Open Access

Risk Factors of Esophageal Bleeding in Children with Various Etiologies of Liver Cirrhosis – A Single-Center Report from Iran


Cite

1. Basturk A, Yılmaz A, Sayar E, Dinçhan A, Aliosmanoğlu İ, Erbiş H, et al. Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Our Experiences. The Eurasian journal of medicine 2016; 48(3): 209.10.5152/eurasianjmed.2016.0147526860528149148 Search in Google Scholar

2. Yatsuji S, Hashimoto E, Tobari M, Taniai M, Tokushige K, Shiratori K. Clinical features and outcomes of cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24(2): 248-54.10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05640.x19032450 Search in Google Scholar

3. Perri G-A, Khosravani H. Complications of end-stage liver disease. Can Fam Physician 2016; 62(1): 44-50. Search in Google Scholar

4. Nishikawa H, Osaki Y. Liver cirrhosis: evaluation, nutritional status, and prognosis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015.10.1155/2015/872152460616326494949 Search in Google Scholar

5. dos Santos JMR, Ferreira AR, Fagundes EDT, Ferreira APS, Ferreira LS, Magalhães MCR, et al. Endoscopic and pharmacological secondary prophylaxis in children and adolescents with esophageal varices. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 56(1): 93-8.10.1097/MPG.0b013e318267c33422785415 Search in Google Scholar

6. PIMENTA JR, FERREIRA AR, FAGUNDES EDT, BITTENCOURT PFS, MOURA AM, CARVALHO SD. Evaluation of endoscopic secondary prophylaxis in children and adolescents with esophageal varices. Arq Gastroenterol 2017; 54(1): 21-6.10.1590/s0004-2803.2017v54n1-04 Search in Google Scholar

7. Bosch J, Berzigotti A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Abraldes JG. The management of portal hypertension: rational basis, available treatments and future options. J Hepatol 2008; 48: S68-S92.10.1016/j.jhep.2008.01.02118304681 Search in Google Scholar

8. Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Reverter E, Bosch J, Bosch, Groszmann, et al. Assessing portal hypertension in liver diseases. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2013; 7(2): 141-55.10.1586/egh.12.8323363263 Search in Google Scholar

9. Shneider BL, Bosch J, De Franchis R, Emre SH, Groszmann RJ, Ling SC, et al. Portal hypertension in children: expert pediatric opinion on the report of the Baveno v Consensus Workshop on Methodology of Diagnosis and Therapy in Portal Hypertension. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16(5): 426-37.10.1111/j.1399-3046.2012.01652.x22409296 Search in Google Scholar

10. Yoshida H, Mamada Y, Taniai N, Yoshioka M, Hirakata A, Kawano Y, et al. Risk factors for bleeding esophagogastric varices. J Nippon Med Sch 2013; 80(4): 252-9.10.1272/jnms.80.25223995567 Search in Google Scholar

11. Ranucci G, Spagnuolo MI, Iorio R. Obese children with fatty liver: Between reality and disease mongering. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(47): 8277.10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8277574349829307987 Search in Google Scholar

12. Grace ND, Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Burroughs AK, Pagliaro L, Makuch RW, et al. Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding: an AASLD single topic symposium. Hepatology 1998; 28(3): 868-80.10.1002/hep.510280339 Search in Google Scholar

13. Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK, Planas R, et al. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(21): 2254-61.10.1056/NEJMoa044456 Search in Google Scholar

14. Abby Philips C, Sahney A. Oesophageal and gastric varices: historical aspects, classification and grading: everything in one place. Gastroenterology report 2016; 4(3): 186-95.10.1093/gastro/gow018 Search in Google Scholar

15. Hillert C, Fischer L, Broering DC, Rogiers X. Liver transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal bleeding. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2003; 388(3): 150-4.10.1007/s00423-003-0378-2 Search in Google Scholar

16. Piekarska A, Zboinska J, Szymczak W, Kuydowicz J. Independent prognostic factors in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 2008; 55(84): 1034-40. Search in Google Scholar

17. Hasan MI, Rukunuzzaman M, Nurullah M, Sultana F. Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Esophageal Varices in Children with Chronic Liver Disease. Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2017; 26(2): 341-50. Search in Google Scholar

18. Szczepanik AB, Pielacinski K, Oses-Szczepanik AM, Huszcza S, Misiak A, Dabrowski WP, et al. Sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in hemophilia patients with liver cirrhosis - a prospective, controlled clinical study. Pol Przegl Chir 2018; 90(1): 29-34.10.5604/01.3001.0011.5957 Search in Google Scholar

19. Li CZ, Cheng LF, Li QS, Wang ZQ, Yan JH. Antiviral therapy delays esophageal variceal bleeding in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(40): 6849-56.10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6849 Search in Google Scholar

20. Wanty C, Helleputte T, Smets F, Sokal EM, Stephenne X. Assessment of risk of bleeding from esophageal varices during management of biliary atresia in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 56(5): 537-43.10.1097/MPG.0b013e318282a22c Search in Google Scholar

21. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, Rinaldi V, De Santis A, Merkel C, et al. Incidence and natural history of small esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 2003; 38(3): 266-72.10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00420-8 Search in Google Scholar

22. Lykavieris P, Gauthier F, Hadchouel P, Duche M, Bernard O. Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding during adolescence and early adulthood in children with portal vein obstruction. The Journal of pediatrics 2000; 136(6): 805-8.10.1016/S0022-3476(00)09680-3 Search in Google Scholar

23. Merkel C, Zoli M, Siringo S, Van Buuren H, Magalotti D, Angeli P, et al. Prognostic indicators of risk for first variceal bleeding in cirrhosis: a multicenter study in 711 patients to validate and improve the North Italian Endoscopic Club (NIEC) index. The American journal of gastroenterology 2000; 95(10): 2915.10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.03204.x11051368 Search in Google Scholar

24. Duché M, Ducot B, Tournay E, Fabre M, Cohen J, Jacquemin E, et al. Prognostic value of endoscopy in children with biliary atresia at risk for early development of varices and bleeding. Gastroenterology 2010; 139(6): 1952-60.10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.00420637201 Search in Google Scholar

25. Idezuki Y. General rules for recording endoscopic findings of esophagogastric varices (1991). World J Surg 1995; 19(3): 420-2.10.1007/BF002991787638999 Search in Google Scholar

26. Gana JC, Turner D, Roberts EA, Ling SC. Derivation of a clinical prediction rule for the noninvasive diagnosis of varices in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50(2): 188-93.10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b6443719966576 Search in Google Scholar

27. Sporea I, Ratiu I, Sirli R, Popescu A, Bota S. Value of transient elastography for the prediction of variceal bleeding. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17(17): 2206-10.10.3748/wjg.v17.i17.2206309287221633530 Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2335-075X
ISSN:
1820-8665
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, other