Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk – dietary intake and risk assessment

Szczepan Mikołajczyk; Małgorzata Warenik-Bany; Marek Pajurek

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Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk – dietary intake and risk assessment

Szczepan Mikołajczyk

Małgorzata Warenik-Bany

and

Marek Pajurek

| Dec 19, 2023

Journal of Veterinary Research

Volume 67 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)

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Page range: 593 - 602

Received: Jun 01, 2023

Accepted: Oct 10, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0058

Keywords
PFAS, cow’s milk, small-ruminant milk, POPs, risk assessment

© 2023 Szczepan Mikołajczyk et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Map of Poland showing sampling points in different voivodeships

Distribution of the results for concentrations of lower-bound sum of 4 and of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances (LB ∑4 PFAS and LB ∑14 PFAS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Relationship to the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of dietary intake with a statistically average weekly portion and recommended weekly portion of milk based on lower- and upper-bound mean and 95th percentile concentrations related to the TWI

Levels of other perfluoroalkyl substances determined in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

Compound		Cow	Goat	Sheep	LOQ
PFHxA	mean	<LOQ	<LOQ	0.0055
	median	-	-	0.0028	0.001
	range	-	-	<LOQ–0.0114
PFHpA	mean	<LOQ	0.0015	0.0016
	median	-	0.0015	0.0016	0.001
	range	-	<LOQ–0.0015	<LOQ–0.0019
PFDA	mean	0.0021	0.0023	0.0024
	median	0.0021	0.0024	0.0020	0.001
	range	<LOQ–0.0021	<LOQ–0.0032	<LOQ–0.0042
PFUnDA	mean	0.0019	0.0017	0.0018
	median	0.0019	0.0016	0.0013	0.001
	range	LOQ-0.0019	<LOQ–0.0026	<LOQ–0.0032
PFDoA	mean	0.0011	0.0014	0.0017
	median	0.0011	0.0014	0.0015	0.001
	range	<LOQ–0.0011	<LOQ–0.0015	<LOQ–0.0026
PFTrDA	mean	<LOQ	0.0057	0.0058
	median	-	0.0057	0.0050	0.004
	range	-	<LOQ–0.0070	<LOQ–0.0091
PFTeDA	mean	0.0055	0.0063	0.0073
	median	0.0057	0.0057	0.0061	0.004
	range	<LOQ–0.0065	<LOQ–0.0105	<LOQ–0.0129
PFBS	mean	0.0012	0.0015	0.0015
	median	0.0012	0.0015	0.0014	0.001
	range	<LOQ–0.0012	<LOQ–0.0020	<LOQ–0.0020
PFPeS	mean	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
	median	-	-	-	0.001
	range	-	-	-
PFHpS	mean	<LOQ	<LOQ	<LOQ
	median range	-	-	-	0.001

Estimated intake (ng/kg body weight) of perfluoroalkyl substances (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) with a statistically average weekly portion and recommended weekly portion of milk based on mean and 95th percentile upper-bound concentrations

	Perfluoroalkyl substance concentration
	Children		Adults
	Mean	95^th Percentile	Mean	95^th Percentile
	Intake ng/kg b.w
Cow	0.153/0.652	0.199/0.848	0.050/0.215	0.066/0.280
Goat	0.259/1.106	0.529/2.258	0.086/0.365	0.175/0.745
Sheep	0.266/1.136	0.486/2.076	0.088/0.375	0.160/0.685

PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS levels in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

Compound		Cow	Goat	Sheep	LOQ	Indicative level
∑PFOS	mean	0.0017	0.0048	0.0038
	median	0.0014	0.0026	0.0033	0.001	0.020
	range	<LOQ–0.0034	<LOQ–0.0174	<LOQ–0.0096
L-PFOS	mean	0.0015	0.0033	0.0025
	median	0.0014	0.0023	0.0020	0.001	-
	range	<LOQ–0.0034	<LOQ–0.0129	<LOQ–0.0047
PFOA	mean	0.0016	0.0016	0.0017
	median	0.0015	0.0014	0.0014	0.001	0.010
	range	<LOQ–0.0023	<LOQ–0.0022	<LOQ–0.0026
PFNA	mean	0.0015	0.0014	0.0020
	median	0.0015	0.0014	0.0016	0.001	0.050
	range	<LOQ–0.0016	<LOQ–0.0015	<LOQ–0.0037
PFHxS	mean	<LOQ	0.0027	<LOQ
	median	-	0.0027	-	0.001	0.060
	range	-	<LOQ–0.0015	-
UB∑4 PFAS	mean	0.0043	0.0073	0.0075
	median	0.0040	0.0056	0.0065	0.0040	-
	range	0.0040–0.0064	0.0040–0.0224	0.0041–0.0156
LB∑4 PFAS	mean	0.0008	0.0046	0.0055
	median	0.0000	0.0026	0.0045	-	-
	range	0.0000–0.0035	0.0000–0.0214	0.0011–0.0136

eISSN:: 2450-8608
Language:: English

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Journal Subjects:: Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine

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Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk – dietary intake and risk assessment

Published Online: Dec 19, 2023

Page range: 593 - 602

Received: Jun 01, 2023

Accepted: Oct 10, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0058

Keywords
PFAS, cow’s milk, small-ruminant milk, POPs, risk assessment

© 2023 Szczepan Mikołajczyk et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Levels of other perfluoroalkyl substances determined in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS levels in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk – dietary intake and risk assessment

Published Online: Dec 19, 2023

Page range: 593 - 602

Received: Jun 01, 2023

Accepted: Oct 10, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0058

KeywordsPFAS, cow’s milk, small-ruminant milk, POPs, risk assessment

© 2023 Szczepan Mikołajczyk et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Levels of other perfluoroalkyl substances determined in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS levels in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk (μg/kg)

Keywords
PFAS, cow’s milk, small-ruminant milk, POPs, risk assessment