Assessment of Hydrogeological Potential and Aquifer Protective Capacity of Odeda, Southwestern Nigeria
, , , and | Apr 24, 2020
About this article
Article Category: Original scientific paper
Published Online: Apr 24, 2020
Page range: 199 - 209
Received: Apr 08, 2019
Accepted: Nov 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2019-0015
© 2019 Aina J.O., Adeleke O.O., Makinde V., Egunjobi H.A., Biere P.E., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
![Geological map of Ogun State. Modified after Badmus and Olatinsu [14].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647369844e662f30ba53d1ee/j_rmzmag-2019-0015_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240725T062113Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240725%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=fc6ac37119db3cdcda0296c4d8d971821c10ff5d05e8a8b67bbc1f729b06ed97)
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Summary of geoelectric parameters and inferred lithologies.
| VES no. | No. of layers | Curve types | Resistivity (Ωm) | Thickness (m) | Depth (m) | Reflection coefficient | Inferred lithology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 117 | 2.3 | 2.3 | Topsoil | |||
| 1 | 2 | H | 29 | 25.5 | 27.8 | 0.876 | Clay |
| 3 | 437 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 211 | 0.9 | 0.9 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 2 | H | 110 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 0.421 | Sandy clay |
| 3 | 270 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 324 | 1.3 | 1.3 | Topsoil | |||
| 3 | 2 | H | 162 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 0.437 | Clayey sand |
| 3 | 413 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 75 | 2.1 | 2.1 | Topsoil | |||
| 4 | 2 | H | 30 | 24.1 | 26.2 | 0.843 | Clay |
| 3 | 352 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 100 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Topsoil | |||
| 5 | 2 | H | 5 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 0.977 | Clay |
| 3 | 427 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 134 | 0.6 | 0.6 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 35 | 1.8 | 2.4 | Clay | |||
| 6 | 3 | HKH | 79 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 0.899 | Sandy clay |
| 4 | 17 | 8.8 | 14.6 | Clay | |||
| 5 | 318 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 94 | 0.8 | 0.8 | Topsoil | |||
| 7 | 2 | H | 24 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 0.778 | Clay |
| 3 | 192 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 30 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 8 | 2 | H | 4 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 0.996 | Clay |
| 3 | 2106 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 94 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 120 | 6.6 | 7.8 | Sandy clay | |||
| 9 | 3 | KH | 60 | 11.8 | 19.6 | 0.701 | Clay |
| 4 | 342 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 109 | 0.8 | 0.8 | Topsoil | |||
| 10 | 2 | 32 | 7.2 | 9 | 0.489 | Clay | |
| 3 | 93 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 26 | 0.6 | 0.6 | Topsoil | |||
| 11 | 2 | 655 | 5.1 | 5.7 | Sand | ||
| 3 | KH | 51 | 13.1 | 18.8 | 0.841 | Clay | |
| 4 | 592 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 161 | 0.9 | 0.9 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 191 | 9.1 | 10 | Clayey sand | |||
| 12 | 3 | KH | 114 | 8.6 | 18.6 | 0.315 | Sandy clay |
| 4 | 219 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 369 | 2.6 | 2.6 | Topsoil | |||
| 13 | 2 | H | 62 | 19.7 | 22.3 | 0.625 | Clay |
| 3 | 269 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 269 | 0.7 | 0.7 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 327 | 3.2 | 3.9 | Sand | |||
| 14 | 3 | KH | 198 | 8.8 | 12.7 | 0.534 | Clayey sand |
| 4 | 652 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 167 | 1.2 | 1.2 | Topsoil | |||
| 15 | 2 | H | 66 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 0.576 | Clay |
| 3 | 245 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 700 | 1.5 | 1.5 | Topsoil | |||
| 16 | 2 | H | 38 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 0.887 | Clay |
| 3 | 637 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 417 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 17 | 2 | 61 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 0.744 | Clay | |
| 3 | 415 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 81 | 2.3 | 2.3 | Topsoil | |||
| 18 | 2 | H | 27 | 10 | 12.3 | 0.880 | Clay |
| 3 | 422 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 34 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 790 | 2.5 | 3.0 | Sand | |||
| 19 | 3 | KH | 59 | 12.6 | 15.6 | 0.761 | Clay |
| 4 | 435 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 103 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 146 | 2.1 | 3.1 | Clayey sand | |||
| 20 | 3 | KH | 40 | 16.8 | 19.9 | 0.615 | Clay |
| 4 | 168 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 273 | 1.7 | 1.7 | Topsoil | |||
| 21 | 2 | H | 35 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 0.702 | Clay |
| 3 | 200 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 329 | 3.5 | 3.5 | Topsoil | |||
| 22 | 2 | H | 135 | 35.5 | 39 | 0.237 | Sandy clay |
| 3 | 219 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 226 | 2.0 | 2.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 23 | 2 | H | 42 | 19.4 | 21.4 | 0.921 | Clay |
| 3 | 1019 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 285 | 0.8 | 0.8 | Topsoil | |||
| 24 | 2 | H | 99 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 0.759 | Clay |
| 3 | 722 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 23 | 0.8 | 0.8 | Topsoil | |||
| 25 | 2 | A | 49 | 16.6 | 17.4 | 0.777 | Clay |
| 3 | 391 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 63 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 26 | 2 | K | 153 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 0.553 | Clayey sand |
| 3 | 532 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 149 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 27 | 2 | H | 81 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 0.643 | Clay |
| 3 | 373 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 108 | 1,6 | 1.6 | Topsoil | |||
| 2 | 296 | 6.7 | 8.3 | Sand | |||
| 28 | 3 | KH | 82 | 9.2 | 17.5 | 0.889 | Clay |
| 4 | 1391 | Fresh basement | |||||
| 1 | 161 | 1.0 | 1.0 | Topsoil | |||
| 29 | 2 | H | 65 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 0.522 | Clay |
| 3 | 207 | Fractured basement | |||||
| 1 | 274 | 2.6 | 2.6 | Topsoil | |||
| 30 | 2 | H | 40 | 19.6 | 22.2 | 0.830 | Clay |
| 3 | 431 | Fresh basement | |||||
Groundwater potential yield (modified after Bayewu et al. [3]).
| Overburden thickness (m) | Reflection coefficient | Groundwater yield |
|---|---|---|
| >13 | <0.8 | High |
| >13 | >0.8 | Medium |
| <13 | >0.8 | Low |
| <13 | <0.8 | Very low |
Longitudinal unit conductance/protective capacity rating (source: Oladapo and Akintorinwa [18]).
| Total longitudinal unit conductance (mhos) | Rating of overburden’s aquifer protective capacity |
|---|---|
| <0.10 | Poor |
| 0.1–0.19 | Weak |
| 0.2–0.79 | Moderate |
| 0.8–4.90 | Good |
| 5.0–10.0 | Very good |
| >10.0 | Excellent |
Groundwater potential across the VES locations.
| VES no. | Overburden thickness (m) | Reflection coefficient | Groundwater yield |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27.8 | 0.876 | Medium |
| 2 | 5.9 | 0.421 | Very low |
| 3 | 14.4 | 0.437 | High |
| 4 | 26.2 | 0.843 | Medium |
| 5 | 8.4 | 0.977 | Low |
| 6 | 14.6 | 0.899 | Medium |
| 7 | 5.7 | 0.778 | Very low |
| 8 | 3.0 | 0.996 | Low |
| 9 | 19.6 | 0.701 | High |
| 10 | 9.0 | 0.489 | Very low |
| 11 | 18.8 | 0.841 | Medium |
| 12 | 18.6 | 0.315 | High |
| 13 | 22.3 | 0.625 | High |
| 14 | 12.7 | 0.534 | Very low |
| 15 | 13.9 | 0.576 | High |
| 16 | 9.8 | 0.887 | Low |
| 17 | 9.7 | 0.744 | Very low |
| 18 | 12.3 | 0.880 | Low |
| 19 | 15.6 | 0.761 | High |
| 20 | 19.9 | 0.615 | High |
| 21 | 12.8 | 0.702 | Very low |
| 22 | 39.0 | 0.237 | High |
| 23 | 21.4 | 0.921 | Medium |
| 24 | 8.6 | 0.759 | Very low |
| 25 | 17.4 | 0.777 | High |
| 26 | 17.0 | 0.553 | High |
| 27 | 11.4 | 0.643 | Very low |
| 28 | 17.5 | 0.889 | Medium |
| 29 | 11.0 | 0.522 | Very low |
| 30 | 22.2 | 0.830 | Medium |
Longitudinal unit conductance and aquifer protective capacity of the study area.
| VES no. | Longitudinal unit conductance (mhos) | Overburden’s aquifer protective capacity rating |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.898968 | Good |
| 2 | 0.049720 | Poor |
| 3 | 0.084877 | Poor |
| 4 | 0.824333 | Good |
| 5 | 1.452000 | Good |
| 6 | 0.616591 | Moderate |
| 7 | 0.212677 | Moderate |
| 8 | 0.533333 | Moderate |
| 9 | 0.264433 | Moderate |
| 10 | 0.232339 | Moderate |
| 11 | 0.287726 | Moderate |
| 12 | 0.128673 | Weak |
| 13 | 0.324788 | Moderate |
| 14 | 0.056833 | Poor |
| 15 | 0.199610 | Moderate |
| 16 | 0.220564 | Moderate |
| 17 | 0.145021 | Weak |
| 18 | 0.398765 | Moderate |
| 19 | 0.231430 | Moderate |
| 20 | 0.444092 | Moderate |
| 21 | 0.323370 | Moderate |
| 22 | 0.273601 | Moderate |
| 23 | 0.470754 | Moderate |
| 24 | 0.081595 | Poor |
| 25 | 0.373558 | Moderate |
| 26 | 0.120448 | Weak |
| 27 | 0.135106 | Weak |
| 28 | 0.149645 | Weak |
| 29 | 0.160057 | Weak |
| 30 | 0.499489 | Moderate |