Open Access

AI Implementation in ODR: A Game-Changer or a Troublemaker of Data Protection


Cite

Mutnick v. Clearview AI, Inc., No. 1:20-cv-01778 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 11, 2020) Search in Google Scholar

Case 284/16 Slovak Republic v. Achmea, EU:C:2018:158. Retrieved from: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62016CJ0284&lang1=en&type=TXT&ancre [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Case No 2018-54 Tennant Energy, LLC v Government of Canada, Tribunal’s Communication to the Parties (Perm Ct Arb, 2019). Retrieved from: https://www.italaw.com/cases/7250 [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Case No. 2012-12 Philip Morris v. Australia, PCA, Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility dated December 17, 2015. Retrieved from: https://www.italaw.com/sites/default/files/case-documents/italaw7303_0.pdf [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Esso Australia Res. Ltd. v. Plowman (1995) 128 A.L.R 391, 183 C.L.R. 10 (Austl.) Search in Google Scholar

Case No. T 1881-99 Bulgarian Foreign Trade Bank Ltd. v. AI Trade Finance Inc (Swedish Sup. Ct. 27 Oct. 2000). Retrieved from https://www.arbitration.sccinstitute.com/views/pages/getfile.ashx?portalId=89&docId=1083535&propId=1578 [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Abitration Intelligence. Retrieved from: https://arbitratorintelligence.com [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Alexander, N Alexander N. (2006), ‘Mobile mediation: How technology is driving the globalization of ADR’, Hamline Journal of Public Law and Policy, Vol. 27, No. 2 Search in Google Scholar

Almaguer A. E. and Baggott III R. W. (1998), ‘Shaping New Legal Frontiers: Dispute Resolution for the Internet’, Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, Vol. 13 Search in Google Scholar

American Bar Association (2002), ‘Task Force on Electronic Commerce and Alternative Dispute, Addressing Disputes in Electronic Commerce’, Final Report, p.132. Retrieved from: http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/dispute/documents/FinalReport102802.authcheckdam.pdf [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Bartl M. (2017), ‘Facebook, Big Data, and Privatization of Justice in the Digital Age’. Retrieved from: https://www.fljs.org/facebook-big-data-and-privatization-justice-digital-age [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Bidgoli H. (2004), The Internet Encyclopedia, USA: John wiley & Sons Search in Google Scholar

Casey B., Farhangi A. and Vogl R. (2019), ‘Rethinking Explainable Machines: The GDPR’s “Right to Explanation” Debate and the Rise of Algorithmic Audits in Enterprise’, Berkeley Technology Law Journal, Vol. 34 Search in Google Scholar

China Daily (2019), ‘Beijing Internet Court Launches AI judge’, 28 June 2019. Retrieved from: http://www.china-daily.com.cn/a/201906/28/WS5d156cada3103dbf1432ac74.html [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Diakopoulos N. (2014), ‘Algorithmic Accountability Reporting: On the Investigation of Black Boxes’. Retrieved from: https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8ZK5TW2 [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Elite Data Science (2019), ‘Overfitting in Machine Learning: What It Is and How to Prevent It’. Retrieved from: https://elitedatascience.com/overfitting-in-machine-learning [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

European Commission (2011), ‘Commission Staff Working Paper: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Alternative Dispute Resolution for consumer disputes (Directive on consumer ADR) (COM(2011) 793 final) and Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Online Dispute Resolution for consumer disputes (Regulation on consumer ODR) (SEC(2011) 1409 final)’. Retrieved from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201204/20120425ATT43950/20120425ATT43950EN.pdf [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Gellman A. J. (n.d.), ‘Alternative Dispute Resolution: An Overview’, National Consumer ADR Advisory Council. Retrieved from: https://www.umass.edu/dispute/ncair/gellman.htm [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Gizem Halis Kasap (2021), ‘Can Artifificial Intelligence (“AI”) Replace Human Arbitrators? Technological Concerns and Legal Implications’, Journal of Dispute Resolution, Vol. 2021, No. 2 Search in Google Scholar

Hattotuwa S. & Conley Tyler M. (2006), ‘An Asian Perspective on Online Mediation’, Asian Journal of Mediation, Feb. 2. Retrieved from: http://hellsdireagent.blogsome.com/2006/02/02/an-asian-perspective-on-online-mediation/ [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Hess B., Bergström M., & Storskrubb E. (2016), EU Civil Justice: Current Issues and Future Outlook, Bloomsbury Publishing Search in Google Scholar

Hildebrandt M. (2017), ‘Law As Computation in the Era of Artificial Legal Intelligence’, Speaking Law to the Power of Statistics Search in Google Scholar

Hörnle J. (2002), ‘Online dispute resolution in business to consumer e-commerce Transactions’, JILT 2, p. 169. Retrieved from: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2002_2/hornle/#a2 [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Hornle J. (2003), ‘Online dispute resolution: the emperor’s new clothes? The benefits and pitfalls of online dispute resolution and its application to commercial arbitration’, International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, Vol. 17, No. 1 Search in Google Scholar

International Council for Commercial Arbitration, Report No. 6: ICCA-NYC Bar-CPR Protocol on Cybersecurity in International Arbitration. Retrieved from: https://cdn.arbitration-icca.org/s3fs-public/document/media_document/icca-nyc_bar-cpr_cybersecurity_protocol_for_internationalarbitration_-_print_version.pdf [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Investment Policy Hub (2022), ‘Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator: Argentina’. Retrieved from: https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/country/8/argentina/investor [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Jenner A. (2017), ‘The future of dispute resolution: AI’, Kennedys Law, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.kennedyslaw.com/thought-leadership/article/the-future-of-dispute-resolution-ai [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Jhusiwala R. (2010), ‘Online dispute resolution: a step in the right direction’, Dispute Resolution Bulletin, Issue V Search in Google Scholar

Kathleen P. & Edna S. (2018), ‘Artificial Intelligence Challenges and Opportunities for International Arbitration’, NYSBA New York Dispute Resolution Lawyer, Vol. 11, No. 1 Search in Google Scholar

Katsh E. & Rifkin J. (2001), Online Dispute Resolution: Resolving Conflicts in Cyberspace, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco Search in Google Scholar

Katz D. M., Bommarito II, M. J., Blackman J., & Cai L. (2017), ‘A general approach for predicting the behavior of the Supreme Court of the United States’, PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, No. 4, e0174698. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174698 [accessed 12 March 2023]. Search in Google Scholar

Kaufmann-Kolher G. & Schultz T. (2004), ‘Online Dispute Resolution: Challenges for Contemporary Justice’, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International Search in Google Scholar

Klaas P. (2017), ‘International Commercial Arbitration’ Retrieved from: https://www.ccarbitrators.org/wp-content/uploads/International-Commercial-Arbitration.pdf [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Lee J. (2022), ‘Investment arbitration in Asia: navigating the challenges of a diverse region’, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Vol. 13, No. 1 Search in Google Scholar

Lide E. C. (1996), ‘ADR and Cyberspace: The Role of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Online Commerce, Intellectual Property and Defamation’, Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, Vol. 12, No. 6 Search in Google Scholar

Lodder A. (2006), ‘The Third Party and Beyond: An Analysis of the Different Parties, in particular The Fifth, Involved in Online Dispute Resolution’, Information and Communications Technology Law, Vol. 15 Search in Google Scholar

Mahnoor W. (2022), ‘The Use of AI in Arbitral Proceedings’, Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, Vol. 37, No. 3 Search in Google Scholar

New York City Bar Association (2014), ‘International Commercial Disputes Committee: Publication of International Awards and Decisions’. Retrieved from: https://www2.nycbar.org/pdf/report/uploads/20072645-PublicationofInternationalArbitrationAwardsandDecisions.pdf [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Niiler E. (2019), ‘Can AI Be a Fair Judge in Court? Estonia Thinks So’, Wired Magazine, 25 March 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.wired.com/story/can-ai-be-fair-judge-court-estonia-thinks-so/ [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Orr D. & Rule C. (2017), ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Online Dispute Resolution’, Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal, 10 Search in Google Scholar

Paul B. M., Mansi K., Steven K. (2019), ‘Artificial Intelligence and Arbitration: The Computer as an Arbitrator—Are We There Yet?’, Dispute Resolution Journal, Vol. 74,, No. 4 Search in Google Scholar

Penn State Law News (2018), ‘Arbitrator Intelligence Launches Questionnaire and Signs Agreement with Singapore’. Retrieved from: https://pennstatelaw.psu.edu/news/arbitrator-intelligence-launches-questionnaire-signs-agreement-singapore [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Peters S. (2021), ‘The evolution of alternative dispute resolution and online dispute resolution and online dispute resolution in the European Union’, En: Revista CES Derecho, Vol. 12, No. 1 Search in Google Scholar

Peterson L. E. (2015), ‘Permanent Court of Arbitration Website Goes Offline, With Cyber-Security Firm Contending That Security Flaw Was Exploited in Concert With China-Philippines Arbitration’. Retrieved from: https://www.iareporter.com/articles/permanent-court-of-arbitration-goes-offline-with-cyber-security-firm-contending-that-security-flaw-was-exploited-in-lead-up-to-china-philippines-arbitration/ [accessed 12 Mar 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Rhim Y.-Y. & Park K. (2019), ‘The Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in International Law’, Journal of East Asia & International Law, Vol. 12, No. 1 Search in Google Scholar

Rojas C. P. (2021), ‘The Application of Artificial Intelligence and its Implications on the Right to a Fair Trial: A Critical Analysis’, International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 19-38. Retrieved from: https://www.elevenjournals.com/tijdschrift/ijodr/2021/2/IJODR_2352-5002_2021_008_002_002 [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Scherer M. (2019), ‘Artificial Intelligence and Legal Decision-Making: The Wide Open?’, Journal of International Arbitration, Vol. 36, No. 5 Search in Google Scholar

Smith T. (2017), ‘The Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Law: The New Frontier of Legal Practice’, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, Vol. 12, No. 7. Retrieved from: https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/c.php?g=557240&p=3832247 [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2021), ‘Public Goods’. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/public-goods/#DefiPublGoodDistBetwDiffKindPublGood [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Sternlight J. R. (2005), ‘Creeping Mandatory Arbitration: Is It Just?’, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 57 Search in Google Scholar

Tackbery J., Marriott A. & Sweet H. (2001), Bernstein’s Handbook of Arbitration Dispute Resolution Practic, 4th ed, London: Sweet & Maxell Search in Google Scholar

The Guardian (2019), ‘Alexa, Florida death witness: Amazon Echo may hold key to what happened in man’s final moments’, November 1, 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/nov/01/alexa-florida-death-witness-amazon-echo [accessed 12 March 2023] Search in Google Scholar

Varian H. R. (1992), Microeconomic Analysis, 3rd edition, New York: Norton Search in Google Scholar

Wei D. (2017), ‘Consumer Protection in the Global Context: The Present Status and Some New Trend’, in Marques C. and Wei D. (eds.), Consumer Law and Socioeconomic Development: National and International Dimensions, Springer Search in Google Scholar

Wei D. and Tian Z., ‘Comparison of Online Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the European Union, the United States and China: Suggestions on Possible Future Work of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)’ Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2719-3004
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Law, International Law, Foreign Law, Comparative Law, other, Commercial Law, Labor Law, Public Law