<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of animals and humans. The similarity lies in the fact that animals can use symbolic signs to receive and send messages. Among other things, they can receive and interpret signs on a delayed basis without the direct presence of their sender, although to a fundamentally lesser extent than people. The comparison is carried out both for signs perceived by the organism (afferent signs) and for signs created by the organism (efferent signs), both related to communication and the perception of the environment outside the community.</p>
<p>The main difference is the possibility of telling about events outside the “here and now” in which the narrator could or may not take part. This is the narrative. No signs of animals using the narrative were found. The resulting differences in storytelling use are hypothesized to be related to additional language functions that have increased in humans compared to animals. People have psychological characteristics caused by the presence of the stage of individuation and separation in development. This allows them to move away from the situation and see it from the outside, which is necessary for retelling. On the other hand, people need to communicate with the help of a narrative, since their society includes a sacred part, whose members receive descriptions of events, requests, questions, and their answers in the form of various signs and the results fortune-telling need a detailed interpretation.</p>
</abstract>

The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of animals and humans. The similarity lies in the fact that animals can use symbolic signs to receive and send messages. Among other things, they can receive and interpret signs on a delayed basis without the direct presence of their sender, although to a fundamentally lesser extent than people. The comparison is carried out both for signs perceived by the organism (afferent signs) and for signs created by the organism (efferent signs), both related to communication and the perception of the environment outside the community.
The main difference is the possibility of telling about events outside the “here and now” in which the narrator could or may not take part. This is the narrative. No signs of animals using the narrative were found. The resulting differences in storytelling use are hypothesized to be related to additional language functions that have increased in humans compared to animals. People have psychological characteristics caused by the presence of the stage of individuation and separation in development. This allows them to move away from the situation and see it from the outside, which is necessary for retelling. On the other hand, people need to communicate with the help of a narrative, since their society includes a sacred part, whose members receive descriptions of events, requests, questions, and their answers in the form of various signs and the results fortune-telling need a detailed interpretation.

Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People

Linguistic Frontiers

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People"}

The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of...

Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People

Published Online: Jun 30, 2021

Page range: 3 - 9

Received: Dec 01, 2020

Accepted: Apr 01, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lf-2021-0006

Keywords
language, semiotic threshold, sense, sign-symbol, afferent sign, efferent sign, narrative, individuation and separation, sacral

© 2021 Irina B. Ptitsyna, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People

Published Online: Jun 30, 2021

Page range: 3 - 9

Received: Dec 01, 2020

Accepted: Apr 01, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/lf-2021-0006

Keywordslanguage, semiotic threshold, sense, sign-symbol, afferent sign, efferent sign, narrative, individuation and separation, sacral

© 2021 Irina B. Ptitsyna, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
language, semiotic threshold, sense, sign-symbol, afferent sign, efferent sign, narrative, individuation and separation, sacral