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Nordic Concrete Research
Volume 72 (2025): Issue 1 (June 2025)
Open Access
Assessing Climate Change Effects on Freeze-Thaw Exposure of Concrete Structures
Toni Pakkala
Toni Pakkala
University Lecturer
Finland
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Pakkala, Toni
,
Niko Lindman
Niko Lindman
Tampere University
Finland
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Lindman, Niko
and
Jukka Lahdensivu
Jukka Lahdensivu
Research Manager, P.O. Box 600, FI-33014, Tampere University
Finland
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Lahdensivu, Jukka
Jul 03, 2025
Nordic Concrete Research
Volume 72 (2025): Issue 1 (June 2025)
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Published Online:
Jul 03, 2025
Page range:
153 - 165
Received:
Feb 17, 2025
Accepted:
Jun 21, 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2025-0005
Keywords
concrete structure
,
freeze-thaw damage
,
wind driven rain
,
durability
,
climate change
© 2025 Toni Pakkala et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
