<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, <italic>Solea solea</italic> (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were <italic>L</italic>∞ = 33.7 cm, <italic>k</italic> = 0.48, and <italic>t</italic>0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.
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The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were L∞ = 33.7 cm, k = 0.48, and t0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, <italic>Solea solea</italic> (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole,  (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of...

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Article Category: Original research paper

Published Online: Dec 03, 2021

Page range: 398 - 410

Received: Apr 29, 2021

Accepted: Jul 02, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0034

Keywords
growth, mortality, reproductive biology, Sea of Marmara

© 2021 Abdullah Ekrem Kahraman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Article Category: Original research paper

Published Online: Dec 03, 2021

Page range: 398 - 410

Received: Apr 29, 2021

Accepted: Jul 02, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0034

Keywordsgrowth, mortality, reproductive biology, Sea of Marmara

© 2021 Abdullah Ekrem Kahraman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
growth, mortality, reproductive biology, Sea of Marmara