Effects of infill density on mechanical properties of additively manufactured chopped carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites

[1] Nadgorny M, Ameli A. Functional polymers and nanocomposites for 3D printing of smart structures and devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2018;10:17489–17507. Nadgorny M Ameli A. Functional polymers and nanocomposites for 3D printing of smart structures and devices . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces . 2018 ; 10 : 17489 – 17507 . Search in Google Scholar

[2] Ning F, Cong W, Hu Y, Wang H. Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: Effects of process parameters on tensile properties. J Compos Mater. 2017;51(4):451–62. Ning F Cong W Hu Y Wang H. Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: Effects of process parameters on tensile properties . J Compos Mater . 2017 ; 51 ( 4 ): 451 – 62 . Search in Google Scholar

[3] Joshi SC, Sheikh AA. 3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability. Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 2015;10(4):175–185. Joshi SC Sheikh AA. 3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability . Virtual Phys. Prototyp . 2015 ; 10 ( 4 ): 175 – 185 . Search in Google Scholar

[4] Jinka RK, Mayandi K, Joe P, Gnanaraj S, Chandrasekar K, Ramalingam PS. A critical review of an additive manufacturing role in Covid-19 epidemic. Mater. Today Proc. 2022;68:1521–1527. Jinka RK Mayandi K Joe P Gnanaraj S Chandrasekar K Ramalingam PS. A critical review of an additive manufacturing role in Covid-19 epidemic . Mater. Today Proc . 2022 ; 68 : 1521 – 1527 . Search in Google Scholar

[5] Lim CWJ, Le KQ, Lu Q, Wong CH. An overview of 3-D printing in manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries. IEEE potentials. 2016;35(4):18–22. Lim CWJ Le KQ Lu Q Wong CH. An overview of 3-D printing in manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive industries . IEEE potentials . 2016 ; 35 ( 4 ): 18 – 22 . Search in Google Scholar

[6] Wang Y, Weng Y, Wang L. Characterization of interfacial compatibility of poly lactic acid and bamboo flour (PLA/BF) in biocomposites. Polym. Test. 2014;36: 119–125. Wang Y Weng Y Wang L. Characterization of interfacial compatibility of poly lactic acid and bamboo flour (PLA/BF) in biocomposites . Polym. Test . 2014 ; 36 : 119 – 125 . Search in Google Scholar

[7] Chacon JM, Caminero MA, Núnez PJ, García-Plaza E, García-Moreno I., Reverte JM. Additive manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties. Compos. Technol. 2019;181. Chacon JM Caminero MA Núnez PJ García-Plaza E García-Moreno I. Reverte JM. Additive manufacturing of continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modelling: Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties . Compos. Technol . 2019 ; 181 . Search in Google Scholar

[8] Fuenmayor E, O’Donnell C, Gately N, Doran P, Devine DM., Lyons JG, et al. Mass-customization of oral tablets via the combination of 3D printing and injection molding. Int. J. Pharm. 2019;569:118611. Fuenmayor E O’Donnell C Gately N Doran P Devine DM. Lyons JG Mass-customization of oral tablets via the combination of 3D printing and injection molding . Int. J. Pharm . 2019 ; 569 : 118611 . Search in Google Scholar

[9] Guo N, Leu MC. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications and research needs. Front. Mech. Eng. 2013;8:215–243. Guo N Leu MC. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications and research needs . Front. Mech. Eng . 2013 ; 8 : 215 – 243 . Search in Google Scholar

[10] Parandoush P, Lin D. A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites. Compos. Struct. 2017;182:36–53. Parandoush P Lin D. A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites . Compos. Struct . 2017 ; 182 : 36 – 53 . Search in Google Scholar

[11] Manzoor F, Golbang A, Jindal S, Dixon D, McIlhagger A, Harkin-Jones E, et al. 3D printed PEEK/HA composites for bone tissue engineering applications: Effect of material formulation on mechanical performance and bioactive potential. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021 Feb;121:104601. Manzoor F Golbang A Jindal S Dixon D McIlhagger A Harkin-Jones E 3D printed PEEK/HA composites for bone tissue engineering applications: Effect of material formulation on mechanical performance and bioactive potential . J Mech Behav Biomed Mater . 2021 Feb ; 121 : 104601 . Search in Google Scholar

[12] Gu D, Meiners W, Wissenbach K, Poprawe R. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms. Int. Mater. Rev. 2012;57(3):133–64. Gu D Meiners W Wissenbach K Poprawe R. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms . Int. Mater. Rev . 2012 ; 57 ( 3 ): 133 – 64 . Search in Google Scholar

[13] Guo N, Leu MC. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications and research needs. Front. Mech. Eng. 2013;8:215–243. Guo N Leu MC. Additive manufacturing: Technology, applications and research needs . Front. Mech. Eng . 2013 ; 8 : 215 – 243 . Search in Google Scholar

[14] Parandoush P, Lin D. A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites. Compos. Struct. 2017;182:36–53. Parandoush P Lin D. A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites . Compos. Struct . 2017 ; 182 : 36 – 53 . Search in Google Scholar

[15] Jaya Christiyan KG, Chandrasekhar U, Venkateswarlu.. IOP Conf. Series: A study on the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS composite. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2016;114:012109. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/114/1/012109 Jaya Christiyan KG Chandrasekhar U Venkateswarlu.. IOP Conf. Series: A study on the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed ABS composite . Mater. Sci. Eng . 2016 ; 114 : 012109 . doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/114/1/012109 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[16] Tontowi AE, Ramdani L, Erdizon RV, Baroroh DK. Optimization of 3D-printer process parameters for improving quality of polylactic acid printed part. 2017 May;9(2). Tontowi AE Ramdani L Erdizon RV Baroroh DK. Optimization of 3D-printer process parameters for improving quality of polylactic acid printed part . 2017 May ; 9 ( 2 ). Search in Google Scholar

[17] Singh S, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. 3D printing of polymer composites: A short review. Mater. Des. Process. Commun. 2019 Jul 29;2(2):e97. doi: 10.1002/mdp 2.97 Singh S Ramakrishna S Berto F. 3D printing of polymer composites: A short review . Mater. Des. Process. Commun . 2019 Jul 29 ; 2 ( 2 ): e97 . doi: 10.1002/mdp 2.97 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[18] Lewicki J, Rodriguez J, Zhu C, Worsely MA, Wu AS, Kanrska Y, et al. 3D-printing of meso-structurally ordered carbon fiber/polymer composites with unprecedented orthotropic physical properties. Sci Rep. 2017;7:43401. doi: 10.1038/srep43401 Lewicki J Rodriguez J Zhu C Worsely MA Wu AS Kanrska Y 3D-printing of meso-structurally ordered carbon fiber/polymer composites with unprecedented orthotropic physical properties . Sci Rep . 2017 ; 7 : 43401 . doi: 10.1038/srep43401 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[19] Sethu Ramalingam P, Mayandi K, Rajini N, Abdul Munaf AKS, Rajesh KK, Oluwarotimi IS, et al. Experimental investigation and statistical analysis of additively manufactured onyx-carbon fiber reinforced composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2021 May 10;138(18):50338. doi: 10.1002/app.48777 Sethu Ramalingam P Mayandi K Rajini N Abdul Munaf AKS Rajesh KK Oluwarotimi IS Experimental investigation and statistical analysis of additively manufactured onyx-carbon fiber reinforced composites . J. Appl. Polym. Sci . 2021 May 10 ; 138 ( 18 ): 50338 . doi: 10.1002/app.48777 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[20] Saeed K, McIlhagger A, Harkin-Jones E, McGarrigle C, Dixon D, Ali Shar M, et al. Characterization of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D printed polymer composites with varying fibre volume fractions. Compos. Struct. 2022 Feb 15;282:115033. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115033 Saeed K McIlhagger A Harkin-Jones E McGarrigle C Dixon D Ali Shar M Characterization of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D printed polymer composites with varying fibre volume fractions . Compos. Struct . 2022 Feb 15 ; 282 : 115033 . doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115033 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[21] Lizut M, Wojs MK. Research on clutch lever of ktm motorcycle produced by using 3d printing. Zest. Inst. Pojazdów. 2017;110(1):119–126. Available from: http://repo.pw.edu.pl/ Lizut M Wojs MK. Research on clutch lever of ktm motorcycle produced by using 3d printing . Zest. Inst. Pojazdów . 2017 ; 110 ( 1 ): 119 – 126 . Available from: http://repo.pw.edu.pl/ Search in Google Scholar

[22] Saeed K, McIlhagger A, Harkin-Jones E, Kelly J, Archer E. Predication of the in-plane mechanical properties of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D printed polymer composites using classical laminated-plate theory. Compos. Struct. 2021 Mar 1;259:113226. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113226 Saeed K McIlhagger A Harkin-Jones E Kelly J Archer E. Predication of the in-plane mechanical properties of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D printed polymer composites using classical laminated-plate theory . Compos. Struct . 2021 Mar 1 ; 259 : 113226 . doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113226 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[23] Dantas F, Couling K, Gregory JG. Long-fibre reinforced polymer composites by 3D printing: influence of nature of reinforcement and processing parameters on mechanical performance. Funct. Compos. Mater. 2020 Sep 21;1(7). doi: 10.1186/s42252-020-00010-0 Dantas F Couling K Gregory JG. Long-fibre reinforced polymer composites by 3D printing: influence of nature of reinforcement and processing parameters on mechanical performance . Funct. Compos. Mater . 2020 Sep 21 ; 1 ( 7 ). doi: 10.1186/s42252-020-00010-0 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[24] Rajendran S, Palani G, Kanakaraj A, Shanmugam V, Veerasimman A, Gądek S, et al. Metal and polymer based composites manufactured using additive manufacturing—A brief review. Polymers. 2023;15(11):2564. doi: 10.3390/polym15112564 Rajendran S Palani G Kanakaraj A Shanmugam V Veerasimman A Gądek S Metal and polymer based composites manufactured using additive manufacturing—A brief review . Polymers . 2023 ; 15 ( 11 ): 2564 . doi: 10.3390/polym15112564 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[25] Giannakis, E. Mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens. International Hellenic University, Thermi; 2018 Mar. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11544/29064 Giannakis E Mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens . International Hellenic University , Thermi ; 2018 Mar . Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11544/29064 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Kalimuthu M, Nagarajan R, Batcha AA, Siengchin S, Anumakonda VR, Ayrilmis N. Mechanical property and morphological analysis of polyester composites reinforced with Cyperus pangorei fibers. J Bionic Eng. 2019;16:164–174. doi: 10.1007/s42235-019-0015-6 Kalimuthu M Nagarajan R Batcha AA Siengchin S Anumakonda VR Ayrilmis N. Mechanical property and morphological analysis of polyester composites reinforced with Cyperus pangorei fibers . J Bionic Eng . 2019 ; 16 : 164 – 174 . doi: 10.1007/s42235-019-0015-6 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[27] Karolina EM, Borucka A, Kaczor P, Gądek S, Bogucki R, Mirzewiñski D, et al. Mechanical, thermal and microstructural characteristic of 3D printed polylactide composites with natural fibers: Wood, bamboo and cork. J Polym Environ. 2022;30:2341–2354. doi: 10.1007/s10924-021-02356-3 Karolina EM Borucka A Kaczor P Gądek S Bogucki R Mirzewiñski D Mechanical, thermal and microstructural characteristic of 3D printed polylactide composites with natural fibers: Wood, bamboo and cork . J Polym Environ . 2022 ; 30 : 2341 – 2354 . doi: 10.1007/s10924-021-02356-3 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[28] Li H, Liu B, Ge L, Chen Y, Zheng H, Fang D, Mechanical performances of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites printed in vacuum. Compos. B. Eng. 2021;225:109277. Li H Liu B Ge L Chen Y Zheng H Fang D Mechanical performances of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA composites printed in vacuum . Compos. B. Eng . 2021 ; 225 : 109277 . Search in Google Scholar

[29] Lay M, Thajudin NLN, Ain Abdul Hamid Z, Rusli A, Khalil Abdullah M, Shuib RK. Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of PLA, ABS and nylon 6 fabricated using fused deposition modeling and injection molding. Compos. B. Eng. 2019;176:107341. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 Lay M Thajudin NLN Ain Abdul Hamid Z Rusli A Khalil Abdullah M Shuib RK. Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of PLA, ABS and nylon 6 fabricated using fused deposition modeling and injection molding . Compos. B. Eng . 2019 ; 176 : 107341 . doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[30] Parida C, Dash SK, Chaterjee P. Mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic) acid—luffa fiber composites. Soft Nanosci. Lett. 2015;5(4). doi: 10.4236/snl.2015.54008 Parida C Dash SK Chaterjee P. Mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic) acid—luffa fiber composites . Soft Nanosci. Lett . 2015 ; 5 ( 4 ). doi: 10.4236/snl.2015.54008 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar