Parasitic infections in the organic beef cattle herds of southern Poland during the grazing season, with the first record of Calicophoron daubneyi (Dinnik, 1962) in the country

Fig. 1.

Parasitic infection of 287 organic beef cattle examined copro-microscopically using the McMaster flotation method: levels by herd, animal age and month of the grazing season

		n	Index	Eimeria sp.	Strongylida	Nematodirus sp.	Strongyloides sp.	Trichuris sp.	Aonchotheca sp.	Moniezia benedeni
In total		287	P	28.9	46.0	5.2	2.1	1.4	1.0	4.2
			CIP	23.8–34.5	40.2–51.5	3.1–8.5	0.9–4.5	0.5–3.6	0.3–3.1	2.4–7.3
			Ic/In	287	113	177	53	35	20	++
			CII	113–793	88–147	62–324	23–93	20–50	NC	(+)–(+++)
Herd	A	100	P	39.0a	44.0	6.0ab	3.0	1.0	0.0	5.0
			CIP	29.9–49.0	34.4–54.0	2.6–12.4	0.8–8.4	0.1–5.3	0.0–3.8	2.0–11.3
			Ic/In	297	56b	23b	60	80	NE	+++
			CII	104–974	42–76	20–27	20–100	NC	NC	(+)–(+++)
	B	47	P	23.4ab	51.1	0.0b	0.0	2.1	2.1	2.1
			CIP	13.2–37.5	37.0–65.0	0.0–8.0	0.0–8.0	0.1–11.3	0.1–11.3	0.1–11.3
			Ic/In	42	48b	NE	NE	20	20	+
			CII	29–53	33–91	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
	C	69	P	30.4ab	44.9	11.6a	4.3	1.4	1.4	5.8
			CIP	20.3–42.7	33.2–57.3	5.4–21.6	1.2–12.1	0.1–7.7	0.1–7.7	2.0–14.3
			Ic/In	524	192a	313a	47	20	20	+
			CII	59–2,790	125–306	118–498	20–67	NC	NC	(+)–(++)
	D	71	P	16.9b	46.5	1.4b	0.0	1.4	1.4	2.8
			CIP	9.7–27.4	35.1–58.5	0.1–7.5	0.0–5.3	0.1–7.5	0.1–7.5	0.5–9.7
			Ic/In	60	162a	20	NE	20	20	+
			CII	25–118	106–241	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
Age	Calves (<0.5 year)	6	P	83.3e	33.3	0.0	33.3a	0.0	0.0	0.0ab
			CIP	41.1–99.2	6.3–72.9	0.0–41.1	6.3–72.9	0.0–41.1	0.0–41.1	0.0–41.1
			Ic/In	1268	320	NE	110	NE	NE	NE
			CII	28–3,700	40–320	NC	80–110	NC	NC	NC
	Yearlings (0.5–1 year)	13	P	69.2e	69.2	7.7	15.4a	0.0	7.7	23.1a
			CIP	41.3–88.7	41.3–88.7	0.4–34.2	2.8–43.4	0.0–22.5	0.4–34.2	6.6–52.0
			Ic/In	71	113	20	20	NE	20	+
			CII	36–164	56–184	NC	NC	NC	NC	+
	Heifers (1–2 years)	40	P	52.5e	35.0	2.5	0.0b	0.0	0.0	0.0b
			CIP	37.2–67.7	21.2–51.3	0.1–13.3	0.0–8.4	0.0–8.4	0.0–8.4	0.0–8.4
			Ic/In	182	53	20	NE	NE	NE	NE
			CII	32–486	33–100	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
	Cows (>2 years)	228	P	21.1f	46.9	5.7	0.9b	1.8	0.9	3.9b
			CIP	16.2–26.9	40.3–53.5	3.2–9.6	0.2–3.2	0.6–4.5	0.2–3.2	2.0–7.4
			Ic/In	270	117	202	30	35	20	++
			CII	63–1,270	88–159	77–368	20–30	20–50	NC	(+)–(+++)
Month	May	51	P	27.5	70.6a	0.0	3.9	0.0	3.9	0.0
			CIP	16.4–41.1	56.9–81.6	0.0–7.3	0.7–13.4	0.0–7.3	0.7–13.4	0.0–7.3
			Ic/In	51	96a	NE	50	NE	20	NE
			CII	29–126	72–137	NC	20–50	NC	NC	NC
	June	38	P	28.9	44.7b	5.3	5.3	2.6	2.6	2.6
			CIP	16.7–45.3	29.6–60.6	0.9–18.0	0.9–18.0	0.1–14.0	0.1–14.0	0.1–14.0
			Ic/In	38	76ab	20	20	20	20	+
			CII	27–56	46–156	NC	NC	NC	NC	NC
	July	39	P	23.1	38.5b	2.6	2.6	0.0	0.0	5.1
			CIP	12.3–38.4	24.1–55.2	0.1–13.6	0.1–13.6	0.0–8.6	0.0–8.6	0.9–17.5
			Ic/In	722	68b	100	140	NE	NE	+
			CII	36–2,890	31–159	NC	NC	NC	NC	+
	August	48	P	31.2	33.3b	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.2
			CIP	19.6–45.8	21.1–47.9	2.9–19.6	0.0–7.8	0.0–7.8	0.0–7.8	0.7–14.3
			Ic/In	260	43b	20	NE	NE	NE	++
			CII	52–677	25–77	NC	NC	NC	NC	++
	September	57	P	29.8	45.6b	8.8	1.8	1.8	0.0	5.3
			CIP	19.1–42.9	33.2–58.8	3.5–19.1	0.1–9.3	0.1–9.3	0.0–6.6	1.4–14.6
			Ic/In	72	202a	472	40	20	NE	+
			CII	42–121	111–324	128–616	NC	NC	NC	(+)–(++)
	October	54	P	31.5	40.7b	5.6	0.0	3.7	0.0	7.4
			CIP	20.2–45.3	28.4–54.7	1.5–15.5	0.0–6.9	0.7–12.7	0.0–6.9	2.6–17.4
			Ic/In	648	145a	27	NE	50	NE	+++
			CII	74–3,480	76–235	20–33	NC	20–80	NC	(+)–(+++)

Genera and species as proportions of all Strongylida (%) in infected organic beef cattle, based on a total of 600 L3 infective larvae (150 L3 larvae from each herd) identified by larvoscopic examination

Genus or species of Nematoda	Herd				Total
	A	B	C	D
Ostertagia sp.	10.0	28.0	6.0	50.0	23.5
Haemonchus placei	65.3	58.0	68.6	13.3	51.3
Bunostomum sp.	ND	ND	4.7	ND	1.2
Trichostrongylus axei	2.7	3.3	16.6	24.7	11.8
Cooperia sp.	ND	8.7	2.7	4.7	4.0
Oesophagostomum sp.	20.7	2.0	0.7	7.3	7.7
Chabertia ovina	ND	ND	0.7	ND	0.2
Nematodirus fillicolis	1.3	ND	ND	ND	0.3

Proportion of particular Eimeria species (%) infecting organic beef cattle, based on a total of n = 600 oocysts (150 oocysts from each herd) identified after sporulation

Species of Eimeria	Herd				Total
	A	B	C	D
E. bovis	21.3	52.0	8.0	67.3	37.1
E. zuernii	38.7	16.7	65.3	12.0	33.1
E. alabamensis	0.7	ND	ND	3.3	1.0
E. auburnensis	6.7	ND	2.7	3.3	3.2
E. ellipsoidalis	10.0	16.0	12.0	8.0	11.5
E. bukidnonensis	3.3	ND	3.3	ND	1.7
E. pellita	2.0	12.0	2.0	0.7	4.2
E. subspherica	3.3	ND	2.7	1.3	1.8
E. cylindrica	0.7	3.3	ND	2.0	1.5
E. canadensis	5.3	ND	ND	1.3	1.7
E. wyomingensis	8.0	ND	4.0	ND	3.0
E. brasiliensis	ND	ND	ND	0.7	0.2