<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Background</h3>
<p>Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive modality for cancer treatment that utilizes a specific sinusoidal electric field ranging from 100 kHz to 300 kHz, with an intensity of 1 V/cm to 3 V/cm. Its purpose is to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce cell death. Despite promising outcomes from clinical trials, TTFields have received FDA approval for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Nevertheless, global acceptance of TTFields remains limited. To enhance its clinical application in other types of cancer and gain a better understanding of its mechanisms of action, this review aims to summarize the current research status by examining existing literature on TTFields’ clinical trials and mechanism studies.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>Through this comprehensive review, we seek to stimulate novel ideas and provide physicians, patients, and researchers with a better comprehension of the development of TTFields and its potential applications in cancer treatment.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Background
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive modality for cancer treatment that utilizes a specific sinusoidal electric field ranging from 100 kHz to 300 kHz, with an intensity of 1 V/cm to 3 V/cm. Its purpose is to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce cell death. Despite promising outcomes from clinical trials, TTFields have received FDA approval for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Nevertheless, global acceptance of TTFields remains limited. To enhance its clinical application in other types of cancer and gain a better understanding of its mechanisms of action, this review aims to summarize the current research status by examining existing literature on TTFields’ clinical trials and mechanism studies.

Conclusions
Through this comprehensive review, we seek to stimulate novel ideas and provide physicians, patients, and researchers with a better comprehension of the development of TTFields and its potential applications in cancer treatment.

A review of tumor treating fields (TTFields): advancements in clinical applications and mechanistic insights

Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Radiology and Oncology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Background
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive modality for cancer treatment that utilizes a specific sinusoidal electric field ranging from 100...

A review of tumor treating fields (TTFields): advancements in clinical applications and mechanistic insights

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Sep 04, 2023

Page range: 279 - 291

Received: Jul 20, 2023

Accepted: Aug 04, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2023-0044

Keywords
tumor treating fields, clinical applications of TTFields, mechanisms of action of TTFields

© 2023 Xing Li et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 5.

A review of tumor treating fields (TTFields): advancements in clinical applications and mechanistic insights

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Sep 04, 2023

Page range: 279 - 291

Received: Jul 20, 2023

Accepted: Aug 04, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2023-0044

Keywordstumor treating fields, clinical applications of TTFields, mechanisms of action of TTFields

© 2023 Xing Li et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 5.

Keywords
tumor treating fields, clinical applications of TTFields, mechanisms of action of TTFields