This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abidin, C. (2016). Visibility labour: Engaging with influencers’ fashion brands and #OOTD advertorial campaigns on Instagram. Media International Australia, 161(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X16665177AbidinC. (2016). Visibility labour: Engaging with influencers’ fashion brands and #OOTD advertorial campaigns on Instagram. Media International Australia, 161(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X16665177Search in Google Scholar
Abidin, C. (2017). #familygoals: Family influencers, calibrated amateurism, and justifying young digital labor. Social Media + Society, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117707191AbidinC. (2017). #familygoals: Family influencers, calibrated amateurism, and justifying young digital labor. Social Media + Society, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117707191Search in Google Scholar
Abidin, C., & Brown, M. L. (Eds.). (2019). Microcelebrity around the globe: Approaches to cultures of internet fame. Emerald Publishing.AbidinC.BrownM. L. (Eds.). (2019). Microcelebrity around the globe: Approaches to cultures of internet fame. Emerald Publishing.Search in Google Scholar
Ahnfeldt, M. [@pengemette]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/pengemette/AhnfeldtM. [@pengemette]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/pengemette/Search in Google Scholar
Altheide, D. L., & Schneider, C. J. (2013). Qualitative media analysis (2nd ed.). Sage.AltheideD. L.SchneiderC. J. (2013). Qualitative media analysis (2nd ed.). Sage.Search in Google Scholar
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. The Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.0022BarberB. M.OdeanT. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. The Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00226Search in Google Scholar
Ben-Shmuel, A. T., Hayes, A., & Drach, V. (2024). The gendered language of financial advice: Finfluencers, framing, and subconscious preferences. Socius, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241267131Ben-ShmuelA. T.HayesA.DrachV. (2024). The gendered language of financial advice: Finfluencers, framing, and subconscious preferences. Socius, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241267131Search in Google Scholar
Bishop, S. (2020). Algorithmic experts: Selling algorithmic lore on YouTube. Social Media + Society, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119897323BishopS. (2020). Algorithmic experts: Selling algorithmic lore on YouTube. Social Media + Society, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119897323Search in Google Scholar
Bonde Invest. (2019). Bonde. Retrieved January 14, 2025, from https://www.bondeinvest.comBonde Invest (2019). Bonde. Retrieved January 14, 2025, from https://www.bondeinvest.comSearch in Google Scholar
Børsen. (2022, September 22). Hans ekstraordinære afkast har fået en tur med høvlen [His extraordinary returns have taken a hit]. Børsen, 22–23.Børsen. (2022, September22). Hans ekstraordinære afkast har fået en tur med høvlen [His extraordinary returns have taken a hit]. Børsen, 22–23.Search in Google Scholar
Collins, H., & Evans, R. (2009). Rethinking expertise (Paperback ed.). University of Chicago Press.CollinsH.EvansR. (2009). Rethinking expertise (Paperback ed.). University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
CPH Trading Academy. (n.d.). About [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/cphtradingacademy/CPH Trading Academy. (n.d.). About [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/cphtradingacademy/Search in Google Scholar
Cunningham, S., & Craig, D. (2021). Introduction. In S. Cunningham, & D. Craig (Eds.), Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment (pp. 1–17). New York University Pres.sCunninghamS.CraigD. (2021). Introduction. In S.CunninghamD.Craig (Eds.), Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment (pp. 1–17). New York University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Das, S. (2022, August 20). Andrew Tate: Money-making scheme for fans of ‘extreme misogynist’ closes. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/aug/20/andrew-tate-money-making-scheme-for-fans-of-extreme-misogynist-closesDasS. (2022, August20). Andrew Tate: Money-making scheme for fans of ‘extreme misogynist’ closes. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/aug/20/andrew-tate-money-making-scheme-for-fans-of-extreme-misogynist-closesSearch in Google Scholar
DR. (2020, October 10). 25-årige Daniel droppede velbetalt job: Nu har han tjent sin første million [25-year-old Daniel quit a well-paid job: Now he has earned his first million]. DR. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/kultur/25-aarige-daniel-droppede-velbetalt-job-nu-har-han-tjent-sin-foerste-millionDR. (2020, October10). 25-årige Daniel droppede velbetalt job: Nu har han tjent sin første million [25-year-old Daniel quit a well-paid job: Now he has earned his first million]. DR. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/kultur/25-aarige-daniel-droppede-velbetalt-job-nu-har-han-tjent-sin-foerste-millionSearch in Google Scholar
Duffy, B. E. (2020). Social media influencers. In The international encyclopedia of gender, media, and communication. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219DuffyB. E. (2020). Social media influencers. In The international encyclopedia of gender, media, and communication. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119429128.iegmc219Search in Google Scholar
Duffy, B. E., & Sawey, M. (2021). Value, service, and precarity among Instagram content creators. In S. Cunningham, & D. Craig (Eds.), Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment (pp. 135–152). New York University Press.DuffyB. E.SaweyM. (2021). Value, service, and precarity among Instagram content creators. In S.CunninghamD.Craig (Eds.), Creator culture: An introduction to global social media entertainment (pp. 135–152). New York University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Eyal, G. (2019). The crisis of expertise. Polity Press.EyalG. (2019). The crisis of expertise. Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Gregersen, A., & Ørmen, J. (2023). The output imperative: Productivity and precarity on YouTube. Information, Communication & Society, 26(7), 1363–1380. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.2006745GregersenA.ØrmenJ. (2023). The output imperative: Productivity and precarity on YouTube. Information, Communication & Society, 26(7), 1363–1380. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.2006745Search in Google Scholar
Gregersen, A., & Ørmen, J. (2024). The platform behind the curtain: Obfuscated brokerage on retail trading platforms. Internet Policy Review, 13(2). https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/obfuscated-brokerage-retail-trading-platformsGregersenA.ØrmenJ. (2024). The platform behind the curtain: Obfuscated brokerage on retail trading platforms. Internet Policy Review, 13(2). https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/obfuscated-brokerage-retail-trading-platformsSearch in Google Scholar
Hahl, O., Kim, M., & Zuckerman Sivan, E. W. (2018). The authentic appeal of the lying demagogue: Proclaiming the deeper truth about political illegitimacy. American Sociological Review, 83(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417749632HahlO.KimM.Zuckerman SivanE. W. (2018). The authentic appeal of the lying demagogue: Proclaiming the deeper truth about political illegitimacy. American Sociological Review, 83(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417749632Search in Google Scholar
Haslop, C., Ringrose, J., Cambazoglu, I., & Milne, B. (2024). Mainstreaming the manosphere’s misogyny through affective homosocial currencies: Exploring how teen boys navigate the Andrew Tate effect. Social Media + Society, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241228811HaslopC.RingroseJ.CambazogluI.MilneB. (2024). Mainstreaming the manosphere’s misogyny through affective homosocial currencies: Exploring how teen boys navigate the Andrew Tate effect. Social Media + Society, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241228811Search in Google Scholar
Hayes, A. S., & Ben-Shmuel, A. T. (2024). Under the finfluence: Financial influencers, economic meaning-making and the financialization of digital life. Economy and Society, 53(3), 478–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2381980HayesA. S.Ben-ShmuelA. T. (2024). Under the finfluence: Financial influencers, economic meaning-making and the financialization of digital life. Economy and Society, 53(3), 478–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085147.2024.2381980Search in Google Scholar
Jerslev, A. (2016). In the time of the microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 5233–5251. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5078JerslevA. (2016). In the time of the microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 5233–5251. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5078Search in Google Scholar
Kay, S., Mulcahy, R., & Parkinson, J. (2020). When less is more: The impact of macro and micro social media influencers’ disclosure. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3-4), 248–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1718740KayS.MulcahyR.ParkinsonJ. (2020). When less is more: The impact of macro and micro social media influencers’ disclosure. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3-4), 248–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1718740Search in Google Scholar
Khamis, S., Ang, L., & Welling, R. (2017). Self-branding, ‘micro-celebrity’ and the rise of social media influencers. Celebrity Studies, 8(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292KhamisS.AngL.WellingR. (2017). Self-branding, ‘micro-celebrity’ and the rise of social media influencers. Celebrity Studies, 8(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292Search in Google Scholar
Kluge, S. (2000). Empirically grounded construction of types and typologies in qualitative social research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.1.1124KlugeS. (2000). Empirically grounded construction of types and typologies in qualitative social research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-1.1.1124Search in Google Scholar
Kuchler, T., & Stroebel, J. (2021). Social finance. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 13, 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-101320-062446KuchlerT.StroebelJ. (2021). Social finance. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 13, 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-101320-062446Search in Google Scholar
Lewis, T. (2008). Smart living: Lifestyle media and popular expertise. Peter Lang.LewisT. (2008). Smart living: Lifestyle media and popular expertise. Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar
Lewis, T. (2010). Branding, celebritization and the lifestyle expert. Cultural Studies, 24(4), 580–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2010.488406LewisT. (2010). Branding, celebritization and the lifestyle expert. Cultural Studies, 24(4), 580–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2010.488406Search in Google Scholar
Lindquist, S. B. [@hello_sofie]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/hello_sofie/LindquistS. B. [@hello_sofie]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/hello_sofie/Search in Google Scholar
Lindquist, S. B. [@hello_sofie]. (2024, November 10). annonce FÅ STYR PÅ DIN PENSION PÅ UNDER 90 SEKUNDER! Her kommer fem lynhurtige råd i samarbejde… [advertisement TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR PENSION IN LESS THAN 90 SECONDS! Here are five quick tips in collaboration…] [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/hello_sofie/reel/DCLnKAYMeDe/LindquistS. B. [@hello_sofie]. (2024, November10). annonce FÅ STYR PÅ DIN PENSION PÅ UNDER 90 SEKUNDER! Her kommer fem lynhurtige råd i samarbejde… [advertisement TAKE CONTROL OF YOUR PENSION IN LESS THAN 90 SECONDS! ???Here are five quick tips in collaboration…] [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/hello_sofie/reel/DCLnKAYMeDe/Search in Google Scholar
Maddox, J. (2023). Micro-celebrities of information: Mapping calibrated expertise and knowledge influencers among social media veterinarians. Information, Communication & Society, 26(14), 2726–2752. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2109980MaddoxJ. (2023). Micro-celebrities of information: Mapping calibrated expertise and knowledge influencers among social media veterinarians. Information, Communication & Society, 26(14), 2726–2752. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2109980Search in Google Scholar
Marwick, A., & boyd, d. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 17(2), 139–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856510394539MarwickA.boydd. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 17(2), 139–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856510394539Search in Google Scholar
McKinney, J. C. (1966). Constructive typology and social theory. Appleton-Century-Crofts.McKinneyJ. C. (1966). Constructive typology and social theory. Appleton-Century-Crofts.Search in Google Scholar
Mortensen, M., & Kristensen, N. N. (2023). At the boundaries of authority and authoritarianism in the welfare state: News coverage of alt. health influencers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Javnost-The Public, 30(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2023.2168442MortensenM.KristensenN. N. (2023). At the boundaries of authority and authoritarianism in the welfare state: News coverage of alt. health influencers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Javnost-The Public, 30(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2023.2168442Search in Google Scholar
Negus, K. (2002). The work of cultural intermediaries and the enduring distance between production and consumption. Cultural Studies, 16(4), 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380210139089NegusK. (2002). The work of cultural intermediaries and the enduring distance between production and consumption. Cultural Studies, 16(4), 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380210139089Search in Google Scholar
Pearce, J (2023). Achieving motherhood: A qualitative analysis of MLM success stories online. Feminist Media Studies, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2023.2172056PearceJ (2023). Achieving motherhood: A qualitative analysis of MLM success stories online. Feminist Media Studies, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2023.2172056Search in Google Scholar
Oldgaard, P. [@moneymum.dk]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/moneymum.dk/OldgaardP. [@moneymum.dk]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/moneymum.dk/Search in Google Scholar
Pedersen, D. H. [@danielspengetips]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/danielspengetips/PedersenD. H. [@danielspengetips]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from https://www.instagram.com/danielspengetips/Search in Google Scholar
Poell, T., Nieborg, D. B., & Duffy, B. E. (2021). Platforms and cultural production. Polity Press.PoellT.NieborgD. B.DuffyB. E. (2021). Platforms and cultural production. Polity Press.Search in Google Scholar
Preda, A. (2023). The spectacle of expertise: Why financial analysts perform in the media. Columbia University Press.PredaA. (2023). The spectacle of expertise: Why financial analysts perform in the media. Columbia University Press.Search in Google Scholar
Ragin, C. C. (2000). Fuzzy-set social science. University of Chicago Press.RaginC. C. (2000). Fuzzy-set social science. University of Chicago Press.Search in Google Scholar
Rogge, N., & Vanden Eynde, S. (2023). The legal implications of disclaimers used by finfluencers. Financial Law Institute.RoggeN.Vanden EyndeS. (2023). The legal implications of disclaimers used by finfluencers. Financial Law Institute.Search in Google Scholar
Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and community in the age of social networks. Peter Lang.SenftT. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and community in the age of social networks. Peter Lang.Search in Google Scholar
Senft, T. M. (2019). Fame, shame, remorse, authenticity: A prologue. In C. Abidin, & M. L. Brown (Eds.), Microcelebrity around the globe: Approaches to cultures of internet fame (pp. xiii–xxii). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787567498SenftT. M. (2019). Fame, shame, remorse, authenticity: A prologue. In C.AbidinM. L.Brown (Eds.), Microcelebrity around the globe: Approaches to cultures of internet fame (pp. xiii–xxii). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781787567498Search in Google Scholar
SES-trading. (n.d.). Posts [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://www.facebook.com/sesthegreat1/SES-trading. (n.d.). Posts [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://www.facebook.com/sesthegreat1/Search in Google Scholar
Small, M. L. (2009). ‘How many cases do I need?’: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research. Ethnography, 10(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138108099586SmallM. L. (2009). ‘How many cases do I need?’: On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research. Ethnography, 10(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138108099586Search in Google Scholar
Szkutak, R. (2021). Female Invest raises $4.5 million to empower women to invest. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccaszkutak/2021/11/09/female-invest-raises-45-million-to-empower-women-to-invest/SzkutakR. (2021). Female Invest raises $4.5 million to empower women to invest. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccaszkutak/2021/11/09/female-invest-raises-45-million-to-empower-women-to-invest/Search in Google Scholar
TV 2. (2021, May 5). Aktieinfluencere kan skabe eller smadre formuer – når 33-årig dansker handler, følger 24.000 efter – TV 2 [Stock influencers can make or break fortunes – when a 33-year-old Dane trades, 24,000 follow – TV 2]. nyheder.tv2.dk. https://nyheder.tv2.dk/penge/2021-05-05-aktieinfluencere-kan-skabe-eller-smadre-formuer-naar-33-aarig-dansker-handler-foelger-24000-efterTV 2 (2021, May5). Aktieinfluencere kan skabe eller smadre formuer – når 33-årig dansker handler, følger 24.000 efter – TV 2 [Stock influencers can make or break fortunes – when a 33-year-old Dane trades, 24,000 follow – TV 2]. nyheder.tv2.dk. https://nyheder.tv2.dk/penge/2021-05-05-aktieinfluencere-kan-skabe-eller-smadre-formuer-naar-33-aarig-dansker-handler-foelger-24000-efterSearch in Google Scholar
Wrenn, M. V., & Waller, W. (2021). Boss babes and predatory optimism: Neoliberalism, multi-level marketing schemes, and gender. Journal of Economic Issues, 55(2), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2021.1908805WrennM. V.WallerW. (2021). Boss babes and predatory optimism: Neoliberalism, multi-level marketing schemes, and gender. Journal of Economic Issues, 55(2), 423–431. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2021.1908805Search in Google Scholar
Ørmen, J., & Gregersen, A. (2023). Institutional polymorphism: Diversification of content and monetization strategies on YouTube. Television & New Media, 24(4), 432–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764221110198ØrmenJ.GregersenA. (2023). Institutional polymorphism: Diversification of content and monetization strategies on YouTube. Television & New Media, 24(4), 432–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764221110198Search in Google Scholar