Open Access

Taylorella equigenitalis infections in Poland – results of current diagnostic investigations

, , ,  and   
Aug 07, 2025

Cite
Download Cover

Blobel H., Brűckler J., Kitzrow D., Blobel K.: Contribution to the knowledge of contagious equine metritis in the Federal Republic of Germany. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1979, 2, 551–554, doi: 10.1016/0147-9571(79)90096-1. Blobel H. Brűckler J. Kitzrow D. Blobel K. : Contribution to the knowledge of contagious equine metritis in the Federal Republic of Germany . Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1979 , 2 , 551 554 , 10.1016/0147-9571(79)90096-1 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Crowhurst R.: Genital infection in mares. Vet Rec 1977, 100, 476, doi: 10.1136/vr.100.22.476-a. Crowhurst R. : Genital infection in mares . Vet Rec 1977 , 100 , 476 , 10.1136/vr.100.22.476-a . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Duquense F., Merlin A., Pérez-Cobo I., Sedlák K., Mezler F., Overesch G., Fretin D., Iwaniak W., Breuil M., Wernery U., Hicks J., Agüero-García M., San Miguel-Ibánez E., Petrassová E., Waldvogel A., Szulowski K., Joseph M., Jeeba J., Shanty J., Varghese P., Hans A., Petry S.: Overview of spatio-temporal distribution inferred by multi-locus sequence typing of Taylorella equigenitalis isolated worldwide from 1977 to 2018 in equidae. Vet Microbiol 2020, 242, 108597, doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108597. Duquense F. Merlin A. Pérez-Cobo I. Sedlák K. Mezler F. Overesch G. Fretin D. Iwaniak W. Breuil M. Wernery U. Hicks J. Agüero-García M. San Miguel-Ibánez E. Petrassová E. Waldvogel A. Szulowski K. Joseph M. Jeeba J. Shanty J. Varghese P. Hans A. Petry S. : Overview of spatio-temporal distribution inferred by multi-locus sequence typing of Taylorella equigenitalis isolated worldwide from 1977 to 2018 in equidae . Vet Microbiol 2020 , 242 , 108597 , 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108597 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

European Commission: Annex II, Part 4, Chapter I of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/686 of 17 December 2019 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the approval of germinal product establishments and the traceability and animal health requirements for movements within the Union of germinal products of certain kept terrestrial animals. OJEU L 2020, 174, 63, 03/06/2020, 1–63, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R0686. European Commission : Annex II, Part 4, Chapter I of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/686 of 17 December 2019 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the approval of germinal product establishments and the traceability and animal health requirements for movements within the Union of germinal products of certain kept terrestrial animals . OJEU L 2020 , 174, 63, 03/06/2020, 1 63 , https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R0686 . Search in Google Scholar

Engvall A., Wierup M.: Control of contagious equine metritis in Sweden. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, 18–22 November 1985, Singapore. Engvall A. Wierup M. : Control of contagious equine metritis in Sweden . Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics , 18–22 November 1985 , Singapore . Search in Google Scholar

Grabatin M., Fux R., Zablotski Y., Goehring L.S., Witte T.S.: Taylorella equigenitalis in Icelandic intact males compared with other horse breeds using natural cover. Equine Vet J 2025, 57, 441–448, doi: 10.1111/evj.14121. Grabatin M. Fux R. Zablotski Y. Goehring L.S. Witte T.S. : Taylorella equigenitalis in Icelandic intact males compared with other horse breeds using natural cover . Equine Vet J 2025 , 57 , 441 448 , 10.1111/evj.14121 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hazard G., Hughes P., Penson P.: Contagious equine metritis in Australia. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1979, 27, 337–342. Hazard G. Hughes P. Penson P. : Contagious equine metritis in Australia . J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1979 , 27 , 337 342 . Search in Google Scholar

Hrala M., Andrla P., Bosák J., Fedrová P., Mugutdinov A., Karpíšková R., Nedbalcová K., Raichová J., Faldyna M., Hořín P., Šmajs D.: Whole genome sequences of nine Taylorella equigenitalis strains isolated in the Czech Republic between 1982–2021: Molecular dating suggests a common ancestor at the time of Roman Empire. PLoS One 2025, 20, e0315946, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315946. Hrala M. Andrla P. Bosák J. Fedrová P. Mugutdinov A. Karpíšková R. Nedbalcová K. Raichová J. Faldyna M. Hořín P. Šmajs D. : Whole genome sequences of nine Taylorella equigenitalis strains isolated in the Czech Republic between 1982–2021: Molecular dating suggests a common ancestor at the time of Roman Empire . PLoS One 2025 , 20 , e0315946 , 10.1371/journal.pone.0315946 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jeoung H., Lee K., Yang S., Park T., Lee S., Lee J., Kim S., Kim B., Kim Y., Park J.: First isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis from thoroughbred horses in South Korea. J Equine Vet Sci 2016, 47, 42–46, doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.022. Jeoung H. Lee K. Yang S. Park T. Lee S. Lee J. Kim S. Kim B. Kim Y. Park J. : First isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis from thoroughbred horses in South Korea . J Equine Vet Sci 2016 , 47 , 42 46 , 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.022 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kamada M., Akiyama Y., Oda T., Fukunaga Y.: Contagious equine metritis: isolation of haemophilus equigenitalis from horses with endometritis in Japan. Jpn J Vet Sci 1981, 43, 565–568, doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.43.565. Kamada M. Akiyama Y. Oda T. Fukunaga Y. : Contagious equine metritis: isolation of haemophilus equigenitalis from horses with endometritis in Japan . Jpn J Vet Sci 1981 , 43 , 565 568 , 10.1292/jvms1939.43.565 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kristula M., Smith B.: Diagnosis and treatment of four stallions, carriers of contagious metritis organism - case report. Theriogenology 2004, 61, 595–601, doi: 10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00228-0. Kristula M. Smith B. : Diagnosis and treatment of four stallions, carriers of contagious metritis organism-case report . Theriogenology 2004 , 61 , 595 601 , 10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00228-0 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Luddy S., Kutzler M.A.: Contagious equine metritis within the United States: A review of the 2008 outbreak. J Equine Vet Sci 2010, 30, 393–400, doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.07.006. Luddy S. Kutzler M.A. : Contagious equine metritis within the United States: A review of the 2008 outbreak . J Equine Vet Sci 2010 , 30 , 393 400 , 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.07.006 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

May C., Guthrie A., Keys B., Joone C., Monyai M., Schulman M.: Polymerase chain reaction-based national surveillance programme to determine the distribution and prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis in South African horses. Equine Vet J 2016, 48, 307–311, doi: 10.1111/evj.12439. May C. Guthrie A. Keys B. Joone C. Monyai M. Schulman M. : Polymerase chain reaction-based national surveillance programme to determine the distribution and prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis in South African horses . Equine Vet J 2016 , 48 , 307 311 , 10.1111/evj.12439 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

May C., Schulman M., Gerstenberg C., Grobler A., Mphele A., Guthrie A.: Confirmation of the first outbreak of contagious equine metritis in South Africa. J Equine Vet Sci 2012, 32, 77, doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.164. May C. Schulman M. Gerstenberg C. Grobler A. Mphele A. Guthrie A. : Confirmation of the first outbreak of contagious equine metritis in South Africa . J Equine Vet Sci 2012 , 32 , 77 , 10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.164 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Platt H., Taylor C.E.D.: Contagious Equine Metritis. In: Medical Microbiology, volume I, edited by C.S.F. Easmon, J. Jeljaszewicz, Academic Press, London, 1982, pp. 49–96. Platt H. Taylor C.E.D. : Contagious Equine Metritis . In: Medical Microbiology, volume I , edited by Easmon C.S.F. Jeljaszewicz J. Academic Press , London , 1982 , pp. 49 96 . Search in Google Scholar

Powell D., David J., Frank C.: Contagious equine metritis: The present situation reviewed and a revised code of practice for its control. Vet Rec 1978, 103, 399–402, doi: 10.1136/vr.103.18.399. Powell D. David J. Frank C. : Contagious equine metritis: The present situation reviewed and a revised code of practice for its control . Vet Rec 1978 , 103 , 399 402 , 10.1136/vr.103.18.399 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rocha T.: Contagious equine metritis in Portugal: A retrospective report of the first outbreak in the country and recent contagious equine metritis test results. Open Vet J 2016, 6, 263–267, doi: 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.18. Rocha T. : Contagious equine metritis in Portugal: A retrospective report of the first outbreak in the country and recent contagious equine metritis test results . Open Vet J 2016 , 6 , 263 267 , 10.4314/ovj.v6i3.18 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Solbach V., Grabatin M., Zablotski Y., Fux R., Zerbe H., Witte T.: Prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis in Icelandic mares and geldings in Southern Germany and Austria. J Equine Vet Sci 2025, 144, 105247, doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105247. Solbach V. Grabatin M. Zablotski Y. Fux R. Zerbe H. Witte T. : Prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis in Icelandic mares and geldings in Southern Germany and Austria . J Equine Vet Sci 2025 , 144 , 105247 , 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105247 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Statens Serum Institut: Udbrud af kønssygdommen Contagiøs equin metritis (CEM) hos islandske heste (Outbreak of the venereal disease contagious equine metritis (CEM) in Icelandic horses – in Danish) Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020, https://www.vetssi.dk/vet-nyheder/2020/udbrud-af-koenssygdommen-contagioes-equin-metritis-cem-hos-islandske-heste. Statens Serum Institut : Udbrud af kønssygdommen Contagiøs equin metritis (CEM) hos islandske heste (Outbreak of the venereal disease contagious equine metritis (CEM) in Icelandic horses – in Danish) Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark , 2020 , https://www.vetssi.dk/vet-nyheder/2020/udbrud-af-koenssygdommen-contagioes-equin-metritis-cem-hos-islandske-heste . Search in Google Scholar

Swerczek T.: Contagious equine metritis in the USA. Vet Rec 1978, 102, 512, doi: 10.1136/vr.102.23.512. Swerczek T. : Contagious equine metritis in the USA . Vet Rec 1978 , 102 , 512 , 10.1136/vr.102.23.512 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Štritof Z., Habuš J., Mojčec Perko V., Majhut M., Brkljača Bottegaro N., Perharić M., Hađina S., Milas Z., Turk N.: Detection of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis in horses in Croatia as a result of small scale survey. Vet Archiv 2017, 87, 535–541, doi: 10.24099/vet.arhiv.160627. Štritof Z. Habuš J. Mojčec Perko V. Majhut M. Brkljača Bottegaro N. Perharić M. Hađina S. Milas Z. Turk N. : Detection of Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis in horses in Croatia as a result of small scale survey . Vet Archiv 2017 , 87 , 535 541 , 10.24099/vet.arhiv.160627 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Taylor C., Rosenthal R., Brown D., Lapage S., Hill L., Legros L.: The causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977: Proposal for a new species to be known as Haemophilus equigenitalis. Equine Vet J 1978, 10, 136–144, doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02242.x. Taylor C. Rosenthal R. Brown D. Lapage S. Hill L. Legros L. : The causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977: Proposal for a new species to be known as Haemophilus equigenitalis . Equine Vet J 1978 , 10 , 136 144 , 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02242.x . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wakeley P., Errington J., Hannon S., Roest H., Carson T., Hunt B., Sawyer J., Heath P.: Development of a real time PCR for the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis directly from genital swabs and discrimination from Taylorella asinigenitalis. Vet Microbiol 2006, 118, 247–254, doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.007. Wakeley P. Errington J. Hannon S. Roest H. Carson T. Hunt B. Sawyer J. Heath P. : Development of a real time PCR for the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis directly from genital swabs and discrimination from Taylorella asinigenitalis . Vet Microbiol 2006 , 118 , 247 254 , 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.007 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Part 3, Chapter 3.6.2, Contagious equine metritis. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, 12th edition, WOAH, Paris, France, 2022, https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.06.02_CEM.pdf. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) : Part 3, Chapter 3.6.2, Contagious equine metritis . In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, 12th edition , WOAH , Paris, France , 2022 , https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.06.02_CEM.pdf . Search in Google Scholar

Zbylut J., Malinowski E.: Epizootic situation of contagious equine metritis in selected horse breeding centers in Poland. Med Wet 2010, 66, 559–561. Zbylut J. Malinowski E. : Epizootic situation of contagious equine metritis in selected horse breeding centers in Poland . Med Wet 2010 , 66 , 559 561 . Search in Google Scholar

Zdovc I., Ocepek M., Gruntar I., Pate M., Klobucar I., Krt B.: Prevalance of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in stallions in Slovenia: bacteriology compared with PCR examination. Equine Vet J 2005, 37, 217–221, doi: 10.2746/0425164054530696. Zdovc I. Ocepek M. Gruntar I. Pate M. Klobucar I. Krt B. : Prevalance of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in stallions in Slovenia: bacteriology compared with PCR examination . Equine Vet J 2005 , 37 , 217 221 , 10.2746/0425164054530696 . Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Language:
English