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Europe's cultural diversity as a problem for European integration

Peter Jordan

Peter Jordan

  • Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna, Austria
  • University of the Free StateBloemfontein, South Africa
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Jordan, Peter
  
Jul 04, 2022
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Published Online: Jul 04, 2022
Page range: 126 - 135
Received: Oct 06, 2021
Accepted: Feb 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0003
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© 2022 Peter Jordan, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

The parallel system of Church and state in the European West as opposed to the ‘symphonia’ in the European East in the age of Charlemagne ad c.800 (Unpublished teaching material kindly provided by Friedrich Lachmayer)
The parallel system of Church and state in the European West as opposed to the ‘symphonia’ in the European East in the age of Charlemagne ad c.800 (Unpublished teaching material kindly provided by Friedrich Lachmayer)

Figure 2

Expansion of the Western (Franconian) societal system to newly settled peoples in Central Europe from the 8th century onwardSource: own elaboration
Expansion of the Western (Franconian) societal system to newly settled peoples in Central Europe from the 8th century onwardSource: own elaboration

Figure 3

Balance of powers in the late Middle Ages and early Modern AgeSource: own elaboration based on eds. Goehrke and Gilly 2000
Balance of powers in the late Middle Ages and early Modern AgeSource: own elaboration based on eds. Goehrke and Gilly 2000

Figure 4

Europe subdivided into cultural macro-regionsSource: Jordan 2005a
Europe subdivided into cultural macro-regionsSource: Jordan 2005a

Figure 5

GDP per capita in 1997 relative to highest-ranking countries at the time (i.e. 100 = Luxemburg, Switzerland)Source: own elaboration after Good 1997
GDP per capita in 1997 relative to highest-ranking countries at the time (i.e. 100 = Luxemburg, Switzerland)Source: own elaboration after Good 1997

Figure 6

GDP per capita in 1870 relative to countries in 1997 and the highest-ranking country (i.e. 100 = United Kingdom)Source: own elaboration after Good 1997
GDP per capita in 1870 relative to countries in 1997 and the highest-ranking country (i.e. 100 = United Kingdom)Source: own elaboration after Good 1997

Figure 7

Corruption perceptions index 2020Source: Transparency International 2021
Corruption perceptions index 2020Source: Transparency International 2021
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Geosciences, Geography, Geosciences, other
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