<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Hate speech may be the research focus of the interdisciplinary field of hate studies, but it is also a difficult phenomenon to define. Internationally, there are several detection studies on automatically detecting hate speech. They can be grouped according to two approaches: the first includes searching using only machine learning methods, while the second includes studies that combine automatic searching with human classification. The case study on anti-Gypsy hate in Italian on Twitter in the second half of 2020 falls into the second category, and its methods are outlined here. Based on the results (annotation as ‘hate’/‘non-hate’, identification of forms of rhetoric and anti-Gypsyism), the researchers propose classifying online content according to seven indicators called the ‘spectrum of online hate’.</p>
</abstract>

Hate speech may be the research focus of the interdisciplinary field of hate studies, but it is also a difficult phenomenon to define. Internationally, there are several detection studies on automatically detecting hate speech. They can be grouped according to two approaches: the first includes searching using only machine learning methods, while the second includes studies that combine automatic searching with human classification. The case study on anti-Gypsy hate in Italian on Twitter in the second half of 2020 falls into the second category, and its methods are outlined here. Based on the results (annotation as ‘hate’/‘non-hate’, identification of forms of rhetoric and anti-Gypsyism), the researchers propose classifying online content according to seven indicators called the ‘spectrum of online hate’.

Hate Speech Research: Algorithmic and Qualitative Evaluations. A Case Study of Anti-Gypsy Hate on Twitter

Research on Education and Media

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Hate speech may be the research focus of the interdisciplinary field of hate studies, but it is also a difficult phenomenon to define. Internationally, there...

Hate Speech Research: Algorithmic and Qualitative Evaluations. A Case Study of Anti-Gypsy Hate on Twitter

Published Online: Jan 28, 2023

Page range: 130 - 139

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2023-0017

Keywords
racism, artificial intelligence, humanities, Internet

© 2022 Stefano Pasta, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Hate Speech Research: Algorithmic and Qualitative Evaluations. A Case Study of Anti-Gypsy Hate on Twitter

Published Online: Jan 28, 2023

Page range: 130 - 139

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rem-2023-0017

Keywordsracism, artificial intelligence, humanities, Internet

© 2022 Stefano Pasta, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
racism, artificial intelligence, humanities, Internet