Open Access

Acute Pain Management and Perceptions among Emergency Healthcare Workers: Feedback From Greece

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Jan 14, 2023

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Figure 1

Route of administering analgesia.
Route of administering analgesia.

Figure 2

First choice of analgesic.
First choice of analgesic.

Figure 3

Drugs easily accessible in workplace.
Drugs easily accessible in workplace.

Figure 4

Awareness levels of different methods of pain relief.
Awareness levels of different methods of pain relief.

Figure 5

Reasons for not administering opioids as analgesic.
Reasons for not administering opioids as analgesic.

Figure 6

Patient subgroups that cause reluctance to administer analgesia.
Patient subgroups that cause reluctance to administer analgesia.

Frequencies and percentages of correct responses on questions regarding pain assessment_

MCQs “correct” answers n (%) “incorrect” answers n (%)
Which of the following pain assessment tools do you use more frequently in your everyday practice? NRS 32 (33%)VAS 4 (4%) The rest 62 (63%)3 unaware of tools
When do you consider the analgesic regimen you provided successful? When the score on the pain assessment tool I use becomes reduced 51 (52%) The rest 49 (49 %)
Do you reassess a patient after providing analgesia? Yes always 70 (69%) The rest 31 (31%)
Lickert
Vital signs are a reliable way to assess the intensity and the severity of pain a patient feels. Disagree 31 (31%) The rest 70 (69 %)
Absence of expression of pain by the patients signifies lack of pain. Disagree 82 (81%) The rest 19 (19 %)
Pain assessment tools are necessary. Agree 76 (75%) The rest 25 (25%)
The most reliable sign of the severity of pain someone is experiencing is the patient's description. Agree 59 (58%) The rest 42 (42%)

Demographic and background data of the participants (n=101)_

Gender n (%)
Male 58 (57%)
Female 43 (43%)
Age Groups
<35 57 (57%)
>35 44 (44%)
Years of experience (range)
<5 44 (44%)
>5 57 (57%)
Specialty
Anaesthesiology 12 (12%)
Internal Medicine 24 (24%)
Surgical specialties 57 (56%)
Emergency medicine 8 (8%)
Region of Employment
City 87 (86%)
Suburb 14 (14 %)
Participation on course/seminar regarding acute pain management during emergencies
Yes 16 (16%)
No 85 (84%)
Existing pain protocol in their workplace
Yes 24 (26%)
No 69 (74%)
Unaware 8

Frequencies and percentages of correct responses on questions regarding pain perceptions_

Lickert “correct” answers “incorrect” answers
Due to time shortage when handling emergencies, there is no time to achieve effective analgesia. Disagree 42 (42 %) The rest 59 (58%)
Up to diagnosis, no analgesia should be given to the patient. Disagree 62 (61%) The rest 39 (39 %)
On patients having consumed alcohol, no analgesia should be given. Disagree 57 (56%) The rest 44 (44%)
Complete pain alleviation in the ED is not a realistic goal. Disagree 69 (68%) The rest 32 (32%)
Patients with no or low level of consciousness cannot perceive pain. Disagree 80 (79%) The rest 21 (21%)
If a patient's attention can be distracted from his/her pain, then the pain is not severe. Disagree 45 (45%) The rest 56 (55%)
Administration of placebo to patients in pain is a useful way to understand if their pain is real. Disagree 39 (38%) The rest 52 (52%)
If a medical doctor does not consider a patient's condition painful, he/she should not administer analgesia. Disagree 71 (70%) The rest 30 (30%)
Same stimuli on different patients cause pain of the same severity and intensity. Disagree 80 (79%) The rest 21 (21%)
It is a patient's right to seek pain relief. Agree 87 (86%) The rest 14 (14%)
A patient's opinion should not be included during decision making with regard to pain relief. Disagree 70 (69%) The rest 31 (31%)
The opinion of my peers in my workplace, strongly affects the way I handle a patient's pain. Disagree 51 (50%) The rest 50 (50%)
Each patient's perception of acute pain is unique due to factors such as sex, cultural and religious beliefs and previous experiences that influence a patient's response to pain. Agree 82 (81%) The rest 19 (19%)
Medication for pain relief in the ED should be given only when the pain is severe. Disagree 76 (75%) The rest 25 (25%)

Frequencies and percentages of correct responses on questions regarding opioids and opiophobia_

MCQs “correct” answers n (%) “incorrect” answers n (%)
Do you feel comfortable giving opioids for acute pain management? Much 33 (33%) The rest 68 (67 %)
Lickert
Opioids can hide the diagnosis, therefore should not be given when the reason a person is in pain remains unknown. Disagree 46 (46%) The rest 55 (54 %)
An increased need for opioid analgesics is a sign the patient becomes dependent. Disagree 60 (59 %) The rest 41 (41 %)