<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Thickness (<italic>T</italic>), Length (<italic>L</italic>), Width (<italic>W</italic>) and size distribution of scaled concrete particles in frost testing were measured. <italic>T</italic> (mm) increases with particle size surprisingly similarly for different concrete qualities and frost test methods. 2<italic>T</italic>/(<italic>L</italic>+<italic>W</italic>) reduces as function of size and is lowest for the largest particles of the salt scaling test: 0.1 – 0.15 but increases if large aggregate particles scale. Particle size distributions from salt frost testing peak for particles of 1-2 mm. The particles are flakier compared to particles from freeze/thaw in water which also have flatter size distribution no matter type of concrete or degree of damage. Scaling in water is not so efficiently reduced by air voids despite protecting very efficiently against internal damage and scaling in salt frost testing. Comparisons with <italic>T</italic> predicted by the glue spall model (≈3/4 × ice thickness) and the air void dependent (≈3× critical air void spacing) model proposed by Fagerlund are difficult due to the size dependent flake thickness. Image analysis could well describe shape. Further studies of concrete flake thickness scaled at varying thickness of ice layers are proposed.</p></abstract>

Thickness (T), Length (L), Width (W) and size distribution of scaled concrete particles in frost testing were measured. T (mm) increases with particle size surprisingly similarly for different concrete qualities and frost test methods. 2T/(L+W) reduces as function of size and is lowest for the largest particles of the salt scaling test: 0.1 – 0.15 but increases if large aggregate particles scale. Particle size distributions from salt frost testing peak for particles of 1-2 mm. The particles are flakier compared to particles from freeze/thaw in water which also have flatter size distribution no matter type of concrete or degree of damage. Scaling in water is not so efficiently reduced by air voids despite protecting very efficiently against internal damage and scaling in salt frost testing. Comparisons with T predicted by the glue spall model (≈3/4 × ice thickness) and the air void dependent (≈3× critical air void spacing) model proposed by Fagerlund are difficult due to the size dependent flake thickness. Image analysis could well describe shape. Further studies of concrete flake thickness scaled at varying thickness of ice layers are proposed.

Shape and Size of Particles Scaled from Concrete Surfaces during Salt Frost Testing and Rapid Freeze/thaw in Water

Professor, Norwegian University of Sc.&Techn.

Nordic Concrete Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Thickness (T), Length (L), Width (W) and size distribution of scaled concrete particles in frost testing were measured. T (mm) increases with particle size...

Shape and Size of Particles Scaled from Concrete Surfaces during Salt Frost Testing and Rapid Freeze/thaw in Water

Published Online: Jul 17, 2021

Page range: 53 - 68

Received: Mar 05, 2021

Accepted: Jun 16, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0001

Keywords
frost, de-icer salt, scaled particles, shape, size, microscopy, image analysis

© 2021 Marte Beheim Brun et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Shape and Size of Particles Scaled from Concrete Surfaces during Salt Frost Testing and Rapid Freeze/thaw in Water

Published Online: Jul 17, 2021

Page range: 53 - 68

Received: Mar 05, 2021

Accepted: Jun 16, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0001

Keywordsfrost, de-icer salt, scaled particles, shape, size, microscopy, image analysis

© 2021 Marte Beheim Brun et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
frost, de-icer salt, scaled particles, shape, size, microscopy, image analysis