Prevention of Pneumonia due to Ventilator in Critical Patients with U Shape Oral Hygiene Model: A Systematic Review

[1] O’Keefe-McCarthy S, Santiago C, Lau G. Ventilator-associated pneumonia bundled strategies: an evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs [Internet] 2008 [cited 2021 Dec 7];5(4):193–204. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2008.00140.x O’Keefe-McCarthy S Santiago C Lau G. Ventilator-associated pneumonia bundled strategies: an evidence-based practice . Worldviews Evid Based Nurs [Internet] 2008 [cited 2021 Dec 7 ]; 5 ( 4 ): 193 – 204 . Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2008.00140.x Search in Google Scholar

[2] Sedwick MB, Lance-Smith M, Reeder SJ, Nardi J. Using evidence-based practice to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Nurse [Internet] 2012 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Dec 7];32(4):41–51. Available from: https://aacnjournals.org/ccnonline/article/32/4/41/4437/Using-EvidenceBased-Practice-to-Prevent Sedwick MB Lance-Smith M Reeder SJ Nardi J. Using evidence-based practice to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia . Crit Care Nurse [Internet] 2012 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Dec 7 ]; 32 ( 4 ): 41 – 51 . Available from: https://aacnjournals.org/ccnonline/article/32/4/41/4437/Using-EvidenceBased-Practice-to-Prevent Search in Google Scholar

[3] Koeman M, van der Ven AJAM, Hak E, Joore HCA, Kaasjager K, de Smet AGA, et al. Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2006 Jun 15 [cited 2021 Dec 7];173(12):1348–55. Available from: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200505-820OC Koeman M van der Ven AJAM Hak E Joore HCA Kaasjager K de Smet AGA , Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia . Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet] 2006 Jun 15 [cited 2021 Dec 7 ]; 173 ( 12 ): 1348 – 55 . Available from: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200505-820OC Search in Google Scholar

[4] Berry AM, Davidson PM, Nicholson L, Pasqualotto C, Rolls K. Consensus based clinical guideline for oral hygiene in the critically ill. Intensive Crit Care Nurs [Internet] 2011 Aug [cited 2021 Dec 7];27(4):180–5. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964339711000462 Berry AM Davidson PM Nicholson L Pasqualotto C Rolls K. Consensus based clinical guideline for oral hygiene in the critically ill . Intensive Crit Care Nurs [Internet] 2011 Aug [cited 2021 Dec 7 ]; 27 ( 4 ): 180 – 5 . Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964339711000462 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Scannapieco FA. The oral microbiome: Its role in health and in oral and systemic infections. Clin Microbiol Newsl 2013 Oct 15;35(20):163–9. Scannapieco FA. The oral microbiome: Its role in health and in oral and systemic infections . Clin Microbiol Newsl 2013 Oct 15 ; 35 ( 20 ): 163 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

[6] Yao LY, Chang CK, Maa SH, Wang C, Chen CCH. Brushing teeth with purified water to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Nurs Res [Internet] 2011 Dec [cited 2022 Apr 18];19(4):289–97. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00134372-201112000-00008 Yao LY Chang CK Maa SH Wang C Chen CCH. Brushing teeth with purified water to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia . J Nurs Res [Internet] 2011 Dec [cited 2022 Apr 18 ]; 19 ( 4 ): 289 – 97 . Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00134372-201112000-00008 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Gu WJ, Gong YZ, Pan L, Ni YX, Liu JC. Impact of oral care with versus without toothbrushing on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2012 Oct 12;16(5):R190. Gu WJ Gong YZ Pan L Ni YX Liu JC. Impact of oral care with versus without toothbrushing on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Crit Care 2012 Oct 12 ; 16 ( 5 ): R190 . Search in Google Scholar

[8] Hayashida S, Funahara M, Sekino M, Yamaguchi N, Kosai K, Yanamoto S, et al. The effect of tooth brushing, irrigation, and topical tetracycline administration on the reduction of oral bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary study. BMC Oral Health 2016 Jun 7;16(1):67. Hayashida S Funahara M Sekino M Yamaguchi N Kosai K Yanamoto S , The effect of tooth brushing, irrigation, and topical tetracycline administration on the reduction of oral bacteria in mechanically ventilated patients: a preliminary study . BMC Oral Health 2016 Jun 7 ; 16 ( 1 ): 67 . Search in Google Scholar

[9] Nasiriani K, Torki F, Jarahzadeh MH, Rashidi Maybodi F. The effect of brushing with a soft toothbrush and distilled water on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Tanaffos 2016;15(2):101–7. Nasiriani K Torki F Jarahzadeh MH Rashidi Maybodi F. The effect of brushing with a soft toothbrush and distilled water on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit . Tanaffos 2016 ; 15 ( 2 ): 101 – 7 . Search in Google Scholar

[10] Sankaran SP, Sonis S. Network meta-analysis from a pairwise meta-analysis design: to assess the comparative effectiveness of oral care interventions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Clin Oral Investig 2021 May;25(5):2439–47. Sankaran SP Sonis S. Network meta-analysis from a pairwise meta-analysis design: to assess the comparative effectiveness of oral care interventions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients . Clin Oral Investig 2021 May ; 25 ( 5 ): 2439 – 47 . Search in Google Scholar

[11] Grap MJ, Munro CL, Hamilton VA, Elswick RK, Sessler CN, Ward KR. Early, single chlorhexidine application reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients. Heart & Lung 2011 Sep 1;40(5):e115–22. Grap MJ Munro CL Hamilton VA Elswick RK Sessler CN Ward KR. Early, single chlorhexidine application reduces ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma patients . Heart & Lung 2011 Sep 1 ; 40 ( 5 ): e115 – 22 . Search in Google Scholar

[12] Snyders O, Khondowe O, Bell J. Oral chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adults in the ICU: A systematic review. Southern African J Crit Care 2011 Nov;27(2):48–56. Snyders O Khondowe O Bell J. Oral chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adults in the ICU: A systematic review . Southern African J Crit Care 2011 Nov ; 27 ( 2 ): 48 – 56 . Search in Google Scholar

[13] Tuon FF, Gavrilko O, de Almeida S, Sumi ER, Alberto T, Rocha JL, et al. Prospective, randomised, controlled study evaluating early modification of oral microbiota following admission to the intensive care unit and oral hygiene with chlorhexidine. J Global Antimicrob Resist 2017 Mar 1;8:159–63. Tuon FF Gavrilko O , de Almeida S Sumi ER Alberto T Rocha JL , Prospective, randomised, controlled study evaluating early modification of oral microbiota following admission to the intensive care unit and oral hygiene with chlorhexidine . J Global Antimicrob Resist 2017 Mar 1 ; 8 : 159 – 63 . Search in Google Scholar

[14] Conley P, McKinsey D, Graff J, Ramsey AR. Does an oral care protocol reduce VAP in patients with a tracheostomy? Nursing 2013 Jul;43(7):18–23. Conley P McKinsey D Graff J Ramsey AR. Does an oral care protocol reduce VAP in patients with a tracheostomy? Nursing 2013 Jul ; 43 ( 7 ): 18 – 23 . Search in Google Scholar

[15] Cutler LR, Sluman P. Reducing ventilator associated pneumonia in adult patients through high standards of oral care: A historical control study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2014 Apr 1;30(2):61–8. Cutler LR Sluman P. Reducing ventilator associated pneumonia in adult patients through high standards of oral care: A historical control study . Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2014 Apr 1 ; 30 ( 2 ): 61 – 8 . Search in Google Scholar

[16] de Lacerda Vidal CF, Vidal AK de L, Monteiro JG de M, Cavalcanti A, Henriques AP da C, Oliveira M, et al. Impact of oral hygiene involving toothbrushing versus chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized study. BMC Infect Dis 2017 Jan 31;17(1):112. de Lacerda Vidal CF , Vidal AK de L , Monteiro JG de M Cavalcanti A Henriques AP da C Oliveira M , Impact of oral hygiene involving toothbrushing versus chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized study . BMC Infect Dis 2017 Jan 31 ; 17 ( 1 ): 112 . Search in Google Scholar

[17] Kusahara DM, Peterlini MAS, Pedreira MLG. Oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill children: randomised, controlled and double blind trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2012 Nov;49(11):1354–63. Kusahara DM Peterlini MAS Pedreira MLG. Oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill children: randomised, controlled and double blind trial . Int J Nurs Stud 2012 Nov ; 49 ( 11 ): 1354 – 63 . Search in Google Scholar

[18] Lorente L, Lecuona M, Jiménez A, Palmero S, Pastor E, Lafuente N, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia with or without toothbrushing: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012 Oct;31(10):2621–9. Lorente L Lecuona M Jiménez A Palmero S Pastor E Lafuente N , Ventilator-associated pneumonia with or without toothbrushing: a randomized controlled trial . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012 Oct ; 31 ( 10 ): 2621 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

[19] Ory J, Raybaud E, Chabanne R, Cosserant B, Faure JS, Guérin R, et al. Comparative study of 2 oral care protocols in intensive care units. Am J Infect Control 2017 Mar 1;45(3):245–50. Ory J Raybaud E Chabanne R Cosserant B Faure JS Guérin R , Comparative study of 2 oral care protocols in intensive care units . Am J Infect Control 2017 Mar 1 ; 45 ( 3 ): 245 – 50 . Search in Google Scholar

[20] Silva PUJ, Paranhos LR, Meneses-Santos D, Blumenberg C, Macedo DR, Cardoso SV. Combination of toothbrushing and chlorhexidine compared with exclusive use of chlorhexidine to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021;76:e2659. Silva PUJ Paranhos LR Meneses-Santos D Blumenberg C Macedo DR Cardoso SV. Combination of toothbrushing and chlorhexidine compared with exclusive use of chlorhexidine to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review with meta-analysis . Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021 ; 76 : e2659 . Search in Google Scholar

[21] Singh P, Arshad Z, Srivastava VK, Singh GP, Gangwar RS. Efficacy of oral care protocols in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Cureus [Internet] 2022 Apr 2 [cited 2022 Oct 6]; Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/87246-efficacy-of-oral-care-protocols-in-the-prevention-of-ventilator-associated-pneumonia-in-mechanically-ventilated-patients Singh P Arshad Z Srivastava VK Singh GP Gangwar RS. Efficacy of oral care protocols in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients . Cureus [Internet] 2022 Apr 2 [cited 2022 Oct 6 ]; Available from: https://www.cureus.com/articles/87246-efficacy-of-oral-care-protocols-in-the-prevention-of-ventilator-associated-pneumonia-in-mechanically-ventilated-patients Search in Google Scholar

[22] Soares E, Aldrigue R, Gaspar M, Franco G, Pochapski M, Campagnoli E, et al. Effects of chlorhexidine on the salivary microorganisms of patients in intensive care units. Rev Enf Ref 2021 Jun 30;5(6):1–8. Soares E Aldrigue R Gaspar M Franco G Pochapski M Campagnoli E , Effects of chlorhexidine on the salivary microorganisms of patients in intensive care units . Rev Enf Ref 2021 Jun 30 ; 5 ( 6 ): 1 – 8 . Search in Google Scholar

[23] Miclescu A. Chronic pain patient and anaesthesia. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2019;26(1):59–66. Miclescu A. Chronic pain patient and anaesthesia . Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care 2019 ; 26 ( 1 ): 59 – 66 . Search in Google Scholar

[24] Buckley MS, Dzierba AL, Smithburger PL, McAllen KJ, Jordan CJ, Kane-Gill SL. Chlorhexidine for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill adults. J Infect Prevent 2013;14(5):162–9. Buckley MS Dzierba AL Smithburger PL McAllen KJ Jordan CJ Kane-Gill SL. Chlorhexidine for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill adults . J Infect Prevent 2013 ; 14 ( 5 ): 162 – 9 . Search in Google Scholar

[25] Unahalekhaka A, Butpan P, Wongsaen R, Phunpae P, Preechasuth K. Contamination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria on toothbrushes used with mechanically ventilated patients: A cross sectional study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021 Aug 12;103120. Unahalekhaka A Butpan P Wongsaen R Phunpae P Preechasuth K. Contamination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria on toothbrushes used with mechanically ventilated patients: A cross sectional study . Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021 Aug 12 ; 103120 . Search in Google Scholar

[26] Butts CC, Miller P, Nunn A, Nelson A, Rosenberg M, Yanmis O, et al. RIB fracture triage pathway decreases ICU utilization, pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay. Injury 2021 Feb 1;52(2):231–4. Butts CC Miller P Nunn A Nelson A Rosenberg M Yanmis O , RIB fracture triage pathway decreases ICU utilization, pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay . Injury 2021 Feb 1 ; 52 ( 2 ): 231 – 4 . Search in Google Scholar

[27] American Association of Critical Care Nurses. Oral care for acutely and critically ill patients. Crit Care Nurse 2017 Jun 1;37(3):e19–21. American Association of Critical Care Nurses . Oral care for acutely and critically ill patients . Crit Care Nurse 2017 Jun 1 ; 37 ( 3 ): e19 – 21 . Search in Google Scholar