Open Access

Self-Responsibility of the Japanese Hostages in Iraq: Discourse Analysis of Japanese Daily Newspapers Concerning the Self-Responsibility Discussion in April 2004


Cite

Asahi Chronicle: The 20th Century 1971–1980 朝日クロニクル20世紀1971-1980. Nihon to sekai no 100nen. Asahi koronikuru 20seiki 1971–1980. Showa 46 nen – Showa 55 nen. Rettō kaizō yume zasetsu. Dai 7 maki 日本と世界の100 年。朝日コロニクル20世紀1971-1980。昭和46年-昭和55年。列島改造夢挫折。第7巻 [Japan and the world. Asahi Chronicle of the 20th century 1971–1980. Showa 46 – Showa 55. Dream and failure of the new creation of the string of islands. Volume 7]. Tōkyō: Asahi Shinbun Publishing, 2000Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Seifu sokudan ‘chūryū keizoku’. Hōdan, yūkai dōyō hirogaru” 政府即断「駐留は継続」砲弾・誘拐動揺広がる [The government’s immediate decision ‘deployment continues’. Missiles and abductions, the tumult is expanding]. April 9, 2004a, p.2Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Kyūshutsu ni zenryoku o ageyo” 救出に全力をあげよ [Mobilising all forces for the rescue]. April 9, 2004b, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Kokorozashi idaki ‘kikenchitai’ e. Iraku 3 hōjin rachi. Shōgeki no eizō, kooru kazoku” 志抱き「危険地帯」へ。衝撃の映像、凍る家族 [With a heart full of will-power into the ‘danger zone’. Abduction of three Japanese in Iraq. Related video, the families are shocked. ‘If I hadn’t let him go...’]. April 9, 2004c, p. 23Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Jieitai tettai motome demo. Kokkai shuuhen. ‘Heiwa nozomu nara, suguni’” 自衛隊撤退求めデモ。国会周辺「平和望むなら、すぐに」 [Demonstrations to demand withdrawal of troops. Close to the parliament ‘If you want peace then now’]. April 10, 2004d, p. 26Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Kokuikkoku. Shimin mo kunō” 刻一刻市民も苦悩 [Counting every minute. Also citizens are suffering]. April 11, 2004e, p. 26Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Hatarakikake tsukamenu tegotae. Furimawasareru seifu. Ikki ichiyū ni chūkaisha mo hannō” 働きかけつかめぬ手応え。 振り回される政府。 一喜一憂に仲介者の反応 [Resistance one cannot influence. The government is led up the garden path. Mediators are effective for the mixed feelings of mourning and joy?]. April 13, 2004f, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Jieitai tettai o negau koe mo kike” 自衛隊撤退を願う声も聞け [Listen also to the voices that call for SDF withdrawal]. April 13, 2004g, p. 11Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Aisawa fukudaijin. ‘Hōjin kaihō naku, ikan.’ Chūkokujin/roshiajin ha Kaihō” 逢沢副大臣「邦人解放なく、遺憾」。中国人・ロシア人は解放 [Vice-Foreign Minister Aisawa. ‘Sorry, Japanese are not released.’ Chinese/Russians freed]. April 14, 2004h, p. 1Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Sentō chiikinai ha beigun tanomi. Kokugai yusō ha C130 shiyō mo” 戦闘地域内は米軍頼み。国外輸送はC130使用も [At the combat zone asking the US troops. International transport – even C130 active]. April 15, 2004i, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Hitojichi no kazoku. Kore ijō kurushimeruna” 人質の家族。これ以上苦しめるな [Hostages’ families. Tantalising them even more]. April 15, 2004j, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Hitojichi 3 hōjin kaihō. Nihontaishikan ni hogo. Genkina sugata, TV hōei” 人質3邦人解放。日本大使館に保護。元気な姿、TV 放映 [Three hostages released. Safe at the Japanese embassy. Healthy shape]. April 16, 2004k, p. 1Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Kukyō no seifu ni rōhō. Chokuzen made kakushin jōhō nashi. ‘Fuumei no2, taihenshinpai.’ Kawaguchi gaisō kaiken” 苦境の政府に朗報。直前まで核心 情報 なし。「不明の2、大変心配」。川口外相会見 [Good news for the government in pain. No concrete news till now. ‘Two missing, great worries.’ Foreign Minister Kawaguchi’s press conference]. April 16, 2004l, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Hiyō ‘dare ga futan’” 費用「誰が負担」 [Expenses ‘Who has to pay’]. April 17, 2004m, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Iraku to NGO. ‘Jikosekinin’ ron de iidoka?” イラクとNGO。 「自己責任」論でいいのか [Iraq and NGO. Is the ‘self-responsibility’ discussion positive?], April 17, 2004n, p. 13Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Kazoku ‘minasan no okage’” 家族「皆さんのおかげ」 [Family ‘Thanks to all of you’]. April 18, 2004o, p. 23Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Seifuryū ‘jikosekinin’ ni iron. NGO, jindō shien e eikyō keinen” 政府「自己責任」に異論。NGO、人道支援へ影響懸念 [The government’s different views on ‘self-responsibility’. NGO, threat to influence humanitarian aid]. April 20, 2004p, p. 26Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Jikosekinin ron to kokka no moraru” 自己責任論と国家のモラル [Self-responsibility discussion and state moral]. April 20, 2004q, p. 13Search in Google Scholar

Asahi Shinbun 朝日新聞. “Jikosekinin. Watashitachi ha kō kangaeru” 自己責任。私たちは こう考える [Self-responsibility. That’s how we think]. April 21, 2004r, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Blommaert, Jan. Discourse. A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 200510.1017/CBO9780511610295Search in Google Scholar

Fairclough, Norman. Media Discourse. London: Arnold, 1995aSearch in Google Scholar

Fairclough, Norman. Critical Discourse Analysis. The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman, 1995bSearch in Google Scholar

Fairclough, Norman. “Critical Discourse Analysis as a Method in Social Scientific Research.” In Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, edited by Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer. London: Sage, 200110.4135/9780857028020.n6Search in Google Scholar

Fujitake, Akira 藤竹暁, ed. Zusetsu nihon no masumedia. Dai ni han. 図説日本のマスメディア[The Japanese mass media. 2nd edition]. Tōkyō: Nihon Hōsō Shuppan Kyōkai, 2005Search in Google Scholar

Gaimushō 外務省. Gaikō-seisho 外交青書 [Blue book of international relations]. Tōkyō: Gaimushō, 1997Search in Google Scholar

Gaimushō 外務省. Gaikō-seisho 外交青書 [Blue book of international relations]. Tōkyō: Gaimushō, 2000Search in Google Scholar

Gaimushō 外務省. “Question concerning Japanese officials dispatched to Jordan and Iraq.” Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Web site, 2004. http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/press/2004/10/1029.html, accessed July 2007Search in Google Scholar

Gaimushō 外務省. Gaikō-seisho 外交青書 [Blue book of international relations]. Tōkyō: Gaimushō, 2005Search in Google Scholar

Hook, Glenn D., and Takeda Hiroko. “‘Self-responsibility’ and the Nature of the Postwar Japanese State: Risk through the Looking Glass.” In The Journal of Japanese Studies, 33/1, 2007, pp. 93-12310.1353/jjs.2007.0016Search in Google Scholar

Imai, Noriaki 今井紀明. Jikosekinin. ima akasu ‘iraku kōsoku’ to ‘nippon’ 自己責任。 いま 明かす「イラク拘束」と「ニッポン」 [Self-responsibility. The ‘imprisonment in Iraq’ and ‘Japan’, which I am now revealing]. Tōkyō: Kōdansha, 2004Search in Google Scholar

Karrenbauer, Petra. “Entwicklungspolitische Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen in Japan.” In Bonner Japanforschungen Vol. 20, edited by Josef Kreiner and Petra Pantzer. Bonn: Bier’sche Verlag-sanstalt, 2000Search in Google Scholar

Leheny, David. Think Global, Fear Local: Sex, Violence, and Anxiety in Contemporary Japan. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 2006Search in Google Scholar

Loosli, Urs. Die Sprache der japanischen Presse und ihre normativen Aspekte. Unter Berücksichtigung der Asahi Shinbun. Munich: iudicum, 1998Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Narawareta ‘minkanjin’. Nihon hyōteki ga genjitsu ni kokusai seron yusaburu” 狙われた「民間人」。日本標的が現実に国際世論揺さぶる [‘Civilians’ are targeted. The target, Japan, is really shocking international public opinion]. April 9, 2004a, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Nihon ha terorisuto no odoshi kussuru” 日本は テロリストの脅しに屈しない [Japan is not giving in to terrorist threats]. April 10, 2004b, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Kyūshutsu o yūsen. Yoyatō kyōryoku. Minshu, tettairon tanaage. ‘Seiji kyūsen’ Seron ha futōmei” 救出を優先与野党協力。民主、撤退論棚上げ。 「政治休戦」世論は不透明 [Priority for rescue operation. Co-operation of ruling and opposition parties. Minshu, freezing withdrawal discourse. ‘Armistice in the government’ public opinion unclear]. April 10, 2004c, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Hirō chikuseki kazokura genkai. taichō kuzushi tsugi tsugi taoreru” 疲労蓄積 家族ら限界。体調崩し次々倒れる [Fatigue is piling on, families have arrived at limit. Collapse of physical strength, one after another collapsing]. April 13, 2004d, p. 39Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Shushō ‘bei no iraku seisaku shien’. Hitojichi jiken, kotoba sukunai” 首相「米のイラク政策支援」。人質事件、言葉少ない [Prime Minister ‘supporting the US measures in Iraq’. Hostage crisis, few words]. April 15, 2004e, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Towareru hōjin hogosaku. Tokōsha no dōkō haaku ga kyūmu ni” 問われる邦人保護策。渡航者の動向把握が急務に [Required measures to protect Japanese abroad. Gathering tendency concerning travelling abroad is urgent]. April 16, 2004f, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Seishokusha no settoku minoru. ‘Nihongo no tsūyaku o’ taishikan ni denwa” 聖職者の説得実る [Persuasion of clergy bearing result. ‘Japanese Translator’ calling at the embassy]. April 16, 2004g, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Inori tsūjita kazoku kanki. Tagai dakiai akushu” 祈り通じた家族歓喜。互い抱き合い握手 [Prayers helped, families glad. Hugging each other]. April 16, 2004h, p. 38Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Jikosekinin tou koe. Yotō de funshutsu” 自己責任問う声 与党で噴出 [Voices questioning about self-responsibility. Appearing in the ruling parties]. April 17, 2004i, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “Gaishō ‘anzen, mizura sekinin o’” 外相「安全、 自ら責任を」 [Foreign Ministry ‘Taking on responsibility for oneself’]. April 18, 2004j, p. 1Search in Google Scholar

Nihon Keizai Shinbun 日本経済新聞. “‘Risuku yoku kangaete.’ Shiensha ra”「リスクはよく考えて」支援者ら [‘Think about the risks.’ The supporters]. April 18, 2004k, p. 35Search in Google Scholar

Osa, Yukie長有紀枝, and Michiya Kumaoka 路矢熊岡. “Sekai no naka, nihon no naka de no NGO no genzai. Heiwa no kiten toshite no NGO” 世界の中、日本の中でのNGOの現在。 平和の起点としてのNGO [The presence of NGOs in Japan and in the world. NGO as starting point of peace]. In Toshi Mondai 96/8, 2005, pp. 33-48Search in Google Scholar

Pohl, Manfred. Japan. München: Beck, 2004Search in Google Scholar

Selden, Mark, and Alvin Y. So. “Introduction: War and State Terrorism.” In War and State Terrorism. The United States, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific in the Long Twentieth Century, edited by Mark Selden and Alvin Y. So. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004Search in Google Scholar

Takashima, Hatsuhisa. “Helping out in Iraq. The Two Slain Diplomats and Reconstruction Aid for Iraq.” In Japan Echo. 4/Vol. 31/2, 2004, pp. 13-19Search in Google Scholar

Takikawa, Hirohide 瀧川裕英. “Mitsu no ‘jikosekinin ron’” 三つの「自己責任論」 [Three Self-responsibility discussions], 2004. Online: http://www.ac-net.org/honor/, accessed July 2007Search in Google Scholar

University Duisburg-Essen. “Jürgen Link: Kollektivsymbole.” University of Duisburg-Essen Web site. http://www.unidue.de/einladung/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=379%3A8-5-kollektivsymbolik&catid=45%3Akapitel-8&Itemid=55, accessed August 2011.Search in Google Scholar

Weiß, Joseph. “Grundzüge und Tendenzen der japanischen Außenpolitik”. In Japan 2000/2001. Politik und Wirtschaft, edited by Manfred Pohl and Iris Wieczorek. Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 2001Search in Google Scholar

Weiss, Linda. “Developmental States in Transition: Adapting, Dismantling, Innovating, not Normalizing.” In The Pacific Review, 13/1, 2000, pp. 21-5510.1080/095127400363631Search in Google Scholar

Westney, D. Eleanor. “Mass Media as Business Organizations: A U.S.-Japanese Comparison.” In Media and Politics in Japan, edited by Susan J. Pharr and Ellis S. Krauss. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996Search in Google Scholar

Wodak, Ruth. Disorders of Discourse. London: Longman, 1996Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “‘Tero ni ha kusshinai’. Seifu, kizen to taisho. Kokusai shien no ashinami iji” 「テロには屈しない」。政府、毅然と対処。国際支援の足並み維持 [‘We are not giving in to terrorism’. Government, steadfastness and eligible measures. Maintenance of co-operation in international support]. April 9, 2004a, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Hiretsuna odoshi ni kusshite naranai” 卑劣な脅しに屈してならない [We are not obeying these mean threats]. April 9, 2004b, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Nerawareru kaigai hōjin. Hanbei no kagekiha? Jittai fumei no soshiki” 狙われる海外法人。反米の過激派?実体不明の組織 [Japanese abroad are the target. An anti-American sect? An organisation whose nature is unknown]. April 9, 2004c, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Yotō ‘tettai nara shinyō shittsui’. Kokusai sekinin o juushi. Yatō mo hankō hinan” 与党「撤退なら信用失墜 [The ruling parties ‘losing trust if withdrawing’. Taking international responsibility seriously. Even opposition parties are criticising crime], April 9, 2004d, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Kantei, bōeichō... gekishin hashiru. Kanbōchōkan ‘tsuyoi ikidoori’. Gaimushō jōhō shūshū ni owareru” 官邸、防衛庁… 激震走る。 官房長官「強い憤り」。 外務省情報収集に追われる [Residence, Ministry of Defence... a strong vibration is running through. Minister of State ‘filled with indignation’. The Foreign Ministry, collection of information persued]. April 9, 2004e, p. 38Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Faruuja kinto de kōsoku ka. Seifu, mikata tsuyomeru. Jōhō shūshū rengōkoku to kinmitsu renkei” ファルージャ近郊で拘束か。 政府、見方強める。情報 収集連合国と緊密連携 [Have they been abducted in a suburb of Falluja? Government, bolster opinion. Information accumulation. Close co-operation with the allied countries], April 10, 2004f, p. 1Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Shushō no, ‘tettai kyohi’ hyōmei o shien suru” 首相の「撤退 拒否」 表明を支援する [We are supporting the statement ‘refusing withdrawal’ by the Prime Minister]. April 10, 2004g, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Shunbetsu subeki ‘kaihō’ to iraku seisaku” 峻別すべき「解放」 とイラク政策 [Clear separation between ‘release’ and political measures in Iraq]. April 13, 2004h, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Seifu ni kyōryoku nantoka iji. Tōnai ‘tettai ron’ mo aitsugu. Tero ni kusshinai” 政府に協力何とか維持。党内「撤退論」も相次ぐ。テロに屈しない [Maintaining co-operation with the government. ‘Withdrawal discussions’ within the party. No giving in to terrorism], April 13, 2004i, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Dakka jiken kara 27nen” ダッカ事件から27年 [27 years since the Dhakar case]. April 15, 2004j, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Yorokobashii ga kyōkun mo sukunai” 喜ばしいが教訓も少ない [The joy is not without lecturing]. April 16, 2004k, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Seifu shōsō no yōkakan. Tsugitsugi shutsugen ‘chuukaisha’. ‘ikkiichiyū sezu’ 政府 焦燥の8日間。続々出現「仲介者」 [Troubling eight days for the government. One ‘mediator’ after another appeared. ‘One time happy, one time sad’ motto]. April 16, 2004l, p. 4Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Towareru ‘sekinin’. Mushi sareta taihi kankoku. Gaimushō, kojin no kōdō haaku konnan” 問われる「自己責任」。無視された退避勧告。外務省、個人の行動把握困難 [Questioning about ‘self-responsibility’. The ignored departure advice. Foreign Ministry, gather the individual actions]. April 16, 2004m, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Karui kōdō omoi sekinin” 軽い行動重い責任 [Careless behaviour, much responsibility]. April 16, 2004n, p. 34Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “‘Seiji ketsudan to sekinin’ koso honshitu” 「政治決断と責任」 こそ本質 [‘Political decision and responsibility’ is substantial]. April 18, 2004o, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “‘Busō seiryoku risuru’. Hogo 2 hōjin ga seimei ‗dentatsu’. Seifu mubōna kōdō o hihan 「武装勢力利する」保護2邦人が声明、伝達。 政府無謀な行動を批判 [‘Utilising armed forces’. The two saved are ‘delivering’ explanation. Government criticises imprudent actions]. April 18, 2004p, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞., “‘Taihi kankoku ni shitagatte’. Rajio de shushō. Tokō kinshi hōseika ha konnan” 「退避勧告に従って」ラジオで首相、渡航禁止法制化は困難 [‘Follow the departure advice’. Prime Minister on the radio about the difficulty of a law prohibiting travelling abroad]. April 18, 2004q, p. 2Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Hitojichi jiken. Takatō sanra 3nin kikoku” 人質事件。 高遠さんら3人帰国 [Hostage crisis. Takatō and the others are returning to Japan]. April 19, 2004r, p. 1Search in Google Scholar

Yomiuri Shinbun 読売新聞. “Jimin Kashiwamura giin. Sanin kessani de. ‘Hitojichi no naka ni hannichiteki bunshi’. ‘Chuugoku ni jinken nante nai’” 自民柏村議員。参院決算委で。 「人質の中に反日的分子」。「中国に人権なんてない」 [LDP representative Kashiwamura. Upper house striking the balance. ‘Anti-Japanese elements among the hostages’. ‘No human rights in China’]. April 27, 2004s, p. 3Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2521-7038
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Cultural Studies, General Cultural Studies, Literary Studies, general, Social Sciences, other