Open Access

European Consumer Protection Regarding Recycling Products Made from End-of-Life Tires in the Context of the Circular Economy

 and   
Dec 20, 2024

Cite
Download Cover

NAVAZAS, A. 2021 Boosting tyre recycling: Essential to the European Green Deal. EURACTIVE.Search in Google Scholar

AVILÉS-PALACIOS, C. – RODRÍGUEZ-OLALLA, A. 2021. The Sustainability of Waste Management Models in Circular Economies. In Sustainability, vol. 13, 2021, pp. 7105.Search in Google Scholar

BfR. Risikobewertung von Chemikalien unter REACH. https://www.bfr.bund.de/de/risikobewertung_von_chemikalien_unter_reach-223.htmlSearch in Google Scholar

BRANDSMA, S. H. – BRITS, M. – GROENEWOUD, Q. R. – VAN VELZEN, M. J. M. – LEONARDS, P. E. G. – BOER, J. 2019. de Chlorinated Paraffins in Car Tires Recycled to Rubber Granulates and Playground Tiles. In Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 53, 2019, pp. 7595–603.Search in Google Scholar

CELEIRO, M. – ARMADA, D. – DAGNAC, T. – BOER, J. DE – LLOMPART, M. 2021. Hazardous compounds in recreational and urban recycled surfaces made from crumb rubber. Compliance with current regulation and future perspectives. In The Science of the total environment, vol. 755, 2021.Search in Google Scholar

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 2000 Seventeenth Annual Report on Monitoring the Application of Community Law (1999). Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000.Search in Google Scholar

CORVELLEC, H. – STOWELL, A. F. – JOHANSSON, N. Critiques of the circular economy. In Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 26, 2022, pp. 421–432.Search in Google Scholar

DIRECTIVE 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council’ in Radley-Gardner, O. R. – G. QC, H. Beale, R. Zimmermann and R. Schulze (eds.). Fundamental texts on European private law, 2nd ed., Hart Publishing Limited, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

ECHA, Mission: Who we are. https://echa.europa.eu/about-us/who-we-are/missionSearch in Google Scholar

ETRMA, Circular Economy is a system to reduce – and eventually eliminate – waste and manage raw materials’ scarcity through the continual use of resources. https://www.etrma.org/key-topics/circular-economy/Search in Google Scholar

EuRIC MTR. 2023. Mechanical Tyre Recycling Fact Sheet: Recycling: Bridging circular economy & climate policy. Brussels, 2023. https://euric.org/resource-hub/reports-studies/mechanical-tyre-recycling-factsheet Search in Google Scholar

FAZLI, A. – RODRIGUE, D. 2020. Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)/Rubber Compounds: A Review. In Journal of Composites Science, vol. 4, 2020, no. 3, pp. 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030103Search in Google Scholar

FORMELA, K. 2021. Sustainable development of waste tires recycling technologies – recent advances, challenges and future trends. In Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, vol. 7, 2021, no. 4, pp. 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.004Search in Google Scholar

FRANZ, R. – GRUBER, L. 2018. Determination of migration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from a polyurethane(PU)-coated rubber slab. In Test Report, 2018.Search in Google Scholar

HARITASH, A. K. – KAUSHIK, C. P. 2009. Biodegradation aspects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. In Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 169, 2009, pp. 1–15.Search in Google Scholar

HOFMANN, T. G. 2020. Expert opinion on the toxicological risk assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in rubber products and safety salbs made of granulte from recycled used tires. 2020.Search in Google Scholar

JONGENEELEN, F. J. 1997. Methods for routine biological monitoring of carcinogenic PAH-mixtures. In Science of The Total Environment, vol. 199, 1997, pp. 141–149.Search in Google Scholar

LACH, S. – POLLY, S. 2015. Produktsicherheitsgesetz: Leitfaden für hersteller und händler. 2nd ed., Wiesbaden (Germany) : Springer Gabler, 2015.Search in Google Scholar

LAWAL, A. T. 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A review. In Cogent Environmental Science, vol. 3, 2017.Search in Google Scholar

LLOMPART, M. – SANCHEZ-PRADO, L. – PABLO LAMAS, J. – GARCIA-JARES, C. – ROCA, E. – DAGNAC, T. 2013.Hazardous organic chemicals in rubber recycled tire playgrounds and pavers. In Chemosphere, vol. 90, 2013, pp. 423–431.Search in Google Scholar

MUGNIER, E. – FARHANGI, C. – KLEY, S. – AUREZ, V. 2016. The socio-economic impact of truck tyre retreading in Europe: The circular economy of tyres in danger. EY, Building a better working world, 2016.Search in Google Scholar

PETRY, T. – KNOWLES, R. – MEADS, R. 2006. An analysis of the proposed REACH regulation. In Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, vol. 44, 2006, pp. 24–32.Search in Google Scholar

PRESTON, F. 2012. A global redesign? Shaping the circular economy: Energy, Environment and Resource Governance. 2012.Search in Google Scholar

PRODUCT SAFETY Act. https://www.baua.de/EN/Tasks/Statutory-and-sovereign-tasks/Product-safety-act/Product-safety-act_node.html [03 September 2022]Search in Google Scholar

REACH, annex XVII, restrictions on the manufacture, placing on the market and use of certain dangerous substances, mixtures and articles : ReachOnline. https://reachonline.eu/reach/en/annex-xvii.html [03 September 2022].Search in Google Scholar

REACH – Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. https://reachonline.eu/REACH/EN/REACH_EN/article67.html [03 September 2022]Search in Google Scholar

REACH – the new European chemicals legislation – BfR. https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/reach___the_new_european_chemicals_legislation-9749.html [03 September 2022]Search in Google Scholar

RIZOS – TUOKKO – BEHRENS. 2017. The Circular Economy: A review of definitions, processes and impacts. 2017.Search in Google Scholar

SAUVÉ, S. – BERNARD, S. – SLOAN, P. 2016. Environmental sciences, sustainable development and circular economy: Alternative concepts for trans-disciplinary research. In Environmental Development, vol. 17, 2016, pp. 48–56.Search in Google Scholar

SHULMAN, V. L. 2019. Tire Recycling. In Waste, 2019, pp. 489–515.Search in Google Scholar

SKOCZYŃSKA, E. – LEONARDS, P. E. – LLOMPART, M. – BOER, J. 2021. Analysis of recycled rubber: Development of an analytical method and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic compounds in rubber matrices. In Chemosphere, vol. 276, 2021.Search in Google Scholar

SUMMER TOBOGGANS RUNS – Part 2: Safety requirements for operation. 2018.Search in Google Scholar

TOXICITY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs). 2012. Ed. by Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry, Case Studies in Environmental Medicine:Search in Google Scholar

TRUDSØ, L. L. – NIELSEN, M. B. – HANSEN, S. F. – SYBERG, K. – KAMPMANN, K. – KHAN, F. R. – PALMQVIST, A. 2022. The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations. In Environmental Pollution, vol. 311, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119974Search in Google Scholar

ZHANG, C. – HU, M. – DI MAIO, F. – SPRECHER, B. – YANG, X. – TUKKER, A. 2022. An overview of the waste hierarchy framework for analyzing the circularity in construction and demolition waste management in Europe. In The Science of the total environment, vol. 803, 2022.Search in Google Scholar

WORLD HEALT ORGANIZATION. Cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancerSearch in Google Scholar

Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Industrial Chemistry, Green and Sustainable Technology