<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0059_s_005"><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle. Despite its importance for animal health, no data is available on its prevalence in Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the virus’ seroprevalence, identify risk factors of BCoV exposure in selected cattle farms and investigate the genetic variability of circulating strains.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0059_s_006"><h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 296 individuals from 51 cattle herds. Serum samples were tested with ELISA for the presence of BCoV-, bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1)- and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-specific antibodies. The presence of those viruses in nasal swabs was tested by real-time PCR assays. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using fragments of the BCoV S gene.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0059_s_007"><h3>Results</h3>
<p>Antibodies specific to BCoV were found in 215 (72.6%) animals. Seropositivity for BCoV was more frequent (P>0.05) in calves under 6 months of age, animals with respiratory signs coinfected with BoHV-1 and BVDV and increased with herd size. In the final model, age and herd size were established as risk factors for BCoV-seropositivity. Genetic material of BCoV was found in 31 (10.5%) animals. The probability of BCoV detection was the highest in medium-sized herds. Polish BCoVs showed high genetic homology (98.3–100%) and close relatedness to European strains.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0059_s_008"><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Infections with BCoV were more common than infections with BoHV-1 and BVDV. Bovine coronavirus exposure and shedding show age- and herd density-dependence.</p></sec></abstract>

Introduction
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle. Despite its importance for animal health, no data is available on its prevalence in Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the virus’ seroprevalence, identify risk factors of BCoV exposure in selected cattle farms and investigate the genetic variability of circulating strains.
Material and Methods
Serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 296 individuals from 51 cattle herds. Serum samples were tested with ELISA for the presence of BCoV-, bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1)- and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-specific antibodies. The presence of those viruses in nasal swabs was tested by real-time PCR assays. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using fragments of the BCoV S gene.
Results
Antibodies specific to BCoV were found in 215 (72.6%) animals. Seropositivity for BCoV was more frequent (P>0.05) in calves under 6 months of age, animals with respiratory signs coinfected with BoHV-1 and BVDV and increased with herd size. In the final model, age and herd size were established as risk factors for BCoV-seropositivity. Genetic material of BCoV was found in 31 (10.5%) animals. The probability of BCoV detection was the highest in medium-sized herds. Polish BCoVs showed high genetic homology (98.3–100%) and close relatedness to European strains.
Conclusion
Infections with BCoV were more common than infections with BoHV-1 and BVDV. Bovine coronavirus exposure and shedding show age- and herd density-dependence.

Occurrence of bovine coronavirus and other major respiratory viruses in cattle in Poland

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a causative agent of enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle. Despite its importance for animal health, no data is...

Occurrence of bovine coronavirus and other major respiratory viruses in cattle in Poland

Published Online: Nov 04, 2022

Page range: 479 - 486

Received: Jun 03, 2022

Accepted: Oct 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0059

Keywords
BCoV, BoHV-1, BVDV, serology, real time RT-PCR

© 2022 W. Socha et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Occurrence of bovine coronavirus and other major respiratory viruses in cattle in Poland

Published Online: Nov 04, 2022

Page range: 479 - 486

Received: Jun 03, 2022

Accepted: Oct 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0059

KeywordsBCoV, BoHV-1, BVDV, serology, real time RT-PCR

© 2022 W. Socha et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
BCoV, BoHV-1, BVDV, serology, real time RT-PCR