Study to Develop a Co-Relationship between Water Quality and Land use Pattern as Index of Riverine Wetland with Statistical Approach

Water Quality Index (WQI) of the present wetland is built up from different Physiochemical parameters in various seasons. Water Quality Index of the present examination for AmdaBeel was figured from vital different physiochemical parameters with a specific end goal to assess the appropriateness of water for different purposes. The figured WQI gives a simple method for understanding the general water quality and water administration. WQI has been ascertained through two water quality file, in particular the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) water quality rule and Weighted number-crunching water quality record method (Horton, 1965). In this investigation, the WQI has been ascertained by utilizing the gauges of drinking water quality prescribed by CPCB.

The water quality for the Amdabeel has been assessed with the CCME Method. Total nine physicochemical parameters of Amdabeel for calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) and for the seasons pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon are presented in Table 1 and 2. The WQI of the Amdabeel is established from important various physicochemical parameters, namely: pH, turbidity, TDS, NO₃- (nitrate), SO₄-(sulphate), total hardness (TH), total coliform (TC), DO and BOD in different season (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post- monsoon).

The weighted average is used for the determination of WQI of the water body. Further water quality sub index is calculated based on number reflecting the relative value in the polluted water, observed value and standard permissible value of the defined parameter. Next unit weight is estimated by a value inversely proportional to the recommended standard value of the corresponding parameter. The overall WQI is calculated by aggregating the quality rating with the unit weight with a proportionality constant. WQI=100−F12+F22+F321.732{\rm{WQI}} = 100 - {{\sqrt {F1^2 + F2^2 + F3^2 } } \over {1.732}}

Factors of CCME WQI: –

F1 (Scope): F1=(Number of failed variables/Total number of variables)*100,

The calculation of the WQI used weighted arithmetic water quality index, which was originally proposed by (Horton 1965) and developed by (Brown et al. 1972). The weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQIA) is in the following equation: WQIA=ΣQiWiΣ/ΣWi.WQIA = \Sigma QiWi\Sigma /\Sigma Wi.

The quality rating scale (Qi) for each parameter is calculated by using this expression: Qi=100[(Vi−VoSi−Vo)],Qi = 100[(Vi - {{Vo} \over {Si}} - Vo)], where: –

Vi is estimated concentration of its parameter in the analysed water,

The unit weight (WI) for each water quality parameter is calculated by using the following formula: Wi=KSiWi = {K \over {Si}} where: K = proportionality constant and can also be calculated by using the following equation: K=1Σ(1/Si).K = {1 \over {\Sigma (1/Si).}}

This value (115.96) falls within >100 of the classification of water quality based on weighted arithmetic WQI method as given in Table 1. Proper water treatment with disinfection may be an alternative water source for the area where groundwater is contaminated with arsenic, iron and other metals. However, this WQI result reflected that it can be used for irrigation as well as other domestic purpose with short term measures. A long term measures with proper management may provide better water quality of the beel.

Wetlands provide an abundance of valuable function and services including biogeochemical hydrological and commercial production. The estimation of a wetland lies in the advantages that it gives to the earth or to individuals, something that is not effortlessly measured. The main occupation of the residents beside this area is fishing. But the environmental condition shows that problem of weeds increases day by day. The chart also shows the main problem related to this wetland for perception analysis (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2

The ideal number of inspecting stations in three distinct seasons is out to analyse the required water quality parameters with the additionally financial review is completed to a built-up land use pattern to be a piece of a few pointers identified with issues of ecological debasement.

NDVI and WQI are assessed utilizing standard programming and built up the equation. The examination comes about showing that NDVI with WQI has been given a decent consent to look at the issue of natural corruption on the financial state of partners. These discoveries additionally demonstrate that pisciculture action has the lead part to elevate the financial condition with the assistance of analysis of variance (ANOVA) ascertained by MINITAB programming. To investigate the weed issue NDVI is utilized. The NDVI esteem extends from 0–1 and which is isolated into 4 classes. Among which the reasonable water is separated by the volume of 0.0, the respectably turbid (having the convergence of oceanic vegetation) the water is outlined by the volume of −0.36 and as its tending towards 1 the vegetative substance is getting higher. In Images, healthy value proves near least vegetation and the other way around in a lower esteem (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3

From the images of 2009, it demonstrated that in the cenral part of the beel, found a tremendous centralization of weeds. But in the year 2011 extensive measure of siltation and weed fixation discovered everywhere throughout the 80% of the bill. After the digging (source: individuals’ discernment), in the year 2011, the bigger weed fixation found in the northern part. But the occupants other than the beel endeavour to exhume it for their work. In the present day, the weed fixation essentially found in the northern part (the year 2013) which gagged the canalized stream of river churn. But in the centre, weed focus is substantially higher (Table 1).

Aquatic weeds routinely decrease the ampleness of water bodies for the fish generation. Weeds can adopt colossal measures of the supplements from the water, diminishing their availability for planktonic green development. They may in like manner achieve a diminishment in oxygen levels and present vaporous exchange with water, realizing a disagreeable fish’s age. The best weed progression may likewise give ensuring the spread with water to little fish change. It would moreover intrude with fish gathering. Albeit extreme weed, the blast may likewise offer protecting spread with water for less fish development. It could likewise mediate with angle collecting. Inside the connection between the consequence of WQI of the beel and plants develops are in an absolutely positive. WQI demonstrates the water, wellbeing condition is exceptionally horrendous. Amid rainstorm, agrarian washes out of the encompassing beel district mixing into beel water. Because of this vegetation in front of the beel district developing each day.

AmdaBeel is most extreme utilized by fishermen for pisciculture through The Dakshin Bishnupur Fishermen’s Co-agent Society Ltd. A nearby overview shows that in excess of 200 fishing families are relying upon it for their business. Along these lines, AmdaBeel assumes an essential part in pisciculture. As indicated by respondent, some creating advances have been taken by Govt. FFDA has been endorsed Rs.25 crore for the creating reasons for the beel for the benefit of neighbourhood individuals with respect to pisciculture like making a house for the general public, a network corridor. The general public utilized it to tackle the issue of siltation through digging. As the positive outcome is in the season of summer least level of water is the accessibility and negative aftereffect of its creation of random (rani fish) fish is diminished. AmdaBeel likewise assumes an imperative part to bathe and washing purposes. Individuals who live close to the wetland zone, they utilize it. There is no Stair for showering and washing purposes and it is a noteworthy issue of neighbourhood individuals. It is additionally utilized for an irrigational reason. The cultivated land close to AmdaBeel is utilized for the irrigation. Paddy and some occasional products are developed here. The water of the wetland is utilized by neighbourhood individuals for their cooking reason moreover. As indicated by them, this water is free from the iron and appropriate for cooking. It is additionally utilized for the purpose of recreation, especially for picnic purpose. Another circuitous capacity of wetland is impacting the micro climate of the neighbourhood.

At present more than 495 (one member from Govt. 4 female members and the rest of them are male, 493 members belong to the category of Hindu s.c and 1 is belonging to Muslim) members are under the society. More than 200 fisherman families are depending on it for their livelihood.

Subsequent to finishing the family unit study of current 100 families, it is demonstrating the present status of the livelihood condition of the study area. Basically, colossal sum, respondents falls under the classification of underneath class 4 in education criteria. The majority of the general population picks pisciculture or fisheries for their work. Mostly the income extends lying in direct section (2000–4000). Education overviews demonstrated that, the majority of the general population in the unskilled condition.

So, it is proved that whether below in literacy and educational level and availability of a nearby water body, they choose fisheries as their job from inheritance. The wild type of fish species comes into wetland during a flood (during the monsoon). Those fishes are sold in local markets. Twice in a year major catching practiced has been done here and sold in local markets of Ranaghat. The society buys fishes through the tender drop. Different type of Govt. Help is sponsored here for further development of the wetland as well as the purpose pisciculture. FFDA has been sanctioned Rs.25 crore for the developing purpose of the beel for the advantage of local people regarding pisiculture like making a house for the society, a community hall. The society used it to solve the problem of siltation by dredging.

Maximum fish was produced in the year of 2012–13 that was 29,413 kg. Average fish production of the Beel is the 19,600 kg a⁻¹. A year like 2013–14, fish production were less than average and the rest of the year represents more production of fish than average production. According to local people, the major causes of decreasing fish production are the problem of the flood, contamination of water and another major cause is dredging of the wetland (Rani fish). Maximum sale amount of Indian major carp (IMC) has been found in the year of 2012–2013 with Rs 20,000,105 and 2003–2004 was the year the sale amount is minimum with Rs 2,000,678. The average sale amount of fish is Rs 12,000,500. A maximum number of miscellaneous fishes sale here over the year. The value of income and production plotted in one way ANOVA in MINITAB software formation (Fig. 5).

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

So, one of the main discussion parts of the study is a dependency variance on the production of fish and income from selling it out. In this situation, ANOVA one way change is used. The restricted investigation of change ANOVA is utilized to figure out if there are any noteworthy contrasts between the method for at least two autonomous (irrelevant) bunches. This guide will give a brief prologue to the restricted ANOVA, including the suppositions of the test and when you ought to utilize this test. The restricted ANOVA thinks about the methods between the gatherings you are keen on and figures out if any of those methods are altogether not quite the same as each other. In particular, it tests the invalid theory: H0:μ1=μ2=μ3=…=μkH_0 :\mu _1 = \mu _2 = \mu _3 = \ldots = \mu _k where μ = group mean and k = number of groups.

Assuming, notwithstanding, the restricted ANOVA gives back a noteworthy result, which acknowledges the option theory (HA), and is that there is no less than 2 gather implies that are fundamentally not quite the same as each other. Now, understand that the restricted ANOVA is an omnibus test, measurement and can’t let you know which particular gatherings were essentially not quite the same as each other just that no less than two gatherings were.

In this way, the after effect of ANOVA demonstrates that the registered estimation of F is 2.732 is significantly higher than the basic estimations of F at 0.05 level of centrality, which is 0.197 (Fig. 7). Hence, it ought to be taken as very huge. Thusly, the hypothesis is rejected. This esteem demonstrated that the proportion of the difference is factually immaterial. As it is a microscale examine, the connection shifted around there based on subordinate variable generation. As the generation builds the wage of respondents additionally as well. Therefore, it is discovered that the aggregate financial structure to rely upon the fishery type of production around there.

Fig. 6

Fig. 7