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Radioactivity characteristics of lignite and hard coals: Case study of Zonguldak (Kozlu), Konya (Karapınar) and Antalya (Pamucakyayla) in Türkiye

Suleyman Fatih Ozmen

Suleyman Fatih Ozmen

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Safety Program, Akdeniz University, Electric and Energy DepartmentAntalya, Turkey
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Ozmen, Suleyman Fatih
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Cevdet Bertan Güllüdağ

Cevdet Bertan Güllüdağ

Akdeniz University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Architecture and City PlanningAntalya, Turkey
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Güllüdağ, Cevdet Bertan
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Selin Karadirek

Selin Karadirek

Akdeniz University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological EngineeringAntalya, Turkey
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Karadirek, Selin
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Ercüment Aksoy

Ercüment Aksoy

Akdeniz University, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Department of Architecture and City PlanningAntalya, Turkey
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Aksoy, Ercüment
  
Jun 25, 2024
Radioactivity characteristics of lignite and hard coals: Case study of Zonguldak (Kozlu), Konya (Karapınar) and Antalya (Pamucakyayla) in Türkiye's Cover Image
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Article Category: Original Paper
Published Online: Jun 25, 2024
Page range: 99 - 105
Received: Nov 13, 2023
Accepted: Apr 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2024-0014
Keywords
© 2024 Suleyman Fatih Ozmen et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Location map of coalfields.
Location map of coalfields.

Fig. 2.

General stratigraphic section of study area (a) Zonguldak-Kozlu [18], (b) Konya-Karapınar [19], (c) Antalya-Pamucakyayla [20].
General stratigraphic section of study area (a) Zonguldak-Kozlu [18], (b) Konya-Karapınar [19], (c) Antalya-Pamucakyayla [20].

Descriptive statistics for 238U, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations of coal samples

Site: Zonguldak-Kozlu (12 samples) 238U (Bq·kg−1) 232Th (Bq·kg−1) 40K (Bq·kg−1)
Min 16.2 20.6 283.9
Max 25.5 39.2 375.7
Mean SEM 19.5 ± 3.1 29.5 ± 3.4 321.7 ± 54.1
25 17.6 23.2 290.5
Percentile 50 18.9 29.3 319.2
75 20.7 34.6 351.5
Site: Konya-Karapınar (12 samples) 238U (Bq·kg−1) 232Th (Bq·kg−1) 40K (Bq·kg−1)
Min 109.4 30.5 308.8
Max 227.6 52.0 515.5
Mean SEM 181.2 ± 18.0 43.7 ± 5.5 432.3 ± 65.5
25 156.3 35.5 389.6
Percentile 50 186.2 46.4 436.5
75 203.4 51.0 475.5
Site: Antalya-Pamucakyayla (12 samples) 238U (Bq·kg−1) 232Th (Bq·kg−1) 40K (Bq·kg−1)
Min 113.1 28.2 211.9
Max 219.5 67.5 373.1
Mean SEM 159.6 ± 12.3 45.0 ± 6.4 302.1 ± 50.2
25 138.0 35.3 261.7
Percentile 50 160.8 45.9 320.5
75 181.7 50.7 339.2

Summary of the analysis of standard materials

Standard Reference value (Bq·kg−1) Measured value (Bq·kg−1)
RGU-1 4 940 ± 30 4 958 ± 70
RGTh-1 3 250 ± 90 3 280 ± 67
RGK-1 14 000 ± 400 14 543 ± 459

Descriptive statistics of radiological risk parameters

Site Samples D (nGy·h−1) Raeq (Bq·kg−1)
Min Max Mean Min Max Mean
Zonguldak-Kozlu 12 33.3 47.9 40.7 ± 5.8 40.8 58.8 49.9 ± 8.9
Konya-Karapınar 12 90.9 173.8 140.7 ± 39.3 111.6 213.2 172.5 ± 39.7
Antalya-Pamucakyayla 12 107.5 144.1 128.2 ± 27.4 131.9 176.7 157.2 ± 23.5
Site Samples Annual equivalent dose (μSv·year−1) Hin
Min Max Mean Min Max Mean
Zonguldak-Kozlu 12 69.7 103.4 86.4 ± 20.2 0.23 0.35 0.32
Konya-Karapınar 12 192.7 381.3 304.1 ± 64.1 0.82 1.59 1.13
Antalya-Pamucakyayla 12 234.3 311.5 276.9 ± 56.6 0.94 1.40 1.25
Language:
English
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