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The Influence of Invasive Alien Plants on Umbrella Butterflies of the Genus Phengaris and Diversity of Heteroptera True Bugs

Konrad Kalarus
Konrad Kalarus
   | Mar 31, 2023
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Published Online: Mar 31, 2023
Page range: 26 - 36
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0003
Keywords
© 2023 Konrad Kalarus, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

The location of surveyed habitat patches where the abundance of Ph. nausithous and Ph. teleius populations was studied: (a) Location of patches in individual parts 1–4 of the Natura 2000 site “Łąki w Jaworznie” PLH240042; (b) Complex of patches JA - Jaworzno Górka; (c) Complex of patches JB - Łąki Ciężkowickie.
The location of surveyed habitat patches where the abundance of Ph. nausithous and Ph. teleius populations was studied: (a) Location of patches in individual parts 1–4 of the Natura 2000 site “Łąki w Jaworznie” PLH240042; (b) Complex of patches JA - Jaworzno Górka; (c) Complex of patches JB - Łąki Ciężkowickie.

Figure 2.

(a) The relationship between the relative density of butterflies and the coverage of invasive hawkweeds and (b) the ratio of coverage of invasive plants to the coverage of the butterflies’ host plant. Ph. teleius is marked in red, and Ph. nausithous is marked in blue. “Density” denotes relative butterfly density (abundance) expressed as number of individuals per one ha of area.
(a) The relationship between the relative density of butterflies and the coverage of invasive hawkweeds and (b) the ratio of coverage of invasive plants to the coverage of the butterflies’ host plant. Ph. teleius is marked in red, and Ph. nausithous is marked in blue. “Density” denotes relative butterfly density (abundance) expressed as number of individuals per one ha of area.

Figure 3.

The location of research sites in Krempna within cadastral parcels. Sites with invasive hogweed are marked in orange, while reference sites are marked in green. Points indicate the locations of transect sections.
The location of research sites in Krempna within cadastral parcels. Sites with invasive hogweed are marked in orange, while reference sites are marked in green. Points indicate the locations of transect sections.

Figure 4.

Mean number of species and mean number of individuals of Heteroptera bugs with a 95% confidence interval at reference sites and sites with invasive hogweed.
Mean number of species and mean number of individuals of Heteroptera bugs with a 95% confidence interval at reference sites and sites with invasive hogweed.

Population sizes with 95% confidence intervals of Ph. teleius butterfly in habitat patches within the Natura 2000 site “Łąki w Jaworznie” PLH240042 and its vicinity in the year 2022.

ID Patch area [ha] Sex N CI − CI + Density [ind*ha−1]
J1A 0.159 M 213 133 343 2547
F 192 113 326
J2A 0.057 M 114 61 212 3930
F 110 58 210
J3A 0.062 M 37 x x 1113
F 32 x x
J4A 0.109 M 130 82 206 1716
F 57 36 91
J5A 0.413 M 433 367 510 2019
F 401 336 479
J6A 0.072 M 84 64 110 2375
F 87 67 113
J1B 0.167 M 134 87 206 1473
F 112 67 188
J2B 0.204 M 20 13 29 328
F 47 33 66
J3B 0.274 M 135 64 282 942
F 123 56 267
J4B 0.315 M 8 x x 76
F 16 x x
J5B 0.815 M 137 91 206 285
F 95 63 143

Mean difference in Heteroptera bug species assemblages along 50m transect sections between reference sites and sites with invasive hogweed. Species with significantly different mean abundances are highlighted.

Species Reference sites Invaded sites Cumulative weight P-value
Leptopterna dolabrata (L., 1758) 22.1 6.8 0.22 0.153
Acetropis longirostris P., 1785 16.3 1.5 0.39 0.016
Stenotus binotatus (F., 1794) 5.0 2.7 0.48 0.85
Aelia acuminata (L., 1758) 3.1 0.6 0.54 0.04
Stenodema laevigata (L., 1758) 1.0 2.5 0.59 0.995
Adelphocoris lineolatus (G., 1788) 3.3 0.4 0.62 0.446
Megaloceroea recticornis (G., 1785) 0.8 0.9 0.65 0.931
Capsodes gothicus (L., 1758) 0.5 1.1 0.67 0.993
Notostira erratica (L., 1758) 0.9 1.0 0.69 0.861
Eysarcoris aeneus (S., 1763) 0.9 1.2 0.72 0.995
Nabis flavomarginatus S., 1847 2.8 0.1 0.74 0.045
Strongylocoris leucocephalus (L., 1758) 0.8 0.1 0.76 0.003
Adelphocoris seticornis (F., 1775) 0.9 0.2 0.77 0.024
Capsus ater (L., 1758) 0.0 0.8 0.78 0.992
Eurygaster maura (L., 1758) 0.9 0.0 0.80 0.002
Dolycoris baccarum (L., 1758) 0.4 0.5 0.81 0.994
Orthotylus flavosparsus (S., 1841) 0.1 0.4 0.82 0.965
Lygus pratensis (L., 1758) 0.1 0.5 0.83 0.996
Peribalus strictus (F., 1803) 0.0 0.5 0.84 0.955
Acteropis carinata (H-S., 1841) 0.4 0.2 0.85 0.608
Horistus orientalis (G., 1790) 0.3 0.5 0.86 0.994
Coptosoma scutellatum (G., 1785) 0.5 0.0 0.87 0.01
Nabis rugosus (L., 1758) 0.3 0.5 0.88 1
Closterotomus fulvomaculatus (De G., 1773) 0.0 0.4 0.89 0.989
Plagiognathus bipunctatus (R., 1883) 0.3 0.0 0.90 0.004
Polymerus nigrita (F., 1807) 0.1 0.3 0.91 0.979
Lygus rugulipennis P., 1911 0.1 0.2 0.91 0.945
Lygocoris pabulinus (L., 1761) 0.3 0.1 0.92 0.569
Coreus marginatus (L., 1758) 0.0 0.3 0.93 0.986
Heterocordylus genistae (S., 1763) 0.1 0.2 0.93 0.976
Rubiconia intermedia (W., 1811) 0.1 0.1 0.94 0.839
Notostira elongate (G., 1785) 0.3 0.0 0.94 0.01
Globiceps fulvicollis J., 1877 0.1 0.0 0.95 0.006
Picromerus bidens (L., 1758) 0.3 0.0 0.95 0.016
Carpocoris purpureipennis (De G., 1773) 0.1 0.0 0.95 0.006
Podops inunctus (F., 1775) 0.1 0.0 0.96 0.016
Adelphocoris reichelii (F., 1836) 0.1 0.0 0.96 0.016
Nabis limbatus D., 1851 0.1 0.0 0.96 0.016
Orthocephalus brevis (P., 1798) 0.0 0.2 0.97 0.988
Polymerus unifasciatus (F., 1794) 0.1 0.1 0.97 0.962
Rhopalus parumpunctatus S., 1829 0.1 0.0 0.97 0.01
Adelphocoris quadripunctatus (F., 1794) 0.1 0.0 0.97 0.018
Himacerus boops (S., 1870) 0.1 0.0 0.98 0.017
Apolygus spinolae (M-D., 1841) 0.0 0.1 0.98 0.978
Plagiognathus chrysanthemi (W., 1804) 0.0 0.1 0.98 0.978
Eurygaster testudinaria (G. 1785) 0.4 0.0 0.98 0.031
Lygus punctatus (Z., 1838) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.98
Apolygus lucorum (M-D., 1843) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.983
Carpocoris fuscispinus (B., 1850) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.988
Pinalitus cervinus (H-S., 1841) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.988
Stenodema calcarata (F., 1807) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.987
Phylus coryli (L., 1758) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.987
Orthops basalis (C., 1853) 0.0 0.1 0.99 0.987
Teratocoris antennatus (B., 1852) 0.0 0.1 1.00 0.987
Corizus hyoscyami (L., 1758) 0.0 0.1 1.00 0.991
Myrmus miriformis (F., 1807) 0.1 0.0 1.00 0.029
Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (L., 1758) 0.1 0.0 1.00 0.031
Palomena prasina (L., 1761) 0.1 0.0 1.00 0.031
Pentatoma rufipes (L., 1758) 0.1 0.0 1.00 0.031

Population sizes with 95% confidence intervals of Ph. nausithous butterfly in habitat patches within the Natura 2000 site “Łąki w Jaworznie” PLH240042 and its vicinity in the year 2022.

ID Patch area [ha] Sex N CI − CI + Density [ind*ha−1]
J1A 0.159 M 56 39 80 553
F 32 15 67
J2A 0.057 M 62 34 113 2193
F 63 35 114
J3A 0.062 M 24 12 45 871
F 30 18 51
J4A 0.109 M 31 19 51 532
F 27 15 48
J5A 0.413 M 208 119 363 918
F 171 84 348
J6A 0.072 M 41 33 50 1306
F 53 46 63
J1B 0.167 M 33 22 49 293
F 16 8 35
J2B 0.204 M 13 x x 123
F 12 x x
J3B 0.274 M 61 23 165 453
F 63 24 166
J4B 0.315 M 6 x x 35
F 5 x x
J5B 0.815 M 57 40 81 141
F 58 41 82
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