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Comparative Shear Tests of Bolt Rods Under Static and Dynamic Loading

Andrzej Pytlik

Andrzej Pytlik

Central Mining InstituteKatowice, Poland
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Pytlik, Andrzej
  
Jun 30, 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Jun 30, 2020
Page range: 151 - 167
Received: Nov 20, 2019
Accepted: Jan 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0038
Keywords
© 2020 Andrzej Pytlik, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Figure 1

Diagram of a gallery working secured against the falling of a block with a weight W via roof bolting (Cała et al., 2001).
Diagram of a gallery working secured against the falling of a block with a weight W via roof bolting (Cała et al., 2001).

Figure 2

Test facility diagram for bolt rod single shear testing under static loading
Test facility diagram for bolt rod single shear testing under static loading

Figure 3

Typical shape of the course Fs = f(L) as well as the area under the curve corresponding to the bolt rod shear work Ws under static loading. Where: Lc – Displacement until the point of rod shearing, mm.
Typical shape of the course Fs = f(L) as well as the area under the curve corresponding to the bolt rod shear work Ws under static loading. Where: Lc – Displacement until the point of rod shearing, mm.

Figure 4

The test facility during single shear impact testing of bolt rods by means of a 2429 kg mass: (a) diagram; (b) view; (c) loading diagram during test.
The test facility during single shear impact testing of bolt rods by means of a 2429 kg mass: (a) diagram; (b) view; (c) loading diagram during test.

Figure 5

Typical shape of the course Fd = f(t) as well as the area under the curve corresponding to the impulse J of the force during bolt rod shearing. Where: t1 – time until the point of bolt rod shearing, s; Fa – average force during the test, kN.
Typical shape of the course Fd = f(t) as well as the area under the curve corresponding to the impulse J of the force during bolt rod shearing. Where: t1 – time until the point of bolt rod shearing, s; Fa – average force during the test, kN.

Figure 6

AM18 and AM22-type bolts: (a) and rod thread profile and cross section diagrams (b).
AM18 and AM22-type bolts: (a) and rod thread profile and cross section diagrams (b).

Figure 7

Load Fs curves as functions of shear displacement L of bolt rods: (a) AM18; (b) AM22.
Load Fs curves as functions of shear displacement L of bolt rods: (a) AM18; (b) AM22.

Figure 8

APP and APB-type bolt rods (a) and cross section diagrams (b).
APP and APB-type bolt rods (a) and cross section diagrams (b).

Figure 9

Load Fs curves as functions of shear displacement L of bolt rods: (a) APP; (b) APB.
Load Fs curves as functions of shear displacement L of bolt rods: (a) APP; (b) APB.

Figure 10

AM18 bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn.; (b) the rod was not shorn.
AM18 bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn.; (b) the rod was not shorn.

Figure 11

AM22 bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn.; (b) the rod was not shorn.
AM22 bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn.; (b) the rod was not shorn.

Figure 12

APP bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn; (b) the rod was not shorn.
APP bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn; (b) the rod was not shorn.

Figure 13

APB bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn; (b) the rod was not shorn.
APB bolt rod load Fd curves as functions of time t: (a) the rod was shorn; (b) the rod was not shorn.

Figure 14

Samples view after single shear testing under impact loading.
Samples view after single shear testing under impact loading.

Figure 15

Chart of the relationship J = f(v) obtained during APP bolt testing.
Chart of the relationship J = f(v) obtained during APP bolt testing.

Figure 16

Estimated AM18 and AM22 bolt rod shearing functions during single shear testing under impact loading.
Estimated AM18 and AM22 bolt rod shearing functions during single shear testing under impact loading.

Figure 17

Estimated APP and APB bolt rod shearing functions during single shear testing under impact loading.
Estimated APP and APB bolt rod shearing functions during single shear testing under impact loading.

Comparison of bolt rod mechanical properties under static and dynamic loading (part 2)_

Bolt typeFdmax/Fsmax, %td/ts, %Ed/Es, %
AM18102.6102.581.3
AM22103.9103.998.5
APP105.4105.597.3
APB106.7107.294.7

Basic rod dimensions and mechanical properties of steel_

Bolt typeGrade of steelEffective bolt rod diameter De, mmEffective area Ae, mm2Ultimate tensile strength Rm, MPaElongation at rupture A5, %
AM18A500S17.6243.3721.5±16.818
AM22A500sh21.6366.4762.3±4.323
APPAP600V19.7304.8681.3±2.924
APBAP77022.1383.6830.4±7.319

Mechanical properties of APP and APB bolt rods under static shear loading_

Bolt typeMaximum force Fsmax, kNShear strength ts, MPaShear displacement Lc, mmWork Ws, kJ
APP165.2 ± 2.7541.9 ± 9.09.1 ± 0.40.971 ± 0.036
APB235.1 ± 1.4612.8 ± 3.78.5 ± 0.21.340 ± 0.053

Mechanical properties of APP and APB bolt rods during single shearing under impact loading_

Bolt typeMaximum force Fdmax, kNShear strength td, MPaWork Wd, kJ
APP174.2 ± 2.5571.6 ± 8.30.945 ± 0.033
APB252.0 ± 3.6656.9 ± 9.51.269 ± 0.062

Comparison of bolt rod mechanical properties under static and dynamic loading (part 1)_

Bolt typeGrade of steelFmax, kNRm, MPaFsmax, kNts, MPaWs, kJts/RmFdmax, kNtd, MPaWd, kJtd/Rm
AM18A500S175.5 ± 4.1721.5 ± 16.8131.9 ± 4.7542.3 ± 19.30.775 ± 0.0610.752135.3 ± 4.0556.0 ± 16.60.630 ± 0.0320.771
AM22A500sh279.3 ± 1.6762.3 ± 4.3217.1 ± 6.7592.5 ± 18.41.221 ± 0.1310.777225.5 ± 7.0615.6 ± 19.11.203 ± 0.0640.808
APPAP600V207.7 ± 0.9681.3 ± 2.9165.2 ± 2.7541.9 ± 9.00.971 ± 0.0360.795174.2 ± 2.5571.6 ± 8.30.945 ± 0.0330.839
APBAP770318.6 ± 2.8830.4 ± 7.3235.1 ± 1.4612.8 ± 3.71.340 ± 0.0530.738250.8 ± 1.9656.9 ± 9.51.269 ± 0.0620.791

Mechanical properties of AM18 and AM22 bolt rods under static shear loading_

Bolt typeMaximum force Fsmax, kNShear strength ts, MPaShear displacement Lc, mmWork Ws, kJ
AM18131.9 ± 4.7542.3 ± 19.38.6 ± 0.20.775 ± 0.061
AM22217.1 ± 6.7592.5 ± 18.49.7 ± 0.61.221 ± 0.131

Mechanical properties of AM18 and AM22 bolt rods during single shearing under impact loading_

Bolt typeMaximum force Fdmax, kNShear strength td, MPaWork Wd, kJ
AM18135.3 ± 4.0556.0 ± 16.60.630 ± 0.032
AM22225.5 ± 7.0615.6 ± 19.11.203 ± 0.064
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