This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Arai H, Kritchevsky SB, Guralnik J, et al. International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22: 1148-61. doi: 10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9DentEMorleyJECruz-JentoftAJAraiHKritchevskySBGuralnikJInternational Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): screening, diagnosis and management. J Nutr Health Aging2018; 22: 1148-61. 10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A, Ahadi Z, Larijani B, Heshmat R. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16: 21. doi: 10.1186/s40200-017-0302-xShafieeGKeshtkarASoltaniAAhadiZLarijaniBHeshmatR.Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord2017; 16: 21. 10.1186/s40200-017-0302-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, Ballmer P, Biolo G, Bischoff SC, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr 2017; 36: 49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004CederholmTBarazzoniRAustinPBallmerPBioloGBischoffSCESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr2017; 36: 49-64. 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Filippin LI, Teixeira VN de O, da Silva MPM, Miraglia F, da Silva FS. Sarcopenia: a predictor of mortality and the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Aging Clin Exp Res 2015; 27: 249-54. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0281-4FilippinLITeixeiraVN de Oda SilvaMPMMiragliaFda SilvaFS.Sarcopenia: a predictor of mortality and the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Aging Clin Exp Res2015; 27: 249-54. 10.1007/s40520-014-0281-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Janssen I, Shepard DS, Katzmarzyk PT, Roubenoff R. The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: 80-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.xJanssenIShepardDSKatzmarzykPTRoubenoffR.The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc2004; 52: 80-5. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52014.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Moisey LL, Mourtzakis M, Cotton BA, Premji T, Heyland DK, Wade CE, et al. Skeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit Care 2013; 17: R206. doi: 10.1186/cc12901MoiseyLLMourtzakisMCottonBAPremjiTHeylandDKWadeCESkeletal muscle predicts ventilator-free days, ICU-free days, and mortality in elderly ICU patients. Crit Care2013; 17: R206. 10.1186/cc12901Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, Arnal JF, Bautmans I, Beaudart C, Bischoff-Ferrari H, et al. Quality of life in sarcopenia and frailty. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93: 101-20. doi: 10.1007/s00223-013-9758-yRizzoliRReginsterJYArnalJFBautmansIBeaudartCBischoff-FerrariHQuality of life in sarcopenia and frailty. Calcif Tissue Int2013; 93: 10120. 10.1007/s00223-013-9758-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2019; 48: 16-31. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy169Cruz-JentoftAJBahatGBauerJBoirieYBruyèreOCederholmTSarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing2019; 48: 16-31. 10.1093/ageing/afy169Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nijholt W, Scafoglieri A, Jager-Wittenaar H, Hobbelen JSM, van der Schans CP. The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8: 702-12. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12210NijholtWScafoglieriAJager-WittenaarHHobbelenJSMvan der SchansCP.The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2017; 8: 702-12. 10.1002/jcsm.12210Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Slomian J, Buckinx F, Dardenne N, Quabron A, et al. Estimation of sarcopenia prevalence using various assessment tools. Exp Gerontol 2015; 61: 31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.014BeaudartCReginsterJYSlomianJBuckinxFDardenneNQuabronAEstimation of sarcopenia prevalence using various assessment tools. Exp Gerontol2015; 61: 31-7. 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.014Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Batsis JA, Barre LK, Mackenzie TA, Pratt SI, Lopez-Jimenez F, Bartels SJ. Variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults associated with different research definitions: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 974-80. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12260BatsisJABarreLKMackenzieTAPrattSILopez-JimenezFBartelsSJ.Variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older adults associated with different research definitions: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. J Am Geriatr Soc2013; 61: 974-80. 10.1111/jgs.12260Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bijlsma AY, Meskers CG, Ling CH, Narici M, Kurrle SE, Cameron ID, et al. Defining sarcopenia: the impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large middle aged cohort. Age (Dordr) 2013; 35: 871-81. doi: 10.1007/s11357-012-9384-zBijlsmaAYMeskersCGLingCHNariciMKurrleSECameronIDDefining sarcopenia: the impact of different diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large middle aged cohort. Age (Dordr)2013; 35: 871-81. 10.1007/s11357-012-9384-zOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sanada K, Kearns CF, Midorikawa T, Abe T. Prediction and validation of total and regional skeletal muscle mass by ultrasound in Japanese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 96: 24-31. doi: 10.1007/s00421-005-0061-0SanadaKKearnsCFMidorikawaTAbeT.Prediction and validation of total and regional skeletal muscle mass by ultrasound in Japanese adults. Eur J Appl Physiol2006; 96: 24-31. 10.1007/s00421-005-0061-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mitsiopoulos N, Baumgartner RN, Heymsfield SB, Lyons W, Gallagher D, Ross R. Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998; 85: 115-22. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.115MitsiopoulosNBaumgartnerRNHeymsfieldSBLyonsWGallagherDRossR.Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. J Appl Physiol (1985)1998; 85: 115-22. 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.115Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ticinesi A, Meschi T, Narici MV, Lauretani F, Maggio M. Muscle ultrasound and sarcopenia in older individuals: a clinical perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18: 290-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.013TicinesiAMeschiTNariciMVLauretaniFMaggioM.Muscle ultrasound and sarcopenia in older individuals: a clinical perspective. J Am Med Dir Assoc2017; 18: 290-300. 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.013Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pretorius A, Keating JL. Validity of real time ultrasound for measuring skeletal muscle size. Phys Ther Rev 2008; 13: 415-26. doi: 10.1179/174328808X356447PretoriusAKeatingJL.Validity of real time ultrasound for measuring skeletal muscle size. Phys Ther Rev2008; 13: 415-26. 10.1179/174328808X356447Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP, Young KC. Prediction and validation of DXA-derived appendicular lean soft tissue mass by ultrasound in older adults. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37: 114. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9853-2AbeTThiebaudRSLoennekeJPYoungKC.Prediction and validation of DXA-derived appendicular lean soft tissue mass by ultrasound in older adults. Age (Dordr)2015; 37: 114. 10.1007/s11357-015-9853-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hull H, He Q, Thornton J, Javed F, Allen L, Wang J, et al. iDXA, Prodigy, and DPXL dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans: a crosscalibration study. J Clin Densitom 2009; 12: 95-102. doi: 10.1016/j. jocd.2008.09.004HullHHeQThorntonJJavedFAllenLWangJiDXA, Prodigy, and DPXL dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scans: a crosscalibration study. J Clin Densitom2009; 12: 95-102. 10.1016/j. jocd.2008.09.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Takai Y, Ohta M, Akagi R, Kato E, Wakahara T, Kawakami Y, et al. Validity of ultrasound muscle thickness measurements for predicting leg skeletal muscle mass in healthy Japanese middle-aged and older individuals. J Physiol Anthropol 2013; 32: 12. doi: 10.1186/1880-6805-32-12TakaiYOhtaMAkagiRKatoEWakaharaTKawakamiYValidity of ultrasound muscle thickness measurements for predicting leg skeletal muscle mass in healthy Japanese middle-aged and older individuals. J Physiol Anthropol2013; 32: 12. 10.1186/1880-6805-32-12Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Scafoglieri A, Deklerck R, Tresignie J, De Mey J, Clarys JP, Bautmans I. Assessment of regional adipose tissue depots: a DXA and CT comparison in cadavers of elderly persons. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48: 985-91. doi: 10.1016/j. exger.2013.07.005ScafoglieriADeklerckRTresignieJDe MeyJClarysJPBautmansI.Assessment of regional adipose tissue depots: a DXA and CT comparison in cadavers of elderly persons. Exp Gerontol2013; 48: 985-91. 10.1016/j. exger.2013.07.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Álvarez MN, Ronda MAV, Rangel LS, Thuissard-Vasallo IJ, Andreu-Vazquez C, Martin PM, et al. Muscle assessment by ultrasonography: agreement with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and relationship with physical performance. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25: 956-63. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1669-4ÁlvarezMNRondaMAVRangelLSThuissard-VasalloIJAndreu-VazquezCMartinPMMuscle assessment by ultrasonography: agreement with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and relationship with physical performance. J Nutr Health Aging2021; 25: 956-63. 10.1007/s12603-021-1669-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dehghan M, Merchant AT. Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies? Nutr J 2008; 7: 26. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-7-26DehghanMMerchantAT.Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies?Nutr J2008; 7: 26. 10.1186/14752891-7-26Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rösler A, Lehmann F, Krause T, Wirth R, von Renteln-Kruse W. Nutritional and hydration status in elderly subjects: clinical rating versus bioimpedance analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 50: e81-5. doi: 10.1016/j. archger.2009.06.007RöslerALehmannFKrauseTWirthRvon Renteln-KruseW.Nutritional and hydration status in elderly subjects: clinical rating versus bioimpedance analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr2010; 50: e81-5. 10.1016/j. archger.2009.06.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 1059-64. doi: 10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059GoodpasterBHParkSWHarrisTBKritchevskySBNevittMSchwartzAVThe loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2006; 61: 1059-64. 10.1093/gerona/61.10.1059Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mitchell WK, Williams J, Atherton P, Larvin M, Lund J, Narici M. Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol 2012; 3: 260. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00260MitchellWKWilliamsJAthertonPLarvinMLundJNariciM.Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol2012; 3: 260. 10.3389/fphys.2012.00260Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Maddocks M, Jones M, Snell T, Connolly B, de Wolf-Linder S, Moxham J, et al. Ankle dorsiflexor muscle size, composition and force with ageing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Physiol 2014; 99: 1078-88. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080093MaddocksMJonesMSnellTConnollyBde Wolf-LinderSMoxhamJAnkle dorsiflexor muscle size, composition and force with ageing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Physiol2014; 99: 1078-88. 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.080093Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Barbat-Artigas S, Rolland Y, Zamboni M, Aubertin-Leheudre M. How to assess functional status: a new muscle quality index. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16: 67-77. doi: 10.1007/s12603-012-0004-5Barbat-ArtigasSRollandYZamboniMAubertin-LeheudreM.How to assess functional status: a new muscle quality index. J Nutr Health Aging2012; 16: 67-77. 10.1007/s12603-012-0004-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Newman AB, Haggerty CL, Goodpaster B, Harris T, Kritchevsky S, Nevitt M, et al. Strength and muscle quality in a well-functioning cohort of older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003; 51: 323-30. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51105.xNewmanABHaggertyCLGoodpasterBHarrisTKritchevskySNevittMStrength and muscle quality in a well-functioning cohort of older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc2003; 51: 323-30. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51105.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Amini B, Boyle SP, Boutin RD, Lenchik L. Approaches to assessment of muscle mass and myosteatosis on computed tomography: a systematic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74: 1671-78. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glz034AminiBBoyleSPBoutinRDLenchikL.Approaches to assessment of muscle mass and myosteatosis on computed tomography: a systematic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2019; 74: 1671-78. 10.1093/gerona/glz034Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aubrey J, Esfandiari N, Baracos VE, Buteau FA, Frenette J, Putman CT, et al. Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210: 489-97. doi: 10.1111/apha.12224AubreyJEsfandiariNBaracosVEButeauFAFrenetteJPutmanCTMeasurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation. Acta Physiol (Oxf)2014; 210: 489-97. 10.1111/apha.12224Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Heymsfield SB, Gonzalez MC, Lu J, Jia G, Zheng J. Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74: 355-66. doi: 10.1017/S0029665115000129HeymsfieldSBGonzalezMCLuJJiaGZhengJ.Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia. Proc Nutr Soc2015; 74: 355-66. 10.1017/S0029665115000129Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Thomaes T, Thomis M, Onkelinx S, Coudyzer W, Cornelissen V, Vanhees L. Reliability and validity of the ultrasound technique to measure the rectus femoris muscle diameter in older CAD-patients. BMC Med Imaging 2012; 12: 7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2342-12-7ThomaesTThomisMOnkelinxSCoudyzerWCornelissenVVanheesL.Reliability and validity of the ultrasound technique to measure the rectus femoris muscle diameter in older CAD-patients. BMC Med Imaging2012; 12: 7. 10.1186/1471-2342-12-7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Reeves ND, Maganaris CN, Narici MV. Ultrasonographic assessment of human skeletal muscle size. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 116-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0961-9ReevesNDMaganarisCNNariciMV.Ultrasonographic assessment of human skeletal muscle size. Eur J Appl Physiol2004; 91: 116-8. 10.1007/s00421-003-0961-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cartwright MS, Demar S, Griffin LP, Balakrishnan N, Harris JM, Walker FO. Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47: 515-21. doi: 10.1002/mus.23621CartwrightMSDemarSGriffinLPBalakrishnanNHarrisJMWalkerFO.Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound. Muscle Nerve2013; 47: 515-21. 10.1002/mus.23621Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Betz T, Wehrstein M, Preisner F, Bendszus M, Friedmann-Bette B. Reliability and validity of a standardised ultrasound examination protocol to quantify vastus lateralis muscle. J Rehabil Med 2021; 53: jrm00212. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2854BetzTWehrsteinMPreisnerFBendszusMFriedmann-BetteB.Reliability and validity of a standardised ultrasound examination protocol to quantify vastus lateralis muscle. J Rehabil Med2021; 53: jrm00212. 10.2340/16501977-2854Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang Z, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 89: 81-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81JanssenIHeymsfieldSBWangZRossR.Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. J Appl Physiol (1985)2000; 89: 81-8. 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Sakamaki M, Yasuda T, Bemben MG, Kondo M, Kawakami Y, et al. Age-related, site-specific muscle loss in 1507 Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years. J Sports Sci Med 2011; 10: 145-50. PMID: 24149307AbeTSakamakiMYasudaTBembenMGKondoMKawakamiYAge-related, site-specific muscle loss in 1507 Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years. J Sports Sci Med2011; 10: 145-50. PMID: 24149307Search in Google Scholar
Abe T, Kawakami Y, Kondo M, Fukunaga T. Comparison of ultrasound-measured age-related, site-specific muscle loss between healthy Japanese and German men. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2011; 31: 320-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01021.xAbeTKawakamiYKondoMFukunagaT.Comparison of ultrasound-measured age-related, site-specific muscle loss between healthy Japanese and German men. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2011; 31: 320-5. 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01021.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Perkisas S, Bastijns S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beaudart C, Beckwée D, et al. Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12: 45-59. doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9PerkisasSBastijnsSBaudrySBauerJBeaudartCBeckwéeDApplication of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med2021; 12: 45-59. 10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mirón Mombiela R, Vucetic J, Rossi F, Tagliafico AS. Ultrasound biomarkers for sarcopenia: what can we tell so far? Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24: 181-93. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3402745Mirón MombielaRVuceticJRossiFTagliaficoAS.Ultrasound biomarkers for sarcopenia: what can we tell so far?Semin Musculoskelet Radiol2020; 24: 181-93. 10.1055/s-0039-3402745Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fu H, Wang L, Zhang W, Lu J, Yang M. Diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for sarcopenia diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14: 57-70. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13149FuHWangLZhangWLuJYangM.Diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for sarcopenia diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2023; 14: 57-70. 10.1002/jcsm.13149Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nijholt W, Jager-Wittenaar H, Raj IS, van der Schans CP, Hobbelen H. Reliability and validity of ultrasound to estimate muscles: a comparison between different transducers and parameters. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 35: 146-52. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.009NijholtWJager-WittenaarHRajISvan der SchansCPHobbelenH.Reliability and validity of ultrasound to estimate muscles: a comparison between different transducers and parameters. Clin Nutr ESPEN2020; 35: 146-52. 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hammond K, Mampilly J, Laghi FA, Goyal A, Collins EG, McBurney C, et al. Validity and reliability of rectus femoris ultrasound measurements: comparison of curved-array and linear-array transducers. J Rehabil Res Dev 2014; 51: 1155-64. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0187HammondKMampillyJLaghiFAGoyalACollinsEGMcBurneyCValidity and reliability of rectus femoris ultrasound measurements: comparison of curved-array and linear-array transducers. J Rehabil Res Dev2014; 51: 1155-64. 10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0187Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Thoirs K, English C. Ultrasound measures of muscle thickness: intra-examiner reliability and influence of body position. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2009; 29: 440-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2009.00897.xThoirsKEnglishC.Ultrasound measures of muscle thickness: intra-examiner reliability and influence of body position. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2009; 29: 440-6. 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2009.00897.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cartwright MS, Demar S, Griffin LP, Balakrishnan N, Harris JM, Walker FO. Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47: 515-21. doi: 10.1002/mus.23621CartwrightMSDemarSGriffinLPBalakrishnanNHarrisJMWalkerFO.Validity and reliability of nerve and muscle ultrasound. Muscle Nerve2013; 47: 515-21. 10.1002/mus.23621Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cagnie B, Derese E, Vandamme L, Verstraete K, Cambier D, Danneels L. Validity and reliability of ultrasonography for the longus colli in asymptomatic subjects. Man Ther 2009; 14: 421-6. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2008.07.007CagnieBDereseEVandammeLVerstraeteKCambierDDanneelsL.Validity and reliability of ultrasonography for the longus colli in asymptomatic subjects. Man Ther2009; 14: 421-6. 10.1016/j.math.2008.07.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dupont A, Sauerbrei EE, Fenton PV, Shragge PC, Loeb GE, Richmond FJR. Real-time sonography to estimate muscle thickness: comparison with MRI and CT. J Clin Ultrasound 2001; 29: 230-6. doi:10.1002/jcu.1025DupontASauerbreiEEFentonPVShraggePCLoebGERichmondFJR.Real-time sonography to estimate muscle thickness: comparison with MRI and CT. J Clin Ultrasound2001; 29: 230-6. doi:10.1002/jcu.1025Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Peres LM, Luis-Silva F, Menegueti MG, Lovato WJ, Espirito Santo DAD, Donadel MD, et al. Comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography for measuring skeletal muscle mass in critically ill patients with different body mass index. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59: 214-24. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.012PeresLMLuis-SilvaFMeneguetiMGLovatoWJEspirito SantoDADDonadelMDComparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography for measuring skeletal muscle mass in critically ill patients with different body mass index. Clin Nutr ESPEN2024; 59: 214-24. 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Nakatani M, Loenneke JP. Relationship between ultrasound muscle thickness and MRI-measured muscle cross-sectional area in the forearm: a pilot study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018; 38: 652-5. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12462AbeTNakataniMLoennekeJP.Relationship between ultrasound muscle thickness and MRI-measured muscle cross-sectional area in the forearm: a pilot study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2018; 38: 652-5. 10.1111/cpf.12462Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Miyachi R, Kanazawa Y, Fujii Y, Ohno N, Miyati T, Yamazaki T. Reliability of lower leg muscle thickness measurement along the long axis of the muscle using ultrasound imaging, in a sitting position. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34: 515-21. doi: 10.1589/jpts.34.515MiyachiRKanazawaYFujiiYOhnoNMiyatiTYamazakiT.Reliability of lower leg muscle thickness measurement along the long axis of the muscle using ultrasound imaging, in a sitting position. J Phys Ther Sci2022; 34: 515-21. 10.1589/jpts.34.515Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dhariwal S, Roy A, Taneja S, Bansal A, Gorsi U, Singh S, et al. Assessment of sarcopenia using muscle ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenic obesity (AMUSE STUDY). J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57: 841-7. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001745DhariwalSRoyATanejaSBansalAGorsiUSinghSAssessment of sarcopenia using muscle ultrasound in patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenic obesity (AMUSE STUDY). J Clin Gastroenterol2023; 57: 841-7. 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001745Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Zhao R, Li X, Jiang Y, Su N, Li J, Kang L, et al. Evaluation of appendicular muscle mass in sarcopenia in older adults using ultrasonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology 2022; 68: 1174-98. doi: 10.1159/000525758ZhaoRLiXJiangYSuNLiJKangLEvaluation of appendicular muscle mass in sarcopenia in older adults using ultrasonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology2022; 68: 1174-98. 10.1159/000525758Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Staempfli JS, Kistler-Fischbacher M, Gewiess J, Bastian J, Eggimann AK. The validity of muscle ultrasound in the diagnostic workup of sarcopenia among older adults: a scoping review. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19: 993-1003. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S463917StaempfliJSKistler-FischbacherMGewiessJBastianJEggimannAK.The validity of muscle ultrasound in the diagnostic workup of sarcopenia among older adults: a scoping review. Clin Interv Aging2024; 19: 993-1003. 10.2147/CIA.S463917Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nies I, Ackermans LLGC, Poeze M, Blokhuis TJ, Ten Bosch JA. The diagnostic value of ultrasound of the rectus femoris for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in adults: a systematic review. Injury 2022; 53: S23-S29. doi: 10.1016/j. injury.2022.06.004NiesIAckermansLLGCPoezeMBlokhuisTJTen BoschJA.The diagnostic value of ultrasound of the rectus femoris for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in adults: a systematic review. Injury2022; 53: S23-S29. 10.1016/j. injury.2022.06.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Li L, Xia Z, Zeng X, Tang A, Wang L, Su Y. The agreement of different techniques for muscle measurement in diagnosing sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14: 2177-92. doi: 10.21037/qims-23-1089LiLXiaZZengXTangAWangLSuY.The agreement of different techniques for muscle measurement in diagnosing sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Quant Imaging Med Surg2024; 14: 2177-92. 10.21037/qims-23-1089Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Linek P. The importance of body mass normalisation for ultrasound measurements of the morphology of oblique abdominis muscles: the effect of age, gender, and sport practice. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2018; 77: 123-30. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2017.0059LinekP.The importance of body mass normalisation for ultrasound measurements of the morphology of oblique abdominis muscles: the effect of age, gender, and sport practice. Folia Morphol (Warsz)2018; 77: 123-30. 10.5603/FM.a2017.0059Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Merrigan JJ, White JB, Hu YE, Stone JD, Oliver JM, Jones MT. Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118: 2359-66. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3962-4MerriganJJWhiteJBHuYEStoneJDOliverJMJonesMT.Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women. Eur J Appl Physiol2018; 118: 2359-66. 10.1007/s00421-018-3962-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kanehisa H, Ito M, Kawakami Y, Fukunaga T, Miyatani M. The accuracy of volume estimates using ultrasound muscle thickness measurements in different muscle groups. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 91: 264-72. doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0974-4KanehisaHItoMKawakamiYFukunagaTMiyataniM.The accuracy of volume estimates using ultrasound muscle thickness measurements in different muscle groups. Eur J Appl Physiol2004; 91: 264-72. 10.1007/s00421-003-0974-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Perkisas S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beckwée D, De Cock AM, Hobbelen H, et al. Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: towards standardized measurements. Eur Geriatr Med 2018; 9: 739-57. doi: 10.1007/s41999-018-0104-9PerkisasSBaudrySBauerJBeckwéeDDe CockAMHobbelenHApplication of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: towards standardized measurements. Eur Geriatr Med2018; 9: 739-57. 10.1007/s41999-018-0104-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Dyhre-Poulsen P, Leffers AM, Wagner A, Magnusson SP, et al. A mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture. J Physiol 2001; 534: 613-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001. t01-1-00613.xAagaardPAndersenJLDyhre-PoulsenPLeffersAMWagnerAMagnussonSPA mechanism for increased contractile strength of human pennate muscle in response to strength training: changes in muscle architecture. J Physiol2001; 534: 613-23. 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001. t01-1-00613.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Franchi MV, Longo S, Mallinson J, Quinlan JI, Taylor T, Greenhaff PL, et al. Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training-induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28: 846-53. doi: 10.1111/sms.12961FranchiMVLongoSMallinsonJQuinlanJITaylorTGreenhaffPLMuscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training-induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports2018; 28: 846-53. 10.1111/sms.12961Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Formenti P, Umbrello M, Coppola S, Froio S, Chiumello D. Clinical review: peripheral muscular ultrasound in the ICU. Ann Intensive Care 2019; 9: 57. doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0531-xFormentiPUmbrelloMCoppolaSFroioSChiumelloD.Clinical review: peripheral muscular ultrasound in the ICU. Ann Intensive Care2019; 9: 57. 10.1186/s13613-019-0531-xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Seymour JM, Ward K, Sidhu PS, Puthucheary Z, Steier J, Jolley CJ, et al. Ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area and the relationship with quadriceps strength in COPD. Thorax 2009; 64: 418-23. doi: 10.1136/thx.2008.103986SeymourJMWardKSidhuPSPuthuchearyZSteierJJolleyCJUltrasound measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area and the relationship with quadriceps strength in COPD. Thorax2009; 64: 418-23. 10.1136/thx.2008.103986Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ozturk Y, Koca M, Burkuk S, Unsal P, Dikmeer A, Oytun MG, et al. The role of muscle ultrasound to predict sarcopenia. Nutrition 2022; 101: 111692. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111692OzturkYKocaMBurkukSUnsalPDikmeerAOytunMGThe role of muscle ultrasound to predict sarcopenia. Nutrition2022; 101: 111692. 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111692Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
de Luis Roman D, García Almeida JM, Bellido Guerrero D, Guzmán Rolo G, Martín A, Primo Martín D, et al. Ultrasound cut-off values for rectus femoris for detecting sarcopenia in patients with nutritional risk. Nutrients 2024; 16: 1552. doi: 10.3390/nu16111552de Luis RomanDGarcía AlmeidaJMBellido GuerreroDGuzmán RoloGMartínAPrimo MartínDUltrasound cut-off values for rectus femoris for detecting sarcopenia in patients with nutritional risk. Nutrients2024; 16: 1552. 10.3390/nu16111552Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Looijaard WG, Dekker IM, Stapel SN, Girbes AR, Twisk JW, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, et al. Skeletal muscle quality as assessed by CT-derived skeletal muscle density is associated with 6-month mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Crit Care 2016; 20: 386. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1563-3LooijaardWGDekkerIMStapelSNGirbesARTwiskJWOudemans-van StraatenHMSkeletal muscle quality as assessed by CT-derived skeletal muscle density is associated with 6-month mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Crit Care2016; 20: 386. 10.1186/s13054-016-1563-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Body S, Ligthart MAP, Rahman S, Ward J, May-Miller P, Pucher PH, et al. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis predict adverse outcomes after emergency laparotomy. Ann Surg 2022; 275: 1103-11. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004781BodySLigthartMAPRahmanSWardJMay-MillerPPucherPHSarcopenia and myosteatosis predict adverse outcomes after emergency laparotomy. Ann Surg2022; 275: 1103-11. 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004781Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Blackwell JEM, Herrod PJJ, Doleman B, Boyd-Carson H, Dolan D, Wheldon L, et al. CT-derived measures of muscle quantity and quality predict poorer outcomes from elective colorectal surgery: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27: 1091-98. doi: 10.1007/s10151-023-02769-3BlackwellJEMHerrodPJJDolemanBBoyd-CarsonHDolanDWheldonLCT-derived measures of muscle quantity and quality predict poorer outcomes from elective colorectal surgery: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study. Tech Coloproctol2023; 27: 1091-98. 10.1007/s10151-023-02769-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kamiliou A, Lekakis V, Chrysavgis L, Cholongitas E. Prevalence and impact on the outcome of myosteatosis in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int 2024; 18: 688-99. doi: 10.1007/s12072-023-10632-8KamiliouALekakisVChrysavgisLCholongitasE.Prevalence and impact on the outcome of myosteatosis in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int2024; 18: 688-99. 10.1007/s12072-023-10632-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lortie J, Rush B, Osterbauer K, Colgan TJ, Tamada D, Garlapati S, et al. Myosteatosis as a shared biomarker for sarcopenia and cachexia using MRI and ultrasound. Front Rehabil Sci 2022; 3: 896114. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.896114LortieJRushBOsterbauerKColganTJTamadaDGarlapatiSMyosteatosis as a shared biomarker for sarcopenia and cachexia using MRI and ultrasound. Front Rehabil Sci2022; 3: 896114. 10.3389/fresc.2022.896114Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Reimers K, Reimers CD, Wagner S, Paetzke I, Pongratz DE. Skeletal muscle sonography: a correlative study of echogenicity and morphology. J Ultrasound Med 1993; 12: 73-7. doi: 10.7863/jum.1993.12.2.73ReimersKReimersCDWagnerSPaetzkeIPongratzDE.Skeletal muscle sonography: a correlative study of echogenicity and morphology. J Ultrasound Med1993; 12: 73-7. 10.7863/jum.1993.12.2.73Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wilhelm EN, Rech A, Minozzo F, Radaelli R, Botton CE, Pinto RS. Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36: 9625. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9625-4WilhelmENRechAMinozzoFRadaelliRBottonCEPintoRS.Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men. Age (Dordr)2014; 36: 9625. 10.1007/s11357-014-9625-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pillen S, van Keimpema M, Nievelstein RAJ, Verrips A, van Kruijsbergen-Raijmann W, Zwarts MJ. Skeletal muscle ultrasonography: visual versus quantitative evaluation. Ultrasound Med Biol 2006; 32: 1315-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.05.028PillenSvan KeimpemaMNievelsteinRAJVerripsAvan Kruijsbergen-RaijmannWZwartsMJ.Skeletal muscle ultrasonography: visual versus quantitative evaluation. Ultrasound Med Biol2006; 32: 1315-21. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.05.028Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Watanabe Y, Ikenaga M, Yoshimura E, Yamada Y, Kimura M. Association between echo intensity and attenuation of skeletal muscle in young and older adults: a comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13: 1871-78. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S173372WatanabeYIkenagaMYoshimuraEYamadaYKimuraM.Association between echo intensity and attenuation of skeletal muscle in young and older adults: a comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography. Clin Interv Aging2018; 13: 1871-78. 10.2147/CIA.S173372Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Isaka M, Sugimoto K, Yasunobe Y, Akasaka H, Fujimoto T, Kurinami H, et al. The usefulness of an alternative diagnostic method for sarcopenia using thickness and echo intensity of lower leg muscles in older males. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20: 1185.e1-e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.152IsakaMSugimotoKYasunobeYAkasakaHFujimotoTKurinamiHThe usefulness of an alternative diagnostic method for sarcopenia using thickness and echo intensity of lower leg muscles in older males. J Am Med Dir Assoc2019; 20: 1185.e1-e8. 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.152Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yamada M, Kimura Y, Ishiyama D, Nishio N, Abe Y, Kakehi T, et al. Differential characteristics of skeletal muscle in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18: 807.e9-e16. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.011YamadaMKimuraYIshiyamaDNishioNAbeYKakehiTDifferential characteristics of skeletal muscle in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc2017; 18: 807.e9-e16. 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yoshida T, Kumon Y, Takamatsu N, Nozaki T, Inoue M, Nodera H, et al. Ultrasound assessment of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 32: 728-35. doi: 10.1093/mr/roab049YoshidaTKumonYTakamatsuNNozakiTInoueMNoderaHUltrasound assessment of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol2022; 32: 728-35. 10.1093/mr/roab049Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Strasser EM, Draskovits T, Praschak M, Quittan M, Graf A. Association between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echogenicity and skeletal muscle strength in the elderly. Age (Dordr) 2013; 35: 2377-88. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9517-zStrasserEMDraskovitsTPraschakMQuittanMGrafA.Association between ultrasound measurements of muscle thickness, pennation angle, echogenicity and skeletal muscle strength in the elderly. Age (Dordr)2013; 35: 2377-88. 10.1007/s11357-013-9517-zOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Burton AM, Stock MS. Consistency of novel ultrasound equations for estimating percent intramuscular fat. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018; 38: 1062-66. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12532BurtonAMStockMS.Consistency of novel ultrasound equations for estimating percent intramuscular fat. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2018; 38: 1062-66. 10.1111/cpf.12532Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Valera-Calero JA, Arias-Buría JL, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cleland JA, Gallego-Sendarrubias GM, Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola E. Echo-intensity and fatty infiltration ultrasound imaging measurement of cervical multifidus and short rotators in healthy people: a reliability study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2021; 53: 102335. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102335Valera-CaleroJAArias-BuríaJLFernández-de-las-PeñasCClelandJAGallego-SendarrubiasGMCimadevilla-Fernández-PolaE.Echo-intensity and fatty infiltration ultrasound imaging measurement of cervical multifidus and short rotators in healthy people: a reliability study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract2021; 53: 102335. 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102335Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mongold SJ, Georgiev C, Naeije G, Vander Ghinst M, Stock MS, Bourguignon M. Age-related changes in ultrasound-assessed muscle composition and postural stability. Sci Rep 2024; 14: 18688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69374-8MongoldSJGeorgievCNaeijeGVander GhinstMStockMSBourguignonM.Age-related changes in ultrasound-assessed muscle composition and postural stability. Sci Rep2024; 14: 18688. 10.1038/s41598-024-69374-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fukumoto Y, Taniguchi M, Hirono T, Yagi M, Yamagata M, Nakai R, et al. Influence of ultrasound focus depth on the association between echo intensity and intramuscular adipose tissue. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66: 568-75. doi: 10.1002/mus.27677FukumotoYTaniguchiMHironoTYagiMYamagataMNakaiRInfluence of ultrasound focus depth on the association between echo intensity and intramuscular adipose tissue. Muscle Nerve2022; 66: 568-75. 10.1002/mus.27677Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Girts RM, Harmon KK, Pagan JI, Alberto A, Hernandez MG, Stock MS. The influence of ultrasound image depth and gain on skeletal muscle echo intensity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47: 839-46. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0810GirtsRMHarmonKKPaganJIAlbertoAHernandezMGStockMS.The influence of ultrasound image depth and gain on skeletal muscle echo intensity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab2022; 47: 839-46. 10.1139/apnm-2021-0810Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Paris MT, Bell KE, Avrutin E, Mourtzakis M. Ultrasound image resolution influences analysis of skeletal muscle composition. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 40: 277-283. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12636ParisMTBellKEAvrutinEMourtzakisM.Ultrasound image resolution influences analysis of skeletal muscle composition. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2020; 40: 277-283. 10.1111/cpf.12636Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Scafoglieri A, Van den Broeck J, Bartocci P, Cattrysse E, Jager-Wittenaar H, Gonzalez MC. Skeletal muscle echo intensity values differ significantly across ultrasound parameter settings. Life (Basel) 2024; 14: 291. doi: 10.3390/life14030291ScafoglieriAVan den BroeckJBartocciPCattrysseEJager-WittenaarHGonzalezMC.Skeletal muscle echo intensity values differ significantly across ultrasound parameter settings. Life (Basel)2024; 14: 291. 10.3390/life14030291Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Young H, Jenkins NT, Zhao Q, Mccully KK. Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52: 963-71. doi: 10.1002/mus.24656YoungHJenkinsNTZhaoQMccullyKK.Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity. Muscle Nerve2015; 52: 963-71. 10.1002/mus.24656Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Blue MNM, Smith-Ryan AE, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR. The effects of high intensity interval training on muscle size and quality in overweight and obese adults. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21: 207-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.001BlueMNMSmith-RyanAETrexlerETHirschKR.The effects of high intensity interval training on muscle size and quality in overweight and obese adults. J Sci Med Sport2018; 21: 207-12. 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.06.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stock MS, Oranchuk DJ, Burton AM, Phan DC. Age-, sex-, and regionspecific differences in skeletal muscle size and quality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45: 1253-60. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0114StockMSOranchukDJBurtonAMPhanDC.Age-, sex-, and regionspecific differences in skeletal muscle size and quality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab2020; 45: 1253-60. 10.1139/apnm-2020-0114Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Neto Müller J, Lanferdini FJ, Passos Karam JY, de Brito Fontana H. Examination of the confounding effect of subcutaneous fat on muscle echo intensity utilizing exogenous fat. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46: 473-8. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0413Neto MüllerJLanferdiniFJPassos KaramJYde Brito FontanaH.Examination of the confounding effect of subcutaneous fat on muscle echo intensity utilizing exogenous fat. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab2021; 46: 473-8. 10.1139/apnm-2020-0413Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Palmer TB, Farrow AC. Correcting for subcutaneous fat: does it improve the correlation between vastus lateralis echo intensity and physical performance in older women? Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 42: 372-9. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12778PalmerTBFarrowAC.Correcting for subcutaneous fat: does it improve the correlation between vastus lateralis echo intensity and physical performance in older women?Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2022; 42: 372-9. 10.1111/cpf.12778Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Paris MT, Mourtzakis M. Muscle composition analysis of ultrasound images: a narrative review of texture analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47: 880-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.012ParisMTMourtzakisM.Muscle composition analysis of ultrasound images: a narrative review of texture analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol2021; 47: 880-95. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Narici MV, Maganaris CN, Reeves ND, Capodaglio P. Effect of aging on human muscle architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95: 2229-34. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003NariciMVMaganarisCNReevesNDCapodaglioP.Effect of aging on human muscle architecture. J Appl Physiol (1985)2003; 95: 2229-34. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Selva Raj I, Bird SR, Shield AJ. Ultrasound measurements of skeletal muscle architecture are associated with strength and functional capacity in older adults. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43: 586-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmed-bio.2016.11.013Selva RajIBirdSRShieldAJ.Ultrasound measurements of skeletal muscle architecture are associated with strength and functional capacity in older adults. Ultrasound Med Biol2017; 43: 586-94. 10.1016/j.ultrasmed-bio.2016.11.013Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Randhawa A, Wakeling JM. Associations between muscle structure and contractile performance in seniors. Clin Biomech (Bristol) 2013; 28: 705-11. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.04.010RandhawaAWakelingJM.Associations between muscle structure and contractile performance in seniors. Clin Biomech (Bristol)2013; 28: 705-11. 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.04.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Narici M, Franchi M, Maganaris C. Muscle structural assembly and functional consequences. J Exp Biol 2016; 219: 276-84. doi: 10.1242/jeb.128017NariciMFranchiMMaganarisC.Muscle structural assembly and functional consequences. J Exp Biol2016; 219: 276-84. 10.1242/jeb.128017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Narici MV, Binzoni T, Hiltbrand E, Fasel J, Terrier F, Cerretelli P. In vivo human gastrocnemius architecture with changing joint angle at rest and during graded isometric contraction. J Physiol 1996; 496: 287-97. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021685NariciMVBinzoniTHiltbrandEFaselJTerrierFCerretelliP.In vivo human gastrocnemius architecture with changing joint angle at rest and during graded isometric contraction. J Physiol1996; 496: 287-97. 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021685Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ando R, Nosaka K, Inami T, Tomita A, Watanabe K, Blazevich AJ, et al. Difference in fascicle behaviors between superficial and deep quadriceps muscles during isometric contractions. Muscle Nerve 2016; 53: 797-802. doi: 10.1002/mus.24905AndoRNosakaKInamiTTomitaAWatanabeKBlazevichAJDifference in fascicle behaviors between superficial and deep quadriceps muscles during isometric contractions. Muscle Nerve2016; 53: 797-802. 10.1002/mus.24905Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ema R, Wakahara T, Mogi Y, Miyamoto N, Komatsu T, Kanehisa H, et al. In vivo measurement of human rectus femoris architecture by ultrasonography: validity and applicability. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2013; 33: 267-73. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12023EmaRWakaharaTMogiYMiyamotoNKomatsuTKanehisaHIn vivo measurement of human rectus femoris architecture by ultrasonography: validity and applicability. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging2013; 33: 267-73. 10.1111/cpf.12023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Infantolino BW, Challis JH. Short communication: pennation angle variability in human muscle. J Appl Biomech 2014; 30: 663-7. doi: 10.1123/jab.2013-0334InfantolinoBWChallisJH.Short communication: pennation angle variability in human muscle. J Appl Biomech2014; 30: 663-7. 10.1123/jab.2013-0334Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kruse NT, Hughes WE, Casey DP. Mechanistic insights into the modulatory role of the mechanoreflex on central hemodynamics using passive leg movement in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125: 545-52. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01085.2017KruseNTHughesWECaseyDP.Mechanistic insights into the modulatory role of the mechanoreflex on central hemodynamics using passive leg movement in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985)2018; 125: 545-52. 10.1152/japplphysiol.01085.2017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Zhou S. Intra-and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo. J Anat 2006; 209: 289-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.xBlazevichAJGillNDZhouS.Intra-and intermuscular variation in human quadriceps femoris architecture assessed in vivo. J Anat2006; 209: 289-310. 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00619.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kuyumcu ME, Halil M, Kara Ö, Çuni B, Çağlayan G, Güven S, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the calf muscle mass and architecture in elderly patients with and without sarcopenia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 65: 218-24. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.004KuyumcuMEHalilMKaraÖÇuniBÇağlayanGGüvenSUltrasonographic evaluation of the calf muscle mass and architecture in elderly patients with and without sarcopenia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr2016; 65: 218-24. 10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Narici M, McPhee J, Conte M, Franchi MV, Mitchell K, Tagliaferri S, et al. Age-related alterations in muscle architecture are a signature of sarcopenia: the ultrasound sarcopenia index. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12: 973-82. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12720NariciMMcPheeJConteMFranchiMVMitchellKTagliaferriSAge-related alterations in muscle architecture are a signature of sarcopenia: the ultrasound sarcopenia index. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2021; 12: 973-82. 10.1002/jcsm.12720Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Dunford EC, Au JS, Devries MC, Phillips SM, MacDonald MJ. Cardiovascular aging and the microcirculation of skeletal muscle: using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315: H1194-H1199. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2017DunfordECAuJSDevriesMCPhillipsSMMacDonaldMJ.Cardiovascular aging and the microcirculation of skeletal muscle: using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2018; 315: H1194-H1199. 10.1152/ajpheart.00737.2017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Morley JE, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology – update 2014. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2014; 5: 253-9. doi: 10.1007/s13539-014-0161-yMorleyJEAnkerSDvon HaehlingS.Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology – update 2014. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2014; 5: 253-9. 10.1007/s13539-014-0161-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Marzetti E, Calvani R, Cesari M, Buford TW, Lorenzi M, Behnke BJ, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45: 2288-301. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024MarzettiECalvaniRCesariMBufordTWLorenziMBehnkeBJMitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Int J Biochem Cell Biol2013; 45: 2288-301. 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mitchell WK, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Rankin D, Smith K, Lund JN, et al. Development of a new SonovueTM contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding. Physiol Rep 2013; 1: e00119. doi: 10.1002/phy2.119MitchellWKPhillipsBEWilliamsJPRankinDSmithKLundJNDevelopment of a new SonovueTM contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding. Physiol Rep2013; 1: e00119. 10.1002/phy2.119Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Drenth H, Zuidema S, Bunt S, Bautmans I, van der Schans C, Hobbelen H. The contribution of advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation to the decline in motor function. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2016; 13: 3. doi: 10.1186/s11556-016-0163-1DrenthHZuidemaSBuntSBautmansIvan der SchansCHobbelenH.The contribution of advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation to the decline in motor function. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act2016; 13: 3. 10.1186/s11556-016-0163-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wang JC, Wu WT, Chang KV, Chen LR, Chi SY, Kara M, et al. Ultrasound imaging for the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia: an umbrella review. Life (Basel) 2021; 12: 9. doi: 10.3390/life12010009WangJCWuWTChangKVChenLRChiSYKaraMUltrasound imaging for the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia: an umbrella review. Life (Basel)2021; 12: 9. 10.3390/life12010009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bastijns S, De Cock AM, Vandewoude M, Perkisas S. Usability and pitfalls of shear-wave elastography for evaluation of muscle quality and its potential in assessing sarcopenia: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46: 2891-2907. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.023BastijnsSDe CockAMVandewoudeMPerkisasS.Usability and pitfalls of shear-wave elastography for evaluation of muscle quality and its potential in assessing sarcopenia: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol2020; 46: 2891-2907. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Alfuraih AM, Tan AL, O’Connor P, Emery P, Wakefield RJ. The effect of ageing on shear wave elastography muscle stiffness in adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31: 1755-63. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01139-0AlfuraihAMTanALO’ConnorPEmeryPWakefieldRJ.The effect of ageing on shear wave elastography muscle stiffness in adults. Aging Clin Exp Res2019; 31: 1755-63. 10.1007/s40520-019-01139-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Akagi R, Yamashita Y, Ueyasu Y. Age-related differences in muscle shear moduli in the lower extremity. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015; 41: 2906-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.011AkagiRYamashitaYUeyasuY.Age-related differences in muscle shear moduli in the lower extremity. Ultrasound Med Biol2015; 41: 2906-12. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yoshida K, Itoigawa Y, Maruyama Y, Saita Y, Takazawa Y, Ikeda H, et al. Application of shear wave elastography for the gastrocnemius medial head to tennis leg. Clin Anat 2017; 30: 114-9. doi: 10.1002/ca.22788YoshidaKItoigawaYMaruyamaYSaitaYTakazawaYIkedaHApplication of shear wave elastography for the gastrocnemius medial head to tennis leg. Clin Anat2017; 30: 114-9. 10.1002/ca.22788Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Eby SF, Cloud BA, Brandenburg JE, Giambini H, Song P, Chen S, et al. Shear wave elastography of passive skeletal muscle stiffness: influences of sex and age throughout adulthood. Clin Biomech (Bristol) 2015; 30: 22-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.11.011EbySFCloudBABrandenburgJEGiambiniHSongPChenSShear wave elastography of passive skeletal muscle stiffness: influences of sex and age throughout adulthood. Clin Biomech (Bristol)2015; 30: 22-7. 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.11.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Janczyk EM, Champigny N, Michel E, Raffaelli C, Annweiler C, Zory R, et al. Sonoelastography to assess muscular stiffness among older adults and its use for the diagnosis of sarcopenia: a systematic review. Ultraschall Med 2021; 42: 634-42. doi: 10.1055/a-1293-8057JanczykEMChampignyNMichelERaffaelliCAnnweilerCZoryRSonoelastography to assess muscular stiffness among older adults and its use for the diagnosis of sarcopenia: a systematic review. Ultraschall Med2021; 42: 634-42. 10.1055/a-1293-8057Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Reeves ND, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. In vivo human muscle structure and function: adaptations to resistance training in old age. Exp Physiol 2004; 89: 675-89. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2004.027797ReevesNDNariciMVMaganarisCN.In vivo human muscle structure and function: adaptations to resistance training in old age. Exp Physiol2004; 89: 675-89. 10.1113/expphysiol.2004.027797Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lopez P, Pinto MD, Pinto RS. Does rest time before ultrasonography imaging affect quadriceps femoris muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements? Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45: 612-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.010LopezPPintoMDPintoRS.Does rest time before ultrasonography imaging affect quadriceps femoris muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements?Ultrasound Med Biol2019; 45: 612-6. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hacker ED, Peters T, Garkova M. Ultrasound assessment of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area. West J Nurs Res 2016; 38: 1221-30. doi: 10.1177/0193945916644751HackerEDPetersTGarkovaM.Ultrasound assessment of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area. West J Nurs Res2016; 38: 1221-30. 10.1177/0193945916644751Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP, Ogawa M, Mitsukawa N. Association between forearm muscle thickness and age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, handgrip and knee extension strength and walking performance in old men and women: a pilot study. Ultrasound Med Biol 2014; 40: 2069-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.05.003AbeTThiebaudRSLoennekeJPOgawaMMitsukawaN.Association between forearm muscle thickness and age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, handgrip and knee extension strength and walking performance in old men and women: a pilot study. Ultrasound Med Biol2014; 40: 2069-75. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.05.003Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Counts BR, Barnett BE, Dankel SJ, Lee K, Loenneke JP. Associations between handgrip strength and ultrasound-measured muscle thickness of the hand and forearm in young men and women. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015; 41: 2125-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.004AbeTCountsBRBarnettBEDankelSJLeeKLoennekeJP.Associations between handgrip strength and ultrasound-measured muscle thickness of the hand and forearm in young men and women. Ultrasound Med Biol2015; 41: 2125-30. 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Rech A, Radaelli R, Goltz FR, da Rosa LHT, Schneider CD, Pinto RS. Echo intensity is negatively associated with functional capacity in older women. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36: 9708. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9708-2RechARadaelliRGoltzFRda RosaLHTSchneiderCDPintoRS.Echo intensity is negatively associated with functional capacity in older women. Age (Dordr)2014; 36: 9708. 10.1007/s11357-014-9708-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ismail C, Zabal J, Hernandez HJ, Woletz P, Manning H, Teixeira C, et al. Diagnostic ultrasound estimates of muscle mass and muscle quality discriminate between women with and without sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2015; 6: 302. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00302IsmailCZabalJHernandezHJWoletzPManningHTeixeiraCDiagnostic ultrasound estimates of muscle mass and muscle quality discriminate between women with and without sarcopenia. Front Physiol2015; 6: 302. 10.3389/fphys.2015.00302Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Fukumoto Y, Ikezoe T, Yamada Y, Tsukagoshi R, Nakamura M, Mori N, et al. Skeletal muscle quality assessed from echo intensity is associated with muscle strength of middle-aged and elderly persons. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 1519-25. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-2099-5FukumotoYIkezoeTYamadaYTsukagoshiRNakamuraMMoriNSkeletal muscle quality assessed from echo intensity is associated with muscle strength of middle-aged and elderly persons. Eur J Appl Physiol2012; 112: 1519-25. 10.1007/s00421-011-2099-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Watanabe Y, Yamada Y, Fukumoto Y, Ishihara T, Yokoyama K, Yoshida T, et al. Echo intensity obtained from ultrasonography images reflecting muscle strength in elderly men. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8: 993-8. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S47263WatanabeYYamadaYFukumotoYIshiharaTYokoyamaKYoshidaTEcho intensity obtained from ultrasonography images reflecting muscle strength in elderly men. Clin Interv Aging2013; 8: 993-8. 10.2147/CIA.S47263Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wilhelm EN, Rech A, Minozzo F, Radaelli R, Botton CE, Pinto RS. Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36: 9625. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9625-4WilhelmENRechAMinozzoFRadaelliRBottonCEPintoRS.Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men. Age (Dordr)2014; 36: 9625. 10.1007/s11357-014-9625-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hirasawa Y, Matsuki R, Tanina H. Relationship between echo intensity of vastus lateralis and knee extension strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phys Ther Res 2022; 25: 113-9. doi: 10.1298/ptr.E10172HirasawaYMatsukiRTaninaH.Relationship between echo intensity of vastus lateralis and knee extension strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phys Ther Res2022; 25: 113-9. 10.1298/ptr.E10172Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abe T, Ogawa M, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Loftin M, Mitsukawa N. Relationship between site-specific loss of thigh muscle and gait performance in women: the HIREGASAKI study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55: e21-5. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.009AbeTOgawaMLoennekeJPThiebaudRSLoftinMMitsukawaN.Relationship between site-specific loss of thigh muscle and gait performance in women: the HIREGASAKI study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr2012; 55: e21-5. 10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.009Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Madden KM, Feldman B, Arishenkoff S, Meneilly GS. A rapid point-of-care ultrasound marker for muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults. Age Ageing 2021; 50: 505-10. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa163MaddenKMFeldmanBArishenkoffSMeneillyGS.A rapid point-of-care ultrasound marker for muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults. Age Ageing2021; 50: 505-10. 10.1093/ageing/afaa163Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mateos-Angulo A, Galán-Mercant A, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Muscle thickness and echo intensity by ultrasonography and cognitive and physical dimensions in older adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11: 1471. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11081471Mateos-AnguloAGalán-MercantACuesta-VargasAI.Muscle thickness and echo intensity by ultrasonography and cognitive and physical dimensions in older adults. Diagnostics (Basel)2021; 11: 1471. 10.3390/diagnostics11081471Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Osawa Y, Arai Y, Oguma Y, Hirata T, Abe Y, Azuma K, et al. Relationships of muscle echo intensity with walking ability and physical activity in the very old population. J Aging Phys Act 2017; 25: 189-95. doi: 10.1123/japa.2015-0203OsawaYAraiYOgumaYHirataTAbeYAzumaKRelationships of muscle echo intensity with walking ability and physical activity in the very old population. J Aging Phys Act2017; 25: 189-95. 10.1123/japa.2015-0203Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kitagawa T, Nakamura M, Fukumoto Y. Usefulness of muscle echo intensity for evaluating functional performance in the older population: a scoping review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182: 112301. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112301KitagawaTNakamuraMFukumotoY.Usefulness of muscle echo intensity for evaluating functional performance in the older population: a scoping review. Exp Gerontol2023; 182: 112301. 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112301Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yuan H, Kim MK. Exploring the relationship between ultrasound parameters and muscle strength in older adults: a meta-analysis of sarcopeniarelated exercise performance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11: 1429530 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1429530YuanHKimMK.Exploring the relationship between ultrasound parameters and muscle strength in older adults: a meta-analysis of sarcopeniarelated exercise performance. Front Med (Lausanne)2024; 11: 142953010.3389/fmed.2024.1429530Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Oranchuk DJ, Bodkin SG, Boncella KL, Harris-Love MO. Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Sport Health Sci 2024; 13: 820-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.005OranchukDJBodkinSGBoncellaKLHarris-LoveMO.Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Sport Health Sci2024; 13: 820-40. 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stock MS, Thompson BJ. Echo intensity as an indicator of skeletal muscle quality: applications, methodology, and future directions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121: 369-80. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04556-6StockMSThompsonBJ.Echo intensity as an indicator of skeletal muscle quality: applications, methodology, and future directions. Eur J Appl Physiol2021; 121: 369-80. 10.1007/s00421-020-04556-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Welch C, Greig CA, Hassan-Smith ZK, Pinkney TD, Lord JM, Jackson TA. A pilot observational study measuring acute sarcopenia in older colorectal surgery patients. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12: 24. doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4049-yWelchCGreigCAHassan-SmithZKPinkneyTDLordJMJacksonTA.A pilot observational study measuring acute sarcopenia in older colorectal surgery patients. BMC Res Notes2019; 12: 24. 10.1186/s13104-019-4049-yOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar