Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: what is the actual risk of chronic kidney disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis

1. COXIB AND TRADITIONAL NSAID TRIALISTS’ (CNT) COLLABORATION. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomized trials. Lancet. 2013; 382:769–79. COXIB AND TRADITIONAL NSAID TRIALISTS’ (CNT) COLLABORATION Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomized trials Lancet 2013 382 769 79 Search in Google Scholar

2. REENA DOOMRA AND ANJANA GOYAL. NSAIDs and self-medication: A serious concern. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May; 9(5): 2183–2185. REENADOOMRA ANJANAGOYAL NSAIDs and self-medication: A serious concern J Family Med Prim Care 2020 May 9 5 2183 2185 Search in Google Scholar

3. FARAH RI, KHATIB AE, ABU ZIYAD HJ, JIAD DK, AL QUSOUS LR, ABABNEH AJ, et al. Pattern of use and awareness of side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Jordanian population. Annals of Medicine. 2023 Dec 12;55(2):2242248. FARAHRI KHATIBAE ABU ZIYADHJ JIADDK AL QUSOUSLR ABABNEHAJ Pattern of use and awareness of side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Jordanian population Annals of Medicine 2023 Dec 12 55 2 2242248 Search in Google Scholar

4. KOVESDY CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney international supplements. 2022 Apr 1;12(1):7–11. KOVESDYCP Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022 Kidney international supplements 2022 Apr 1 12 1 7 11 Search in Google Scholar

5. PATINO FG, OLIVIERI J, ALLISON JJ, MIKULS TR, MORELAND L, KOVAC SH, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug toxicity monitoring and safety practices. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2003 Dec 1;30(12):2680–8. PATINOFG OLIVIERIJ ALLISONJJ MIKULSTR MORELANDL KOVACSH Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug toxicity monitoring and safety practices The Journal of Rheumatology 2003 Dec 1 30 12 2680 8 Search in Google Scholar

6. DROŻDŻAL S, LECHOWICZ K, SZOSTAK B, ROSIK J, KOTFIS K, MACHOY-MOKRZYŃSKA A, et al. Kidney damage from nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs – Myth or truth? Review of selected literature. Pharmacology research & perspectives. 2021 Aug;9(4):e00817. DROŻDŻALS LECHOWICZK SZOSTAKB ROSIKJ KOTFISK MACHOY-MOKRZYŃSKAA Kidney damage from nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs – Myth or truth? Review of selected literature Pharmacology research & perspectives 2021 Aug 9 4 e00817 Search in Google Scholar

7. NDERITU P, DOOS L, JONES PW, DAVIES SJ, KADAM UT. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chronic kidney disease progression: a systematic review. Family practice. 2013 Jun 1;30(3):247–55. NDERITUP DOOSL JONESPW DAVIESSJ KADAMUT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chronic kidney disease progression: a systematic review Family practice 2013 Jun 1 30 3 247 55 Search in Google Scholar

8. SAEED SOLIMAN, RABAB AHMED, MARWA AHMED, ABEER ATTIA, AMIN SOLIMAN. Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and progression into chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023418146. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023418146. SAEEDSOLIMAN RABABAHMED MARWAAHMED ABEERATTIA AMINSOLIMAN Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and progression into chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023418146. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023418146. Search in Google Scholar

9. PAGE MJ, MCKENZIE JE, BOSSUYT PM, BOUTRON I, HOFFMANN TC, MULROW CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj. 2021 Mar 29;372. PAGEMJ MCKENZIEJE BOSSUYTPM BOUTRONI HOFFMANNTC MULROWCD The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews Bmj. 2021 Mar 29 372 Search in Google Scholar

10. AROMATARIS E, STERN C, LOCKWOOD C, BARKER TH, KLUGAR M, JADOTTE Y, et al. JBI series paper 2: tailored evidence synthesis approaches are required to answer diverse questions: a pragmatic evidence synthesis toolkit from JBI. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2022 Oct 1;150:196–202. AROMATARISE STERNC LOCKWOODC BARKERTH KLUGARM JADOTTEY JBI series paper 2: tailored evidence synthesis approaches are required to answer diverse questions: a pragmatic evidence synthesis toolkit from JBI Journal of clinical epidemiology 2022 Oct 1 150 196 202 Search in Google Scholar

11. MCGUINNESS LA, HIGGINS JP. Risk of bias Visualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk of bias assessments. Research synthesis methods. 2021 Jan;12(1):55–61. MCGUINNESSLA HIGGINSJP Risk of bias Visualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk of bias assessments Research synthesis methods 2021 Jan 12 1 55 61 Search in Google Scholar

12. YARGER S, NWOKEJI E, TRICE S, CHAO S, DEVINE J, POTYK R, et al. Puk4 Cumulative exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Value in Health. 2011 May 1;14(3):A74–5. YARGERS NWOKEJIE TRICES CHAOS DEVINEJ POTYKR Puk4 Cumulative exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) Value in Health 2011 May 1 14 3 A74 5 Search in Google Scholar

13. KAEWPUT W, DISORN P, SATIRAPOJ B. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor use and progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a single-center retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease. 2016 Nov 7:273–8. KAEWPUTW DISORNP SATIRAPOJB Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor use and progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a single-center retrospective cohort study International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease 2016 Nov 7 273 8 Search in Google Scholar

14. AMATRUDA JG, KATZ R, PERALTA CA, ESTRELLA MM, SARATHY H, FRIED LF, et al. Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with kidney health in ambulatory older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2021 Mar;69(3):726–34. AMATRUDAJG KATZR PERALTACA ESTRELLAMM SARATHYH FRIEDLF Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with kidney health in ambulatory older adults Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2021 Mar 69 3 726 34 Search in Google Scholar

15. FIELD TS, GURWITZ JH, GLYNN RJ, SALIVE ME, GAZIANO JM, TAYLOR JO, et al. The renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older people: Findings from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1999 May;47(5):507–11. FIELDTS GURWITZJH GLYNNRJ SALIVEME GAZIANOJM TAYLORJO The renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older people: Findings from the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1999 May 47 5 507 11 Search in Google Scholar

16. GOOCH K, CULLETON BF, MANNS BJ, ZHANG J, ALFONSO H, TONELLI M, et al. NSAID use and progression of chronic kidney disease. The American journal of medicine. 2007 Mar 1;120(3):280–e1. GOOCHK CULLETONBF MANNSBJ ZHANGJ ALFONSOH TONELLIM NSAID use and progression of chronic kidney disease The American journal of medicine 2007 Mar 1 120 3 280 e1 Search in Google Scholar

17. HEMMELGARN BR, CULLETON BF, GHALI WA. Derivation and validation of a clinical index for prediction of rapid progression of kidney dysfunction. QJM 2007; 100: 87–92. HEMMELGARNBR CULLETONBF GHALIWA Derivation and validation of a clinical index for prediction of rapid progression of kidney dysfunction QJM 2007 100 87 92 Search in Google Scholar

18. KANG H, HONG SH. Risk of kidney dysfunction from polypharmacy among older patients: a nested case-control study of the South Korean senior cohort. Scientific Reports. 2019 Jul 18;9(1):10440. KANGH HONGSH Risk of kidney dysfunction from polypharmacy among older patients: a nested case-control study of the South Korean senior cohort Scientific Reports 2019 Jul 18 9 1 10440 Search in Google Scholar

19. CURHAN GC, KNIGHT EL, ROSNER B, HANKINSON SE, STAMPFER MJ. Lifetime nonnarcotic analgesic use and decline in renal function in women. Archives of internal medicine. 2004 Jul 26;164(14):1519–24. CURHANGC KNIGHTEL ROSNERB HANKINSONSE STAMPFERMJ Lifetime nonnarcotic analgesic use and decline in renal function in women Archives of internal medicine 2004 Jul 26 164 14 1519 24 Search in Google Scholar

20. MORLANS M, LAPORTE JR, VIDAL X, CABEZA D, STOLLEY PD. End-stage renal disease and non-narcotic analgesics: a case-control study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 1990 Nov;30(5):717–23. MORLANSM LAPORTEJR VIDALX CABEZAD STOLLEYPD End-stage renal disease and non-narcotic analgesics: a case-control study British journal of clinical pharmacology 1990 Nov 30 5 717 23 Search in Google Scholar

21. KURTH T, GLYNN RJ, WALKER AM, REXRODE KM, BURING JE, STAMPFER MJ, et al. Analgesic use and change in kidney function in apparently healthy men. American journal of kidney diseases. 2003 Aug 1;42(2):234–44. KURTHT GLYNNRJ WALKERAM REXRODEKM BURINGJE STAMPFERMJ Analgesic use and change in kidney function in apparently healthy men American journal of kidney diseases 2003 Aug 1 42 2 234 44 Search in Google Scholar

22. CHIU HY, HUANG HL, LI CH, YIN YJ, CHEN HA, HSU ST, et al. Increased risk of glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: a nationwide population-based cohort study. British Journal of Dermatology. 2015 Jul 1;173(1):146–54. CHIUHY HUANGHL LICH YINYJ CHENHA HSUST Increased risk of glomerulonephritis and chronic kidney disease in relation to the severity of psoriasis, concomitant medication, and comorbidity: a nationwide population-based cohort study British Journal of Dermatology 2015 Jul 1 173 1 146 54 Search in Google Scholar

23. CHIU HY, HUANG HL, LI CH, CHEN HA, YEH CL, CHIU SH, et al. Increased risk of chronic kidney disease in rheumatoid arthritis associated with cardiovascular complications–a national population-based cohort study. PloS one. 2015 Sep 25;10(9):e0136508. CHIUHY HUANGHL LICH CHENHA YEHCL CHIUSH Increased risk of chronic kidney disease in rheumatoid arthritis associated with cardiovascular complications–a national population-based cohort study PloS one 2015 Sep 25 10 9 e0136508 Search in Google Scholar

24. HANAOKA H, KIKUCHI J, HIRAMOTO K, SAITO S, KONDO Y, KANEKO Y. Decreased chronic kidney disease in rheumatoid arthritis in the era of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2022 Jul;15(7):1373–8. HANAOKAH KIKUCHIJ HIRAMOTOK SAITOS KONDOY KANEKOY Decreased chronic kidney disease in rheumatoid arthritis in the era of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs Clinical Kidney Journal 2022 Jul 15 7 1373 8 Search in Google Scholar

25. MÖLLER B, PRUIJM M, ADLER S, SCHERER A, VILLIGER PM, FINCKH A. Chronic NSAID use and long-term decline of renal function in a prospective rheumatoid arthritis cohort study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015 Apr 1;74(4):718–23. MÖLLERB PRUIJMM ADLERS SCHERERA VILLIGERPM FINCKHA Chronic NSAID use and long-term decline of renal function in a prospective rheumatoid arthritis cohort study Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2015 Apr 1 74 4 718 23 Search in Google Scholar

26. MORI S, YOSHITAMA T, HIRAKATA N, UEKI Y. Prevalence of and factors associated with renal dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study in community hospitals. Clinical rheumatology. 2017 Dec;36(12):2673–82. MORIS YOSHITAMAT HIRAKATAN UEKIY Prevalence of and factors associated with renal dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study in community hospitals Clinical rheumatology 2017 Dec 36 12 2673 82 Search in Google Scholar

27. STÜRMER T, ERB A, KELLER F, GÜNTHER KP, BRENNER H. Determinants of impaired renal function with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the importance of half-life and other medications. The American journal of medicine. 2001 Nov 1;111(7):521–7. STÜRMERT ERBA KELLERF GÜNTHERKP BRENNERH Determinants of impaired renal function with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the importance of half-life and other medications The American journal of medicine 2001 Nov 1 111 7 521 7 Search in Google Scholar

28. TOKOROYAMA T, ANDO M, SETOGUCHI K, TSUCHIYA K, NITTA K. Prevalence, incidence and prognosis of chronic kidney disease classified according to current guidelines: a large retrospective cohort study of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2017 Dec 1;32(12):2035–42. TOKOROYAMAT ANDOM SETOGUCHIK TSUCHIYAK NITTAK Prevalence, incidence and prognosis of chronic kidney disease classified according to current guidelines: a large retrospective cohort study of rheumatoid arthritis patients Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2017 Dec 1 32 12 2035 42 Search in Google Scholar

29. SHIGIDI MM, KARRAR WN. Risk factors associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 Nov 1;15(6):102320. SHIGIDIMM KARRARWN Risk factors associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2021 Nov 1 15 6 102320 Search in Google Scholar

30. TSAI HJ, HSU YH, HUANG YW, CHANG YK, LIU JS, HSU CC. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Diabetic Medicine. 2015 Mar;32(3):382–90. TSAIHJ HSUYH HUANGYW CHANGYK LIUJS HSUCC Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a nationwide longitudinal cohort study Diabetic Medicine 2015 Mar 32 3 382 90 Search in Google Scholar

31. HSU CC, WANG H, HSU YH, CHUANG SY, HUANG YW, CHANG YK, et al. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of chronic kidney disease in subjects with hypertension: nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Hypertension. 2015 Sep;66(3):524–33. HSUCC WANGH HSUYH CHUANGSY HUANGYW CHANGYK Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of chronic kidney disease in subjects with hypertension: nationwide longitudinal cohort study Hypertension 2015 Sep 66 3 524 33 Search in Google Scholar

32. IBEIEZ L, MORLANS M, VIDAL X, MARTANEZ MJ, LAPORTE JR. Case-control study of regular analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use and end-stage renal disease. Kidney international. 2005 Jun 1;67(6):2393–8. IBEIEZL MORLANSM VIDALX MARTANEZMJ LAPORTEJR Case-control study of regular analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use and end-stage renal disease Kidney international 2005 Jun 1 67 6 2393 8 Search in Google Scholar

33. PERNEGER TV, WHELTON PK, KLAG MJ. Risk of kidney failure associated with the use of acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. New England Journal of Medicine. 1994 Dec 22;331(25):1675–9 PERNEGERTV WHELTONPK KLAGMJ Risk of kidney failure associated with the use of acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs New England Journal of Medicine 1994 Dec 22 331 25 1675 9 Search in Google Scholar

34. SANDLER DP, SMITH JC, WEINBERG CR, BUCKALEW JR VM, DENNIS VW, BLYTHE WB, BURGESS WP, et al. Analgesic use and chronic renal disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 1989 May 11;320(19):1238–43. SANDLERDP SMITHJC WEINBERGCR BUCKALEWVMJR DENNISVW BLYTHEWB BURGESSWP Analgesic use and chronic renal disease New England Journal of Medicine 1989 May 11 320 19 1238 43 Search in Google Scholar

35. SANDLER DP, BURR FR, WEINBERG CR. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for chronic renal disease. Annals of internal medicine. 1991 Aug 1;115(3):165–. SANDLERDP BURRFR WEINBERGCR Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for chronic renal disease Annals of internal medicine 1991 Aug 1 115 3 165 Search in Google Scholar

36. VAN DER WOUDE FJ, HEINEMANN LA, GRAF H, LEWIS M, MOEHNER S, ASSMANN A, et al. Analgesics use and ESRD in younger age: a case-control study. BMC nephrology. 2007 Dec;8:1–2. VAN DER WOUDEFJ HEINEMANNLA GRAFH LEWISM MOEHNERS ASSMANNA Analgesics use and ESRD in younger age: a case-control study BMC nephrology 2007 Dec 8 1 2 Search in Google Scholar

37. HSU HJ, WU IW, HSU KH, SUN CY, HUNG MJ, CHEN CY, et al. The association between chronic musculoskeletal pain and clinical outcome in chronic kidney disease patients: a prospective cohort study. Renal failure. 2019 Jan 1;41(1):257–66. HSUHJ WUIW HSUKH SUNCY HUNGMJ CHENCY The association between chronic musculoskeletal pain and clinical outcome in chronic kidney disease patients: a prospective cohort study Renal failure 2019 Jan 1 41 1 257 66 Search in Google Scholar

38. KUO HW, TSAI SS, TIAO MM, LIU YC, LEE IM, YANG CY. Analgesic use and the risk for progression of chronic kidney disease. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. 2010 Jul;19(7):745–51. KUOHW TSAISS TIAOMM LIUYC LEEIM YANGCY Analgesic use and the risk for progression of chronic kidney disease Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2010 Jul 19 7 745 51 Search in Google Scholar

39. ZHAN M, DOERFLER RM, XIE D, CHEN J, CHEN HY, DIAMANTIDIS CJ, et al. Association of Opioids and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs With Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2020 Aug 1;76(2):184–93. ZHANM DOERFLERRM XIED CHENJ CHENHY DIAMANTIDISCJ Association of Opioids and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs With Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2020 Aug 1 76 2 184 93 Search in Google Scholar

40. MURRAY MD, BRATER DC, TIERNEY WM, HUI SL, MCDONALD CJ. Ibuprofen-associated renal impairment in a large general internal medicine practice. The American journal of the medical sciences. 1990 Apr 1;299(4):222–9. MURRAYMD BRATERDC TIERNEYWM HUISL MCDONALDCJ Ibuprofen-associated renal impairment in a large general internal medicine practice The American journal of the medical sciences 1990 Apr 1 299 4 222 9 Search in Google Scholar

41. GUH JY, CHEN HC, TSAI JF, CHUANG LY. Herbal therapy is associated with the risk of CKD in adults not using analgesics in Taiwan. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2007 May 1;49(5):626–33. GUHJY CHENHC TSAIJF CHUANGLY Herbal therapy is associated with the risk of CKD in adults not using analgesics in Taiwan American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2007 May 1 49 5 626 33 Search in Google Scholar

42. INGRASCIOTTA Y, SULTANA J, GIORGIANNI F, FONTANA A, SANTANGELO A, TARI DU, et al. Association of individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chronic kidney disease: a population-based case control study. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 16;10(4):e0122899. INGRASCIOTTAY SULTANAJ GIORGIANNIF FONTANAA SANTANGELOA TARIDU Association of individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chronic kidney disease: a population-based case control study PLoS One 2015 Apr 16 10 4 e0122899 Search in Google Scholar

43. PLANTINGA L, GRUBBS V, SARKAR U, HSU CY, HEDGEMAN E, ROBINSON B, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use among persons with chronic kidney disease in the United States. The Annals of Family Medicine. 2011 Sep 1;9(5):423–30. PLANTINGAL GRUBBSV SARKARU HSUCY HEDGEMANE ROBINSONB Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use among persons with chronic kidney disease in the United States The Annals of Family Medicine 2011 Sep 1 9 5 423 30 Search in Google Scholar

44. BATTELLI D, RICCARDI R, PISCAGLIA AC, STEFANELLI ML, MUSSONI L, ZANI A, et al. Analgesic, antiulcer, antithrombotic drugs and organ damage: a population-based case-control study. Minerva Medica. 2015 Dec 1;106(6):323–31. BATTELLID RICCARDIR PISCAGLIAAC STEFANELLIML MUSSONIL ZANIA Analgesic, antiulcer, antithrombotic drugs and organ damage: a population-based case-control study Minerva Medica 2015 Dec 1 106 6 323 31 Search in Google Scholar

45. AGODOA LY, FRANCIS ME, EGGERS PW. Association of analgesic use with prevalence of albuminuria and reduced GFR in US adults. American journal of kidney diseases. 2008 Apr 1;51(4):573–83. AGODOALY FRANCISME EGGERSPW Association of analgesic use with prevalence of albuminuria and reduced GFR in US adults American journal of kidney diseases 2008 Apr 1 51 4 573 83 Search in Google Scholar

46. FLORES M, RODRÍGUEZ JA, DELGADO A, GARCÍA-TRABANINO R. Prevalence and association of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia in an adult urban population of El Salvador. Nefrologia Latinoamericana. 2017 Oct 1;14(4):137–43. FLORESM RODRÍGUEZJA DELGADOA GARCÍA-TRABANINOR Prevalence and association of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperuricemia in an adult urban population of El Salvador Nefrologia Latinoamericana 2017 Oct 1 14 4 137 43 Search in Google Scholar

47. NDERITU P, DOOS L, STRAUSS VY, LAMBIE M, DAVIES SJ, KADAM UT. Analgesia dose prescribing and estimated glomerular filtration rate decline: a general practice database linkage cohort study. BMJ open. 2014 Aug 1;4(8):e005581. NDERITUP DOOSL STRAUSSVY LAMBIEM DAVIESSJ KADAMUT Analgesia dose prescribing and estimated glomerular filtration rate decline: a general practice database linkage cohort study BMJ open 2014 Aug 1 4 8 e005581 Search in Google Scholar

48. PAN Y, ZHANG L, WANG F, LI X, WANG H. China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease Working Group. Status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and its association with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional survey in China. Nephrology. 2014 Oct;19(10):655–60. PANY ZHANGL WANGF LIX WANGH China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease Working Group Status of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and its association with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional survey in China Nephrology 2014 Oct 19 10 655 60 Search in Google Scholar

49. NELSON DA, MARKS ES, DEUSTER PA, O’CONNOR FG, KURINA LM. Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions with kidney disease among active young and middle-aged adults. JAMA network open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e187896–. NELSONDA MARKSES DEUSTERPA O’CONNORFG KURINALM Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions with kidney disease among active young and middle-aged adults JAMA network open 2019 Feb 1 2 2 e187896 Search in Google Scholar

50. MACKINNON B, BOULTON-JONES M, MCLAUGHLIN K. Analgesic-associated nephropathy in the West of Scotland: a 12-year observational study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2003 Sep 1;18(9):1800–5. MACKINNONB BOULTON-JONESM MCLAUGHLINK Analgesic-associated nephropathy in the West of Scotland: a 12-year observational study Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003 Sep 1 18 9 1800 5 Search in Google Scholar

51. WAN EY, YU EY, CHAN L, MOK AH, WANG Y, CHAN EW, et al. Comparative risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on CKD. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2021 Jun 1;16(6):898–907. WANEY YUEY CHANL MOKAH WANGY CHANEW Comparative risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on CKD Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2021 Jun 1 16 6 898 907 Search in Google Scholar

52. EMILIE LAMBOURG, LESLEY COLVIN, GREG GUTHRIE, HEATHER WALKER, SAMIRA BELL. Analgesic use and associated adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 2022 Mar;128(3):546–561. EMILIELAMBOURG LESLEYCOLVIN GREGGUTHRIE HEATHERWALKER SAMIRABELL Analgesic use and associated adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Br J Anaesth 2022 Mar 128 3 546 561 Search in Google Scholar