Imaging sequence | Technical parameters |
---|---|
Axial plane and a minimum of one additional | |
orthogonal plane (either sagittal or coronal) Straight axial plane to the patient or to the long axis of | |
the prostate | |
FOV: 12-20 cm to image the entire prostate gland and | |
seminal vesicles | |
Section thickens/gap: 3 mm/0 mm | |
In-plane resolution: ≤0.7 mm (phase) x ≤0.4 mm (frequency) | |
Axial plane (same locations as for T2WI) | |
Free-breathing spin echo EPI sequence combined with spectral fat saturation is recommended | |
Section thickness/gap: 3 mm/0 mm | |
TE: ≤90 ms; TR: >3000 ms | |
FOV: 16-22 cm | |
In plane dimension: ≤2.5 mm phase and frequency | |
ADC map calculation: low b-value should be set at 0 – 100 s/mm2, high b-value should be <1000 s/mm2 | |
“High b-value”: b-value of ≥ 1400 sec/mm2; it can be acquired by scanning or calculated | |
Axial plane (same locations as for T2WI) | |
Fat suppression and/or subtraction is recommended | |
2D or 3D T1 GRE sequence (preferred) | |
Section thickness/gap: 3 mm/0 mm | |
Injection rate: 2-3 ml/s | |
TR/TE: <100 ms/ <5 ms | |
In-plane dimension: ≤2mm X ≤2mm | |
Temporal resolution: ≤15 s | |
Total observation: >2min |
Category | Definition |
---|---|
Tx | Primary tumour cannot be assessed (e.g. CT study, severe artefacts on MRI) |
T1a–T1b | Tumour incidental histologic finding |
T1c | Tumour identified by needle biopsy but not visible by imaging |
T2 | Organ confined disease |
T2a | The tumour involves up to one half of 1 side of the prostate |
T2b | The tumour involves more than one half of 1 side of the prostate |
T2c | The tumour involves both sides of the prostate |
T3 | Extraprostatic extension |
T3a | Extraprostatic extension (unilateral or bilateral) or microscopic invasion of the bladder neck |
T3b | Tumour invades seminal vesicle(s) |
T4 | Tumour invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles, such as external sphincter, rectum, bladder, levator muscles, and/or pelvic wall |
Nx | Regional lymph nodes were not assessed |
N0 | No positive regional lymph nodes |
N1 | Metastases in regional lymph node(s) |
Mx | M staging not assessed (e.g. MRI with pelvic only coverage) |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
M1 | Distant metastasis |
M1a | Nonregional lymph node(s) |
M1b | Bones |
M1c | Other site(s) with or without bone disease |
Capsular abutment |
Capsular irregularity, spiculation or retraction |
Neurovascular bundle asymmetry or thickening |
Obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle |
Tumour-capsular contact > 10 mm |
Bulge or loss of capsule |
Measurable extracapsular disease |