 0.44 0.04 15.8
HL 2.34 4.55 3.13 0.56 0.05 17.7
MBH1 2.7 5.1 3.608 0.59 0.06 16.41
MBH2 2.5 4.6 3.39 0.51 0.05 15.1
ED 0.8 1.55 0.97 0.15 0.01 16.13
IO 0.7 1.47 0.93 0.12 0.01 13.2
TL 11.04 17.27 14.22 1.72 0.16 12.13
HH/HL 0.7 1.12 0.89 0.08 0.01 9.08
MBH2/SL 0.24 0.36 0.28 0.02 0.001 7.34
TL/MBH1 3.2 4.93 3.98 0.28 0.02 7.27
HL/ED 2.5 5 3.25 0.44 0.04 13.56
HL/SL 0.21 0.33 0.26 0.02 0.002 9.5
HH/SL 0.2 0.29 0.23 0.01 0.001 8.01
MBH2/HH 0.93 1.5 1.22 0.10 0.009 8.41
HL/IO 2.5 5 3.330 0.478 0.044 14.37
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