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Effect of ball milling on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and development of Al-hBN nanocomposites by powder metallurgy route

Arka Ghosh

Arka Ghosh

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela, India
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Ghosh, Arka
, 
Uddeshya Shukla

Uddeshya Shukla

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela, India
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Shukla, Uddeshya
, 
Nityananda Sahoo

Nityananda Sahoo

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela, India
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Sahoo, Nityananda
, 
Sourav Ganguly

Sourav Ganguly

Department of Advanced Materials Technology, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT)Bhubaneshwar, India
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Ganguly, Sourav
, 
Pankaj Shrivastava

Pankaj Shrivastava

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela, India
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Shrivastava, Pankaj
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Lailesh Kumar

Lailesh Kumar

  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
  • Pinetree PosMagnesium Co. Ltd.Seoul, South Korea
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Kumar, Lailesh
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Syed Nasimul Alam

Syed Nasimul Alam

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela, India
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Alam, Syed Nasimul
  
Aug 04, 2023
Effect of ball milling on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and development of Al-hBN nanocomposites by powder metallurgy route's Cover Image
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Published Online: Aug 04, 2023
Page range: 68 - 93
Received: Apr 06, 2023
Accepted: Jun 08, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0009
Keywords
© 2023 Arka Ghosh et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Ball milling using a high-energy planetary mill
Ball milling using a high-energy planetary mill

Fig. 2.

(a) XRD of hBN powder milled for various periods of time and (b) (002) peak of hBN
(a) XRD of hBN powder milled for various periods of time and (b) (002) peak of hBN

Fig. 4.

SEM micrographs of (a, b) as-received pristine hBN, (c, d) 5-hour-milled hBN, (e, f) 10-hour-milled hBN, and (g, h) 20-hour-milled hBN, along with EDXS analysis
SEM micrographs of (a, b) as-received pristine hBN, (c, d) 5-hour-milled hBN, (e, f) 10-hour-milled hBN, and (g, h) 20-hour-milled hBN, along with EDXS analysis

Fig. 3.

Variation of (a) crystallite size and (b) lattice strain of hBN with milling time
Variation of (a) crystallite size and (b) lattice strain of hBN with milling time

Fig. 5.

DSC and TGA plots of 30-hour-milled hBN
DSC and TGA plots of 30-hour-milled hBN

Fig. 6.

(a) Raman spectra of hBN milled for different periods of time, (b) peak at ~1396 cm –1, (c) Variation of FWHM at peak of ~1369 cm–1 with milling time
(a) Raman spectra of hBN milled for different periods of time, (b) peak at ~1396 cm –1, (c) Variation of FWHM at peak of ~1369 cm–1 with milling time

Fig. 7.

HRTEM of (a-c) as-received hBN, (e-g) 10 h- (i-k) and 20 h-milled hBN powder. SAD pattern of (d) as-received hBN, (h) 10 h- and (l) 20 h- milled hBN powder
HRTEM of (a-c) as-received hBN, (e-g) 10 h- (i-k) and 20 h-milled hBN powder. SAD pattern of (d) as-received hBN, (h) 10 h- and (l) 20 h- milled hBN powder

Fig. 8.

(a) Particle size distribution, (b) FTIR analysis of hBN milled for various periods of time, and (c) UV-Vis of as-received pristine hBN
(a) Particle size distribution, (b) FTIR analysis of hBN milled for various periods of time, and (c) UV-Vis of as-received pristine hBN

Fig. 9.

SEM micrograph of (a) 20 h-milled hBN powder (b) pure Al powder
SEM micrograph of (a) 20 h-milled hBN powder (b) pure Al powder

Fig. 10.

XRD spectra pure Al
XRD spectra pure Al

Fig. 11.

(a–f) HRTEM images and (g, h) SAD patterns of Al-3 wt.% hBN powder mixture
(a–f) HRTEM images and (g, h) SAD patterns of Al-3 wt.% hBN powder mixture

Fig. 12.

(a) XRD of sintered pure Al and Al-hBN nanocomposites, (b) (002) peak of hBN, (c) (111) peak of Al
(a) XRD of sintered pure Al and Al-hBN nanocomposites, (b) (002) peak of hBN, (c) (111) peak of Al

Fig. 13.

Raman spectrum of (a) pure hBN powder and (b) sintered Al-hBN nanocomposites
Raman spectrum of (a) pure hBN powder and (b) sintered Al-hBN nanocomposites

Fig. 14.

Optical micrographs of (a, b) pure Al, (c, d) Ah-1, (e, f) Ah-2, (g, h) Ah-3, and (i, j) Ah-5 nanocompositesto
Optical micrographs of (a, b) pure Al, (c, d) Ah-1, (e, f) Ah-2, (g, h) Ah-3, and (i, j) Ah-5 nanocompositesto

Fig. 15.

(a, c, e, g) SEM images and (b, d, f, h) Elemental mapping of Ah-1, Ah-2, Ah-3, and Ah-5 nanocomposites, respectively
(a, c, e, g) SEM images and (b, d, f, h) Elemental mapping of Ah-1, Ah-2, Ah-3, and Ah-5 nanocomposites, respectively

Fig. 16.

(a) Relative density and sintered density of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites, (b) Vickers hardness of the pure Al and various nanocomposites, and (c) Schematic diagram of the Orowan bowing mechanism
(a) Relative density and sintered density of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites, (b) Vickers hardness of the pure Al and various nanocomposites, and (c) Schematic diagram of the Orowan bowing mechanism

Fig. 17.

Optical micrographs of the (a) Ah1, (b) Ah2, (c) Ah3, and (d) Ah5 nanocomposites and grain size distribution of Al
Optical micrographs of the (a) Ah1, (b) Ah2, (c) Ah3, and (d) Ah5 nanocomposites and grain size distribution of Al

Fig. 18.

(a—c) HRTEM micrographs, and (d) SAD pattern of Ah1 nanocomposite, (e-g) HRTEM micrographs, and (h) SAD pattern of Ah3 nanocomposite
(a—c) HRTEM micrographs, and (d) SAD pattern of Ah1 nanocomposite, (e-g) HRTEM micrographs, and (h) SAD pattern of Ah3 nanocomposite

Fig. 19.

Variation of (a) wear depth and (b) wear rate and mass loss of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites
Variation of (a) wear depth and (b) wear rate and mass loss of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites

Fig. 20.

SEM images of the wear tracks of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites
SEM images of the wear tracks of sintered pure Al and various Al-hBN nanocomposites

Fig. 21.

(a) σ-ε curves of pure Al and the various hBN reinforced nanocomposites, (b) comparison of compressive strength (σmax) and strain to failure (εf)
(a) σ-ε curves of pure Al and the various hBN reinforced nanocomposites, (b) comparison of compressive strength (σmax) and strain to failure (εf)

Fig. 22.

ODF maps (at constant φ2 = 0°) of (a) sintered pure Al, (b) Al-1 wt.% hBN, (c) Al-2 wt.% hBN, (d) Al-3 wt.% hBN composites, and (e) Al-5 wt.% hBN nanocomposite
ODF maps (at constant φ2 = 0°) of (a) sintered pure Al, (b) Al-1 wt.% hBN, (c) Al-2 wt.% hBN, (d) Al-3 wt.% hBN composites, and (e) Al-5 wt.% hBN nanocomposite

A comparative analysis of the properties of the Al-hBN nanocomposites achieved in the present study and by other researchers

Composition Hardness (MPa) Relative Density (%) Sintered Density (g/cc) Wear rate (mm3/m) Method References
Al-3 wt.% hBN 450 94.11 2.52 2.048 (at 15N load) PM route and conventional sintering Present Study
Al-3 wt.% hBN 108 HV0.2 for BN micro particle (BNMP) and 103 HV0.2 for BN nanoparticle (BNNP) >97 2.675 PM route and spark plasma sintering (SPS) [16]
Al-3, 6, 9, 12, 15 wt.% hBN 418.3 (for 12 wt.% hBN) – 2.975 (for 3 wt.% hBN) – PM route [18]
AA2024-7.5 wt.% hBN 1078 – – 0.002 (at 10N load) PM route [19]
AA7150-hBN 1767 (for 1.5 wt.% hBN) 99.82 2.81 (for 1.5 wt.% hBN) – Ultrasonic vibration assisted double stir casting process [65]
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