Urban space recovery. Landscape-beneficial solutions in new estates built in post-industrial and post-military areas in Bristol, Poznań and Gdańsk

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An assessment of landscape-beneficial actions in the estates studied_ Source: own elaboration

Dimension of landscape-beneficial actions	Bristol (UK) Harbourside Development	Poznań (Poland) City Park and Ułańskie Estate	Gdańsk (Poland) Browar Gdański Estate
Historical and cultural continuity	Restoring the character (tradition) of the place, no historical buildings, reconstruction of the historical waterfront	Adaptation of a complex of historical buildings, maintenance of the urbanistic system and architectural forms, careful selection of materials and details	Maintenance and adaptation of a few historical buildings in the central part of the complex, reconstruction of historical elements, careful selection of materials and details
Integration with the urban structure and public space of the city (access, activity)	Inclusion in the city space, important element of urban structure, open access, active multifunctional space	Exclusive space, limited access, physical barriers (gates, enclosures), economic barriers (prices) and mental barriers (offer for few people)	Connected with the city space, accessible (pedestrian route), recovery expected, physical barrier (shopping mall)
Composition (visual values, distinguishing features)	Open composition, strong compositional relationship with the city landscape (scenic axes, dominants)	Closed composition, attractively formed internal courtyards (sequence of architectural and landscape interiors)	Composition based on a sequence of architectural and landscape interiors, reference to the urban structure in Wrzeszcz district
Ecology (biodiversity, naturalness)	Diverse forms and species composition of vegetation, riverside habitats, drainage, phytoremediation, climate regulation	Only composed complexes of vegetation with diverse and attractive forms and species (alleys, espaliers, green squares)	Composed and diverse forms vegetation (mostly low-growing plants), making use of water, connection with the neighbouring park

Essential information and urban parameters of the estates_ Source: own elaboration based on (Agrobex 2014; City Park 2017; Cullinan Studio 2017; Dynamo Produce 2012; Grant Associates 2017; Przedsiębiorstwo Budowlane Górski 2017; Sztuka Architektury 2015; Urbanity 2015)

Selected information and urbanparameters	Bristol (UK) Harbourside Development	Poznań (Poland) City Park and Ułańskie Estate	Gdańsk (Poland) Browar Gdański Estate
Designer	Cullinan Studio (urban planning and architecture), Grant Associates (landscape architecture)	Sławomir Rosolski Design Studio (architecture) Rock & Flower Studio (landscape architecture)	Dynamo Produce
Construction time	since 2001	2006-2008	since 2014
Distance from centre straight line distance (km) walking time or travel time by public transport	about 0.6 km 10-minute walk to the cathedral, 15-minute walk to the old town	about 3 km 15-minute tram journey to Old Market Square	about 4 km 15-minute tram journey to the Old Market Square
Cultural distinguishing features	Harbour architecture and infrastructure	Military architecture	Industrial architecture
Natural distinguishing features	Unique environmentally friendly solutions – plant habitats	Alleys and roadside espaliers	Part of the Strzyża Brook and old tree stand
Estate area	> 7 ha	> 6 ha	> 3 ha
Height of buildings	3-8 storeys	1-5 storeys	1-5 storeys
Share of historical buildings	None	About 40% of the built-up area	About 25% of the built-up area