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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ketoprofen with or without combination with xylazine on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of ketoprofen and xylazine that caused an analgesic response in half of the mouse population was 1.26 mg/kg and 6.63 mg/kg, respectively. Serum cyclooxygenase-2 concentration (activity) in the control mice was 16.94 ng/ml. The ketoprofen-treated group (2.52 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 concentration by 58% (7.16 ng/ml). The combined ketoprofen and xylazine treatment (13.26 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 by 94% (0.98 ng/ml). The ketoprofen plasma concentration in the combined treatment group was significantly higher compared to the ketoprofen treatment group. Ketoprofen plasma concentrations measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours were 19.07, 18.94, 14.66, 6.53, 5.44, and 5.54 µg/ml, respectively. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen and xylazine were raised to 28.74, 29.74, 15.32, 13.04, 14.64, and 11.95 µg/ml or by 51%, 56%, 5%, 100%, 169%, and 116%, respectively. Ketoprofen pharmacokinetic variables were increased (AUC0-∞ (515%), AUMC0-∞ (2389%), MRT (305%), t1/2β (375%), Tmax (100%), and Cmax (55%)), while other values were decreased (Kel (79%), Vss (25%), and Cl (88%)). Our findings suggested a synergistic interaction between ketoprofen and xylazine on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (pharmacodynamic interaction) which was exerted by modification of the ketoprofen pharmacokinetic properties in mice.
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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ketoprofen with or without combination with xylazine on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of ketoprofen and xylazine that caused an analgesic response in half of the mouse population was 1.26 mg/kg and 6.63 mg/kg, respectively. Serum cyclooxygenase-2 concentration (activity) in the control mice was 16.94 ng/ml. The ketoprofen-treated group (2.52 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 concentration by 58% (7.16 ng/ml). The combined ketoprofen and xylazine treatment (13.26 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 by 94% (0.98 ng/ml). The ketoprofen plasma concentration in the combined treatment group was significantly higher compared to the ketoprofen treatment group. Ketoprofen plasma concentrations measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours were 19.07, 18.94, 14.66, 6.53, 5.44, and 5.54 µg/ml, respectively. Plasma concentrations of ketoprofen and xylazine were raised to 28.74, 29.74, 15.32, 13.04, 14.64, and 11.95 µg/ml or by 51%, 56%, 5%, 100%, 169%, and 116%, respectively. Ketoprofen pharmacokinetic variables were increased (AUC0-∞ (515%), AUMC0-∞ (2389%), MRT (305%), t1/2β (375%), Tmax (100%), and Cmax (55%)), while other values were decreased (Kel (79%), Vss (25%), and Cl (88%)). Our findings suggested a synergistic interaction between ketoprofen and xylazine on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (pharmacodynamic interaction) which was exerted by modification of the ketoprofen pharmacokinetic properties in mice.

Pharmacokinetic Criteria of Ketoprofen and its Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Mice: Influence of Xylazine Administration

Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine

Macedonian Veterinary Review

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ketoprofen with or without combination with xylazine on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice. The...

Pharmacokinetic Criteria of Ketoprofen and its Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Mice: Influence of Xylazine Administration

Published Online: Dec 31, 2022

Page range: 27 - 33

Received: Feb 14, 2022

Accepted: Dec 01, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0031

Keywords
cyclooxygenase-2, ketoprofen, mice, pharmacokinetics, xylazine

© 2023 Khalil Abdullah Khalil et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Pharmacokinetic Criteria of Ketoprofen and its Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition in Mice: Influence of Xylazine Administration

Published Online: Dec 31, 2022

Page range: 27 - 33

Received: Feb 14, 2022

Accepted: Dec 01, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0031

Keywordscyclooxygenase-2, ketoprofen, mice, pharmacokinetics, xylazine

© 2023 Khalil Abdullah Khalil et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
cyclooxygenase-2, ketoprofen, mice, pharmacokinetics, xylazine