<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The emergence of virtual sports shows promises in encouraging participation among those who may be constrained from participating in traditional recreational sports (Choi et al., 2019). To maximize virtual sports’ potential in increasing sports participation, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between constraints, negotiation, negotiation-efficacy, and participation. Results from virtual golf participants found that, as predicted, (a) constraints had a negative direct influence on participation, (b) negotiation-efficacy had a negative direct influence on constraints, (c) negotiation-efficacy had a positive direct influence on negotiation, and negotiation had a positively direct influence on participation. The findings of this study indicated that reduced constraints did not result in increasing virtual golf consumers’ participation because negotiation did not play a significant role in their decision to participate. Thus, the current study provides a comprehensive understanding of interrelationships among leisure participation, constraints, and negotiation, particularly extending to the context of virtual golf.</p></abstract>

The emergence of virtual sports shows promises in encouraging participation among those who may be constrained from participating in traditional recreational sports (Choi et al., 2019). To maximize virtual sports’ potential in increasing sports participation, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between constraints, negotiation, negotiation-efficacy, and participation. Results from virtual golf participants found that, as predicted, (a) constraints had a negative direct influence on participation, (b) negotiation-efficacy had a negative direct influence on constraints, (c) negotiation-efficacy had a positive direct influence on negotiation, and negotiation had a positively direct influence on participation. The findings of this study indicated that reduced constraints did not result in increasing virtual golf consumers’ participation because negotiation did not play a significant role in their decision to participate. Thus, the current study provides a comprehensive understanding of interrelationships among leisure participation, constraints, and negotiation, particularly extending to the context of virtual golf.

Virtual reality and consumer behavior: constraints, negotiation, negotiation-efficacy, and participation in virtual golf

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The emergence of virtual sports shows promises in encouraging participation among those who may be constrained from participating in traditional recreational...

Virtual reality and consumer behavior: constraints, negotiation, negotiation-efficacy, and participation in virtual golf

Published Online: Nov 05, 2020

Page range: 1 - 10

Received: May 10, 2019

Accepted: Nov 28, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0020

Keywords
golf, virtual reality, leisure, consumer behavior

© 2020 Chulhwan Choi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Virtual reality and consumer behavior: constraints, negotiation, negotiation-efficacy, and participation in virtual golf

Published Online: Nov 05, 2020

Page range: 1 - 10

Received: May 10, 2019

Accepted: Nov 28, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0020

Keywordsgolf, virtual reality, leisure, consumer behavior

© 2020 Chulhwan Choi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
golf, virtual reality, leisure, consumer behavior