<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_raon-2019-0014_s_006_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c18b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive myeloid cells. The purpose of the study was to identify clinical and imaging features in a large patient sample.</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2019-0014_s_007_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c18b2Aa"><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Overall, 71 cases (34 females (47.9%) and 37 males (52.1%) with a median age of 56 (± 16 years) of histopathologically confirmed myeloid sarcoma were included into this study. The underlying hematological disease, occurrence, localizations and clinical symptoms as well as imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2019-0014_s_008_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c18b3Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>In 4 cases (5.63%) the manifestation of MS preceded the systemic hematological disease by a mean value of 3.8 ± 2.1 months. In 13 cases, first presentation of MS occurred simultaneously with the initial diagnosis of leukemia, and 51 patients presented MS after the initial diagnosis of the underlying malignancy with a mean latency of 39.8 ± 44.9 SD months. The visceral soft tissue was affected in 26 cases, followed by the cutis/subcutis was affected in 21 cases. Further localizations were bones (n = 13), central nervous system (n = 9), lymph nodes (n = 4) and visceral organs (n = 9).</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2019-0014_s_009_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1aab1c18b4Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MS is a rare complication of several hematological malignancies, predominantly of acute myeloid leukemia, which can affect any part of the body. In most cases it occurs after the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, and affects frequently the cutis and subcutis.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundMyeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive myeloid cells. The purpose of the study was to identify clinical and imaging features in a large patient sample.Patients and methodsOverall, 71 cases (34 females (47.9%) and 37 males (52.1%) with a median age of 56 (± 16 years) of histopathologically confirmed myeloid sarcoma were included into this study. The underlying hematological disease, occurrence, localizations and clinical symptoms as well as imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated.ResultsIn 4 cases (5.63%) the manifestation of MS preceded the systemic hematological disease by a mean value of 3.8 ± 2.1 months. In 13 cases, first presentation of MS occurred simultaneously with the initial diagnosis of leukemia, and 51 patients presented MS after the initial diagnosis of the underlying malignancy with a mean latency of 39.8 ± 44.9 SD months. The visceral soft tissue was affected in 26 cases, followed by the cutis/subcutis was affected in 21 cases. Further localizations were bones (n = 13), central nervous system (n = 9), lymph nodes (n = 4) and visceral organs (n = 9).ConclusionsMS is a rare complication of several hematological malignancies, predominantly of acute myeloid leukemia, which can affect any part of the body. In most cases it occurs after the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, and affects frequently the cutis and subcutis.

Radiological and clinical patterns of myeloid sarcoma

Radiology and Oncology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Radiological and clinical patterns of myeloid sarcoma"}

BackgroundMyeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive...

Region	N	%
Visceral soft tissue	26	29.9
Cutis	21	24.1
Bones	13	14.9
Central nervous system	9	10.3
Lymph nodes	4	4.6
Stomach	3	3.4
Pancreas	3	3.4
Heart	2	2.3
Enteric	2	2.3
Testis	1	1.2
Breast	1	1.2
Bladder	1	1.2
Kidney	1	1.2
All	87	100

Radiological and clinical patterns of myeloid sarcoma

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Mar 14, 2019

Page range: 213 - 218

Received: Oct 18, 2018

Accepted: Feb 17, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2019-0014

© 2019 Hans-Jonas Meyer, Maximilian Beimler, Gudrun Borte, Wolfram Pönisch, Alexey Surov, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

The affected body regions of the patients