A Causality Analysis of the Relationships Between Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Economic Growth and Employment in South Africa

Adegboyega, B., Odusanya I. (2014). Empirical analysis of trade openness, capital formation, FDI and economic growth: Nigeria experience. The International Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 1: 36-50.Search in Google Scholar

Anoruo, E., Ahmad, Y. (2001). Causal relationship between domestic savings and economic growth: Evidence from seven African countries. African Development Review, 13(2): 238-249.10.1111/1467-8268.00038Search in Google Scholar

Antelo, E., Valverde, F. (1994). Determinant of private investment in Bolivia. Unidad de Análisis de Políticas Sociales y Económicas, 8: 1-30.Search in Google Scholar

Attanasio, O., Picci, L., Scorcu, A. (2000). Saving, Growth, and Investment: A Macroeconomics Analysis using a Panel of Countries. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(2): 182-211.10.1162/003465300558731Search in Google Scholar

Bakare, A.S. (2011). A theoretical analysis of capital formation and growth in Nigeria. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 3(2): 11-24.Search in Google Scholar

Bekhet, H.A., Othman, N.S. (2011). Causality analysis among electricity consumption, consumer expenditure, gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign direct investment (FDI): Case study of Malaysia. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 3(4): 228-235.Search in Google Scholar

Blomstro, M., Lipsey, R., Zejan, M. (1996). Is fixed investment the key to economic growth? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111: 269-276.10.2307/2946665Search in Google Scholar

Bond, S., Lebeblicioglu, A., Schiantarelli, F. (2007). Capital accumulation and growth: A new look at the evidence. IZA Discussion, 1174. https://ideas.repec.org/a/jae/japmet/v25y2010i7p1073-1099.html10.1002/jae.1163Search in Google Scholar

Carroll, C.D., Weil, D.N. (1994). Savings and growth: a reinterpretation. Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 40: 133-192.10.1016/0167-2231(94)90006-XSearch in Google Scholar

Cheung, Y.W., Dooley, M.P., Sushko, V. (2012). Investment and growth in rich and poor countries (No. w17788). National Bureau of Economic Research.10.3386/w17788Search in Google Scholar

Coombs, R., Green, K. (1981). Microelectronics and the future of service employment. Service Industries Journal, 1(2): 4-21.10.1080/02642068100000007Search in Google Scholar

Davis, T.R. (1991). Information technology and white-collar productivity. The Executive, 5(1): 55-67.10.5465/ame.1991.4274721Search in Google Scholar

De Long, J.B., Summers, L.H. (1992). Equipment investment and economic growth: How strong is the nexus? Brookings Papers on Economics Activity, 157-211.10.2307/2534583Search in Google Scholar

Faulkner, D., Loewald, C., Makrelov, K. (2013). Achieving higher growth and employment: Policy options for South Africa. South African Reserve Bank Working Paper, 13(3): 1-35.Search in Google Scholar

Frey, B.C., Osborne, M. (2015). Technology at work: The future of innovation and employment. Global Perspectives & Solutions, 1-108.Search in Google Scholar

Hodge, D. (2009). Growth, employment and unemployment in South Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 77(4): 488-504.10.1111/j.1813-6982.2009.01226.xSearch in Google Scholar

Iacovoiu, V. B. (2012). Impact of Capital Investments on Unemployment in the Context of Economic Crisis. The Case of Romania. Economic Insights-Trends & Challenges, 64(4).Search in Google Scholar

Ibarra, D., Moreno-Brid, J.C. (2004). Private investment, foreign direct investment and economic growth. ECLAC, United Nations.Search in Google Scholar

Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econometrica, 59(6): 1551-1580.10.2307/2938278Search in Google Scholar

Jones, C. (1995). Time series tests of endogenous growth models. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2): 495-525.10.2307/2118448Search in Google Scholar

Kanu, S.I., Ozurumba, B.A. (2014). Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Global Journal of Human-Social Sciences, 4(4): 1-17.Search in Google Scholar

Karim, Z.A., Karim, B.A., Zaidi, M.A.S. (2012). Fixed investment, household consumption, and economic growth: A structural vector error correction model (SVECM) study of Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 13(1): 63-74.Search in Google Scholar

Keller, W., Yeaple, S. R. (2009). Multinational enterprises, international trade, and productivity growth: firm-level evidence from the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(4): 821-831.10.1162/rest.91.4.821Search in Google Scholar

Kumo, W.L. (2012). Infrastructure investment and economic growth in South Africa: A granger causality analysis. African development Bank Group Working Paper Series, (160). https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications.pdf. (accessed January 15, 2018).Search in Google Scholar

Kuznets, S. (1973). Modern economic growth: Rate, structure, and spread (Vol. 2). New Haven, US: Yale University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Levin, A., Lin, C. F., Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1-24.10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7Search in Google Scholar

Levine, R., Renelt, D. (1992) A sensitivity analysis of cross country growth regressions, American Economic Review, 82: 942-963.Search in Google Scholar

Mankiw, N.G., Romer, D., Weil, D. (1992) A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107: 407-437.10.2307/2118477Search in Google Scholar

McKinnon, R. I. (2010). Money and Capital in Economic Development. Brookings Institution Press.Search in Google Scholar

Mohsen, M., Maysam, M. (2013). The Causality between Capital Formation and Economic Growth in MENA Region. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 8, 1-7 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.8.110.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.8.1Search in Google Scholar

Mordecki, G., Ramírez, L. (2014). Investment, growth and employment: VECM for Uruguay. Serie Documentos de Trabajo/FCEA-IE; DT07/14.Search in Google Scholar

Neanywa, T., Makhenyane, L. (2016). Can investment activities in the form of capital formation influence economic growth in South Africa? SAAPAM Limpopo Chapter 5th Annual Conference Proceedings,1-10.Search in Google Scholar

Overseas Development Institute. (2016). What are the links between power, economic growth and job creation. Development Impact Evaluation, 1-30.Search in Google Scholar

Podrecca, E., Carmeci, G (2001). Fixed investment and economic growth: New results on causality. Applied Economics, 33: 177-182.10.1080/00036840122890Search in Google Scholar

Rajni, P. (2013). Linkages between export, import and capital formation in India. International Research Journal of Social Sciences. 2(3): 16-19.Search in Google Scholar

Reig, N. (2013). Effects of foreign direct investment on investment in Uruguay in a long run perspective (1960-2011). Department of Economics, Faculty of social sciences, Universidad de la República, 4: 1-20.Search in Google Scholar

Summers, R., Heston, A. (1991). A new set of international comparisons of real product and price levels estimates for 130 countries, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106: 327-368.Search in Google Scholar

Solow, R.J. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70: 65-94.10.2307/1884513Search in Google Scholar

Shuaib, I.M., Ndidi, N.D.E. (2015). Capital formation: Impact on the economic development of Nigeria 1960-2013. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 3(3): 23-40.Search in Google Scholar

Tobin, J. (1965). Money and economic growth. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 671-684.10.2307/1910352Search in Google Scholar

Ugochukwu, U.S., Chinyere, U.P. (2013). The impact of capital formation on the growth of Nigerian economy. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(9): 36-42.Search in Google Scholar