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Prevalence of Sarcopenia Among Slovenian Older Adults and Associated Risk Factors

Katarina PUŠ

Katarina PUŠ

  • Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
  • Alma Mater Europaea University, Department of Health Sciences, MariborMaribor, Slovenia
  • Faculty of Sport, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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PUŠ, Katarina
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Saša PIŠOT

Saša PIŠOT

Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
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PIŠOT, Saša
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Uroš MARUŠIČ

Uroš MARUŠIČ

  • Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
  • Alma Mater Europaea University, Department of Health Sciences, MariborMaribor, Slovenia
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MARUŠIČ, Uroš
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Manca PESKAR

Manca PESKAR

  • Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
  • Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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PESKAR, Manca
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Kaja TERAŽ

Kaja TERAŽ

  • Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
  • Clinical University Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of TriesteTrieste, Italy
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TERAŽ, Kaja
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Miloš KALC

Miloš KALC

Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
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KALC, Miloš
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Helena BLAŽUN VOŠNER

Helena BLAŽUN VOŠNER

Community Healthcare Center Adolf DrolcMaribor, Slovenia
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BLAŽUN VOŠNER, Helena
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Peter KOKOL

Peter KOKOL

Community Healthcare Center Adolf DrolcMaribor, Slovenia
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KOKOL, Peter
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Jernej ZAVRŠNIK

Jernej ZAVRŠNIK

Community Healthcare Center Adolf DrolcMaribor, Slovenia
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ZAVRŠNIK, Jernej
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Boštjan ŠIMUNIČ

Boštjan ŠIMUNIČ

Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology ResearchKoper, Slovenia
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ŠIMUNIČ, Boštjan
  
Feb 28, 2025
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Article Category: Original scientific article
Published Online: Feb 28, 2025
Page range: 103 - 111
Received: Sep 18, 2024
Accepted: Jan 07, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2025-0013
Keywords
© 2025 Katarina PUŠ et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Sarcopenia classification algorithms with cut-off points_

Algorithm name Algorithm with cut-off points Sarcopenia Sarcopenia severity
SDOC (5) Physical performance (<0.8m/s)Muscle strength (HGS; M:<35.5kg; F:<20kg) - physical performance AND - muscle strength NA
EWGSOP (severity algorithm) (2) Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87 kg/m2, F:<6.42 kg/m2)Muscle strength (HGS; M:<30 kg, F:<20 kg)Physical performance (gait speed<0.8 m/s) - muscle mass AND - muscle strength OR - physical performance - muscle mass AND - muscle strength OR - physical performance
EWGSOP (2) Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s)Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87kg/m2, F:<6.42 kg/m2 Physical performance (gait speed>0.8m/s)Muscle strength (HGS; M:<30 kg F:<20 kg)Muscle mass (BIA: ASM/ht2; M:<8.87kg/m2, F:<6.42kg/m2) - physical performance AND - muscle strength - normal physical performance AND - muscle strength AND - muscle mass NA
EWGSOP2 (3) Positive screening test (Sarc-F≥4)Muscle strength (HGS; M:<27kg; F:<16kg OR 5STS>15s)Muscle quantity or quality (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.0kg/m2; F:<5.5kg/m2)Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s OR TUG≥20s) Positive screening test AND - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance Positive screening test AND - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance
EWGSOP2 without Sarc-F Muscle strength (HGS; M: <27kg; F: <16kg OR 5STS >15s)Muscle quantity or quality (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.0 kg/m2; F:<5.5kg/m2)Physical performance (gait speed≤0.8m/s OR TUG≥20 s) - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND/OR - physical performance - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND - physical performance
IWGS (6) Muscle quantity (BIA ASM/ht2; M:<7.23kg/m2; F:<5.67kg/m2)Physical performance (gait speed<1.0m/s) - physical performance AND - muscle quantity NA
FNIH (4) Muscle quantity (BIA ASMM; M<19.75kg; F<15.02kg)Muscle strength (HGS; M:<26kg; F:<16kg) Physical performance (gait speed<0.8m/s) - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity - muscle strength AND - muscle quantity AND - physical performance

Factors of sarcopenia using logistic regression model_

95% CI for odds ratio
Odds ratio Lower Upper Sig.
Age 1.189 1.153 1.227 <.001
Sex 1.283 .804 2.048 .296
BMI 1.045 1.000 1.092 .049
MNA .656 .598 .719 <.001
TMT-a 1.026 1.018 1.034 <.001
TMT-b 1.011 1.007 1.016 <.001
Sedentary 1.006 1.004 1.008 <.001
MVPA .975 .966 .983 <.001

Descriptive statistics_

N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. deviation
Age 654 60 97 72.45 8.74
Body height (cm) 638 140.4 186.5 163.55 8.53
Body mass (kg) 638 44.0 133.89 77.04 14.28
BMI (kg/m2) 637 17.35 52.13 28.76 4.78
5STS (s) 590 3.37 41.06 11.11 4.49
TUG (s) 629 3.60 66.97 8.47 5.91
HGS 645 1.00 76.00 27.44 11.32
Gait speed (m/s) 639 .12 2.64 1.14 .39
Calf Circumference (cm) 649 16.4 50.7 36.18 3.50
SARC-F 648 0 10 1.87 2.50
SARC-CalF 648 0 20 3.93 5.14
MNA 649 11.5 30 25.35 4.18
TMT-A (s) 524 13.38 314.70 49.38 31.00
TMT-B (s) 446 24.57 439.91 106.49 62.32
ASM/ht2 (kg/m2) 621 4.23 11.52 6.78 1.02

Sarcopenia and sarcopenia severity prevalence_

EWGSOP severity N (%) EWGSOP N (%) EWGSOP2 N (%) EWGSOP2 without SARC-F N (%) EWGSOP2 with SARC-CalF N (%) SDOC N (%) IWGS N (%) FNIH N (%)
No sarcopenia 553 (84.6) 546 (83.5) 627 (96.9) 602 (92.0) 625 (95.6) 539 (82.4) 599 (91.6) 567 (86.7)
No sarcopenia 450 (68.8) 547 (83.6) 459 (70.2) 594 (90.8)
Presarcopenia 96 (14.7) 80 (12.2) 143 (21.9) 31 (4.7)
Sarcopenia 77 (11.8) 77 (11.8) 27 (4.1) 50 (7.7) 29 (4.4) 100 (15.3) 14 (2.1) 50 (7.7)
Sarcopenia 40 (6.1) 3 (.5) 19 (2.9) 9 (1.4) 15 (2.3)
Severe sarcopenia 37 (5.7) 24 (3.7) 31 (4.7) 20 (3.1) 35 (5.4)
Missing data 24 (3.7) 31 (4.7) / 2 (.3) / 15 (2.3) 41 (6.3) 37 (5.7)
Total 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0) 654 (100.0)
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Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine
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