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Gender Differences in the Morphological Characteristics of the Nasopalatine Canal and the Anterior Maxillary Bone - CBCT Study

Pavle Milanovic

Pavle Milanovic

University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of DentistrySerbia
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Milanovic, Pavle
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Milica Vasiljevic

Milica Vasiljevic

University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of DentistrySerbia
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Vasiljevic, Milica
  
Jun 22, 2021
Gender Differences in the Morphological Characteristics of the Nasopalatine Canal and the Anterior Maxillary Bone - CBCT Study's Cover Image
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Article Category: Case Report
Published Online: Jun 22, 2021
Page range: 145 - 156
Received: Mar 25, 2021
Accepted: Mar 25, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2021-0029
Keywords
© 2024 Pavle Milanovic et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

CBCT image analysis strategy.
CBCT image analysis strategy.

Figure 2.

The frequency of the NPC type appearance.Blue bars represents male subjects (n=63), pink bars represents female subjects (n=50).
The frequency of the NPC type appearance.Blue bars represents male subjects (n=63), pink bars represents female subjects (n=50).

Figure 3.

The dimensions at different sections of the nasopalatine canal and the horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla (mm).A - different sections of NPC: A/1 - the mediolateral dimension of incisive foramen, A/2 - the anteroposterior dimension of the incisive foramen, A/3 - the anteroposterior dimension of the nasal foramen, A/4 - the nasopalatine canal length. B - horizontal diameter of anterior maxilla: B/1 - A level, B/2 - B level, B/3 - C level, B/4 - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.* Denotes a significant difference, p<0.05, ** denotes a significant difference, p<0.01.
The dimensions at different sections of the nasopalatine canal and the horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla (mm).A - different sections of NPC: A/1 - the mediolateral dimension of incisive foramen, A/2 - the anteroposterior dimension of the incisive foramen, A/3 - the anteroposterior dimension of the nasal foramen, A/4 - the nasopalatine canal length. B - horizontal diameter of anterior maxilla: B/1 - A level, B/2 - B level, B/3 - C level, B/4 - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.* Denotes a significant difference, p<0.05, ** denotes a significant difference, p<0.01.

Figure 4.

The dimensions of the NPC up to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm).A - M-L dimension of the incisive foramen; B - A-P dimension of the incisive foramen; C - A-P dimension of the nasal foramen; D - NPC length. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.
The dimensions of the NPC up to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm).A - M-L dimension of the incisive foramen; B - A-P dimension of the incisive foramen; C - A-P dimension of the nasal foramen; D - NPC length. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Figure 5.

The horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla at different levels according to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm). A - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - A level; B - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - B level; C - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - C level; D - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.
The horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla at different levels according to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm). A - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - A level; B - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - B level; C - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - C level; D - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

The correlation between the nasopalatine canal length and anterior maxilla diameters at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender)_

The correlation between NPC length and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels Gender The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
Banana Hourglass Cylindrical Funnel
NPC length vs. A level Male

R2 = 0.5000

p = 0.182

R2 = 0.0657

p = 0.651

R2 = 0.0022

p = 0.858

R2 = 0.2551

p = 0.014
Female

R2 = 0.4606

p = 0.208

R2 = 0.0268

p = 0.651

R2 = 0.0292

p = 0.498

R2 = 0.0077

p = 0.738
NPC length vs. B level Male

R2 = 0.6587

p = 0.095

R2 = 0.0569

p = 0.340

R2 = 0.0078

p = 0.736

R2 = 0.1649

p = 0.054
Female

R2 = 0.2089

p = 0.439

R2 = 0.0001

p = 0.993

R2 = 0.0130

p = 0.652

R2 = 0.0042

p = 0.806
NPC length vs. C level Male

R2 = 0.3954

p = 0.256

R2 = 0.0778

p = 0.262

R2 = 0.0001

p = 0.979

R2 = 0.1580

p = 0.060
Female

R2 = 0.533

p = 0.161

R2 = 0.0121

p = 0.762

R2 = 0.0110

p = 0.678

R2 = 0.0083

p = 0.728
NPC length vs. D level Male

R2 = 0.1125

p = 0.581

R2 = 0.3829

p = 0.006

R2 = 0.0083

p = 0.727

R2 = 0.0052

p = 0.743
Female

R2 = 0.6497

p = 0.099

R2 = 0.2256

p = 0.165

R2 = 0.0413

p = 0.419

R2 = 0.428

p = 0.004

The correlation between the dimension at different sections of the NPC and the anterior maxilla diameter at various levels (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender)_

The sections of the NPC Gender The levels of anterior maxilla horizontal diameter
A level B level C level D level
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen Male

R2 = 0.2223

p = 9.61×10−5

R2 = 0.309

p = 2.25×10−6

R2 = 0.2788

p = 8.7×10−6

R2 = 0.0908

p = 0.016
Female

R2 = 0.027

p = 0.254

R2 = 0.0903

p = 0.034

R2 = 0.1872

p = 0.002

R2 = 0.0443

p = 0.142
The A-P dimension of incisive foramen Male

R2 = 0.0064

p = 0.532

R2 = 0.0538

p = 0.067

R2 = 0.0036

p = 0.641

R2 = 0.001

p = 0.804
Female

R2 = 0.0015

p = 0.791

R2 = 0.0054

p = 0.612

R2 = 1×10−7

p = 0.998

R2 = 0.0013

p = 0.804
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen Male

R2 = 0.0727

p = 0.033

R2 = 0.1011

p = 0.011

R2 = 0.2882

p = 5.7×10−6

R2 = 0.0788

p = 0.026
Female

R2 = 0.0328

p = 0.208

R2 = 0.0033

p = 0.690

R2 = 0.0336

p = 0.203

R2 = 0.1827

p = 0.002
The NPC length Male

R2 = 0.0048

p = 0.590

R2 = 0.0005

p = 0.856

R2 = 0.0015

p = 0.766

R2 = 0.0036

p = 0.462
Female

R2 = 0.0003

p = 0.901

R2 = 0.002

p = 0.760

R2 = 0.0012

p = 0.814

R2 = 0.100

p = 0.025

The correlation between the A-P dimension of the nasal foramen and the anterior maxilla diameters at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender)_

The correlation between the A-P dimension of nasal foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels Gender The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
Banana Hourglass Cylindrical Funnel
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. A level Male

R2 = 0.5001

p = 0.182

R2 = 0.0042

p = 0.855

R2 = 0.0094

p = 0.711

R2 = 0.2443

p = 0.016
Female

R2 = 0.4523

p = 0.214

R2 = 0.0602

p = 0.494

R2 = 0.0116

p = 0.670

R2 = 6×10−5

p = 0.075
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. B level Male

R2 = 0.6757

p = 0.088

R2 = 0.0324

p = 0.475

R2 = 0.0528

p = 0.359

R2 = 0.2772

p = 0.009
Female

R2 = 0.1552

p = 0.518

R2 = 0.1011

p = 0.370

R2 = 0.0004

p = 0.937

R2 = 0.009

p = 0.717
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. C level Male

R2 = 0.7152

p = 0.071

R2 = 0.2715

p = 0.027

R2 = 0.2028

p = 0.069

R2 = 0.3381

p = 0.004
Female

R2 = 0.3094

p = 0.330

R2 = 0.1200

p = 0.327

R2 = 0.0052

p = 0.775

R2 = 0.0883

p = 0.247
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. D level Male

R2 = 0.0074

p = 0.890

R2 = 0.0575

p = 0.338

R2 = 0.1558

p = 0.117

R2 = 0.1492

p = 0.069
Female

R2 = 0.0782

p = 0.649

R2 = 0.3954

p = 0.051

R2 = 0.3125

p = 0.016

R2 = 0.0799

p = 0.272

The correlation between the M-L dimension of the incisive foramen and anterior maxilla diameter at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender)_

The correlation between the M-L dimension of incisive foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels Gender The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
Banana Hourglass Cylindrical Funnel
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs. A level Male

R2 = 0.8776

p = 0.019

R2 = 0.135

p = 0.134

R2 = 0.0123

p = 0.672

R2 = 0.3015

p = 0.007
Female

R2 = 0.519883

p = 0.169

R2 = 0.4546

p = 0.032

R2 = 0.0504

p = 0.672

R2 = 0.0005

p = 0.935
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs. B level Male

R2 = 0.8946

p = 0.015

R2 = 0.0641

p = 0.311

R2 = 0.0273

p = 0.526

R2 = 0.4272

p = 0.001
Female

R2 = 0.7471

p = 0.059

R2 = 0.6061

p = 0.008

R2 = 0.0944

p =0.215

R2 = 0.2092

p =0.065
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs. C level Male

R2 = 0.7564

p = 0.0553

R2 = 0.2071

p = 0.058

R2 = 0.2285

p = 0.030

R2 = 0.2049

p = 0.030
Female

R2 = 0.4326

p = 0.228

R2 = 0.6925

p = 0.003

R2 = 0.0016

p = 0.874

R2 = 0.4137

p = 0.005
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs. D level Male

R2 = 0.0094

p = 0.876

R2 = 0.1275

p = 0.146

R2 = 0.1387

p = 0.141

R2 = 0.0062

p = 0.722
Female

R2 = 0.0032

p = 0.928

R2 = 0.0362

p = 0.598

R2 = 0.1404

p = 0.125

R2 = 0.0324

p =0.489

The correlation between the A-P dimension of the incisive foramen and the anterior maxilla diameter at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender)_

The correlation between the A-P dimension of nasal foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels Gender The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
Banana Hourglass Cylindrical Funnel
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. A level Male

R2 = 0.5001

p = 0.182

R2 = 0.0042

p = 0.855

R2 = 0.0094

p = 0.711

R2 = 0.2443

p = 0.016
Female

R2 = 0.4523

p = 0.214

R2 = 0.0602

p = 0.494

R2 = 0.0116

p = 0.670

R2 = 6×10−5

p = 0.075
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. B level Male

R2 = 0.6757

p = 0.088

R2 = 0.0324

p = 0.475

R2 = 0.0528

p = 0.359

R2 = 0.2772

p = 0.009
Female

R2 = 0.1552

p = 0.518

R2 = 0.1011

p = 0.370

R2 = 0.0004

p = 0.937

R2 = 0.009

p = 0.717
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. C level Male

R2 = 0.7152

p = 0.071

R2 = 0.2715

p = 0.027

R2 = 0.2028

p = 0.069

R2 = 0.3381

p = 0.004
Female

R2 = 0.3094

p = 0.330

R2 = 0.1200

p = 0.327

R2 = 0.0052

p = 0.775

R2 = 0.0883

p = 0.247
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs. D level Male

R2 = 0.0074

p = 0.890

R2 = 0.0575

p = 0.338

R2 = 0.1558

p = 0.117

R2 = 0.1492

p = 0.069
Female

R2 = 0.0782

p = 0.649

R2 = 0.3954

p = 0.051

R2 = 0.3125

p = 0.016

R2 = 0.0799

p = 0.272
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