Open Access

Establishment and range expansion of non-native fish species facilitated by hot springs: the case study from the Upper Sakarya Basin (NW, Turkey)


Cite

Figure 1

Sampling locations in the Upper Sakarya Basin
Sampling locations in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Figure 2

Aquarium fish found in hot springs in Yenisofça (A – Xiphophorus sp., B – Bujurguina vittata, C – Poecilia cf. reticulate) by Sadi Aksu
Aquarium fish found in hot springs in Yenisofça (A – Xiphophorus sp., B – Bujurguina vittata, C – Poecilia cf. reticulate) by Sadi Aksu

Figure 3

Variation in physicochemical values in water samples collected from the Upper Sakarya Basin
Variation in physicochemical values in water samples collected from the Upper Sakarya Basin

Figure 4

Kernel density analysis generated for non-native species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin
Kernel density analysis generated for non-native species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin

Figure 5

Kernel density analysis generated for native endemic species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin
Kernel density analysis generated for native endemic species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin

Figure 6

Constrained ordination relating fish species data to predictor variables. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) of zero-adjusted Bray–Curtis dissimilarities calculated from presence/absence data vs minimum and maximum temperatures, identified as the best two variable model using the AICc selection criterion. Colors denote the sampling locations in the Sakarya River Basin. N – Normal, H – Hot springs
Constrained ordination relating fish species data to predictor variables. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) of zero-adjusted Bray–Curtis dissimilarities calculated from presence/absence data vs minimum and maximum temperatures, identified as the best two variable model using the AICc selection criterion. Colors denote the sampling locations in the Sakarya River Basin. N – Normal, H – Hot springs

Non-native species distribution in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Species Distribution Literature & Sampling (S)
Carassius auratus 3,5 S
Carassius gibelio 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 S
Gambusia holbrokii 7 S
Pseudorasbora parva 1,4,5,6,7 S
Poecilia cf. reticulata 2 S
Xiphophorus cf. maculatus 2 S
Oncoryhncus mykis 5 S
Pterygoplichthyes disjunctivus 3 S
Pterygoplichthyes pardalis 3 S
Clarias batrachus 2 S
Clarias gariepinus 5,6,7 S
Oreochromis niloticus 5,6,7 S
Bujurguina vittata 2 S
Pangasius sanitwongsei 4,8 (Yoğurtçuoğlu & Ekmekçi 2018)

Sampling locations in the Sakarya Basin

Location Typology Longitude Latitude
1 Altıntaş Stream 30.040537 39.151980
2 Yenisofça Spring 30.356515 39.627796
3 Sarısu Spring&Stream 30.128475 39.816556
4 Eskisehir Stream 30.485606 39.762885
5 Seydisuyu Stream 30.593632 39.357843
6 Sakaryabaşı Spring&Stream 31.059387 39.353635
7 Balıkdamı wetland Spring&Stream 31.617270 39.190264
8 Sarıyar Reservoir 31.666131 40.064000

j.oandhs-2021-0021.apptab.001

Family Species Status Literature &S
Petromyzontidae *Lampetra lanceolata E Özuluğ et al. 2007; Çiçek et al. 2020
Acipenseridae *Acipenser stellatus N Memiş et al. 2019
*Acipenser gueldenstaedtii N Memiş et al. 2019
*Acipenser ruthenus N Erençin 1978
*Acipenser sturio N Memiş 2014
*Acipenser nudivenris N Memiş 2014; Memiş et al. 2019
*Huso huso N Memiş et al. 2019
Anguillidae *Anguilla anguilla N Özuluğ et al. 2007
Clupeidae *Alosa maeotica E Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Clupeonella muhlisi E Özuluğ et al. 2007
Cobitidae **Cobitis simplicispina E S
*Cobitis emrei E Freyhof et al. 2018
Nemacheilidae **Oxynoemacheilus angorae E S
***Oxynoemacheilus cf. samanticus E Aksu et al. 2018 & S
***Oxynoemacheilus cf.kosswigi E Aksu et al. 2018 & S
***Seminemacheilus lendlii E Yoğurtçuoğlu et al (2020) & S
Cyprinidae ***Barbus escherichii E S
*Barbus tauricus E Turan et al. 2018
**Capoeta baliki E S
**Capoeta sieboldii N Erençin, 1978&S
**Capoeta tinca E Bektaş et al.2017; Kaya, 2020
**Carassius auratus I/A S
*Carassius carassius I/A Emiroğlu et al. 2012; Duman & Helli, 2019
**Carassius gibelio I/A Duman & Helli, 2019 & S
**Cyprinus carpio N Erençin, 1978; Memiş et al. 2019 & S
Tincidae **Tinca tinca N Memiş et al. 2019 & S
Acheilognathidae **Rhodeus amarus N S
Gobionidae **Gobio sakaryaensis E Turan et al. 2012 & S
**Pseudorasbora parva I/A S
Leuciscidae *Abramis brama N Özuluğ et al. 2007
**Alburnoides kosswigi E Turan et al. 2017 & S
*Alburnus derjugini E Bektaş et al. 2020
**Alburnus escherichii E S
*Leuciscus aspius N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Blicca bjoerkna N Duman&Helli, 2019 & S
**Chondrostoma angorense E S
*Petroleuciscus borysthenicus N Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
**Rutilus rutilus N Duman & Helli 2019 & S
**Scardinius erythrophthalmus N Memiş et al. 2019 & S
*Squalius cephalus E Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
**Squalius pursakensis E S
**Vimba vimba N Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
Serrasalmidae *Pygocentrus nattereri I/A Tarkan 2006
Loricariidae ***Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus I/A S
***Pterygoplichthys pardalis I/A S
Pangasiidae ***Pangasius sanitwongsei I/A Yoğurtçuoğlu & Ekmekçi, 2018
Siluridae **Silurus glanis N Erençin, 1978; Özuluğ et al. 2007; MEMİŞ et al. 2019 & & S
Claridae ***Clarias batrachus I/A S
***Clarias gariepinus I/A S
Esocidae **Esox lucius N Erençin, 1978; Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
Salmonidae ***Oncorhynchus mykiss I/A Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
*Salmo cf. coruhensis E Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Salmo cf. rizeensis E Özuluğ et al. 2007
Syngnathidae *Syngnathus abaster N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Syngnathus tenuirostris N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Syngnathus tenuirostris N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Syngnathus nigrolineatus N Özuluğ et al. 2007
Gobiidae *Babka gymnotrachelus N Duman & Helli 2019
*Knipowitschia caucasica N Özuluğ et al. 2007
**Neogobius fluviatilis N Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
*Neogobius melanostomus N Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
*Ponticola syrman N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Proterorhinus marmoratus N Duman & Helli 2019
Cichlidae ***Bujurquina vittata I/A S
***Oreochromis niloticus I/A S
Atherinidae *Atherina boyeri N Özuluğ et al. 2007
*Atherina pontica N Geiger et al. 2014
Aphaniidae ***Anatolichthys villwocki E S
Poeciliidae **Gambusia holbrooki I/A Kurtul & Sari, 2019 & S
***Poecilia cf. reticulata I/A S
***Xiphophorus cf. maculatus I/A S
Mugilidae *Mugil cephalus N Bozcaartmutlu et al. 2015
*Planiliza haematocheilus N Bozcaartmutlu et al. 2009
Centrarchidae *Lepomis gibbosus I/A Duman & Helli 2019 & S
Percidae *Perca fluviatilis N Duman & Helli 2019 & S

Results of distance-based multivariate analysis for a linear model (DISTLM) for physicochemical variables. Significant results are indicated in bold.

Variable Marginal test Sequential test
SS (trace) Pseudo-F p SS (trace) Pseudo-F p
Minimum Temperature (°C) 2996.4 1.914 0.103 2996.4 1.194 0.101
Maximum Temperature (°C) 830.8 0.431 0.889 2996.4 1.194 0.097
pH 1749.7 0.987 0.481
Conductivity (μS cm−1) 1449.8 0.795 0.563
Dissolved Oxygen (mg l−1) 2472 1.496 0.172
DOS 1421.7 0.778 0.631
Salinity (PSU) 1762.1 0.995 0.451

Physicochemical parameters of water in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Localities Minimum Temperature (°C) Maximum Temperature (°C) pH Conductivity (μS cm−1) Dissolved Oxygen (mg l−1) Salinity (PSU)
1 2.2 27.5 8.50 670 7.82 0.21
2 19.1 25.3 8.50 540 7.45 0.22
3 15.8 26.9 7.46 495 7.65 0.24
4 3.6 23.8 7.98 580 8.40 0.35
5 2.0 24.5 7.45 450 8.50 0.26
6 15.2 25.4 8.02 726 7.40 0.46
7 16.0 26.0 7.05 1041 7.02 0.54
8 2.0 27.0 8.38 929 8.56 0.50
eISSN:
1897-3191
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Chemistry, other, Geosciences, Life Sciences